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Mahmoudi S, Gruenewald LD, Eichler K, Althoff FC, Martin SS, Bernatz S, Booz C, Yel I, Kinzler MN, Ziegengeist NS, Torgashov K, Mohammed H, Geyer T, Scholtz JE, Hammerstingl RM, Weber C, Hardt SE, Sommer CM, Gruber-Rouh T, Leistner DM, Vogl TJ, Koch V. Multiparametric Evaluation of Radiomics Features and Dual-Energy CT Iodine Maps for Discrimination and Outcome Prediction of Thymic Masses. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:3010-3021. [PMID: 37105804 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic value of radiomics features and dual-source dual-energy CT (DECT) based material decomposition in differentiating low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 32 patients (16 males, mean age 66 ± 14 years) with pathologically confirmed thymic masses who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between 10/2014 and 01/2023. Two experienced readers evaluated all patients regarding conventional radiomics features, as well as DECT-based features, including attenuation (HU), iodine density (mg/mL), and fat fraction (%). Data comparisons were performed using analysis of variance and chi-square statistic tests. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cox-regression tests were used to discriminate between low-risk/high-risk thymomas and thymic carcinomas. RESULTS Of the 32 thymic tumors, 12 (38%) were low-risk thymomas, 11 (34%) were high-risk thymomas, and 9 (28%) were thymic carcinomas. Values differed significantly between low-risk thymoma, high-risk thymoma, and thymic carcinoma regarding DECT-based features (p ≤ 0.023) and 30 radiomics features (p ≤ 0.037). The area under the curve to differentiate between low-risk/high-risk thymomas and thymic cancer was 0.998 (95% CI, 0.915-1.000; p < 0.001) for the combination of DECT imaging parameters and radiomics features, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96%. During a follow-up of 60 months (IQR, 35-60 months), the multiparametric approach including radiomics features, DECT parameters, and clinical parameters showed an excellent prognostic power to predict all-cause mortality (c-index = 0.978 [95% CI, 0.958-0.998], p = 0.003). CONCLUSION A multiparametric approach including conventional radiomics features and DECT-based features facilitates accurate, non-invasive discrimination between low-risk/high-risk thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherwin Mahmoudi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.).
| | - Leon D Gruenewald
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Katrin Eichler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Friederike C Althoff
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (F.C.A.)
| | - Simon S Martin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Christian Booz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Maximilian N Kinzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.N.K.)
| | - Nicole Suarez Ziegengeist
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Katerina Torgashov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Hanin Mohammed
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Tobias Geyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Renate M Hammerstingl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Christophe Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (C.W., S.E.H.)
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (C.W., S.E.H.)
| | - Christof M Sommer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (C.M.S.)
| | - Tatjana Gruber-Rouh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - David M Leistner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (D.M.L.)
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
| | - Vitali Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (S.M., L.D.G., K.E., S.S.M., S.B., C.B., I.Y., N.S.Z., K.T., H.M., T.G., J.-E.S., R.M.H., T.G.-R., T.J.V., V.K.)
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Mahmoudi S, Gruenewald LD, Eichler K, Martin SS, Booz C, Bernatz S, Lahrsow M, Yel I, Gotta J, Biciusca T, Mohammed H, Ziegengeist NS, Torgashov K, Hammerstingl RM, Sommer CM, Weber C, Almansour H, Bucolo G, D'Angelo T, Scholtz JE, Gruber-Rouh T, Vogl TJ, Koch V. Advanced biomedical imaging for accurate discrimination and prognostication of mediastinal masses. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14075. [PMID: 37571983 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the potential of radiomic features and dual-source dual-energy CT (DECT) parameters in differentiating between benign and malignant mediastinal masses and predicting patient outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analysed data from 90 patients (38 females, mean age 51 ± 25 years) with confirmed mediastinal masses who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT. Attenuation, radiomic features and DECT-derived imaging parameters were evaluated by two experienced readers. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square statistic tests for data comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cox regression tests were used to differentiate between mediastinal masses. RESULTS Of the 90 mediastinal masses, 49 (54%) were benign, including cases of thymic hyperplasia/thymic rebound (n = 10), mediastinitis (n = 16) and thymoma (n = 23). The remaining 41 (46%) lesions were classified as malignant, consisting of lymphoma (n = 28), mediastinal tumour (n = 4) and thymic carcinoma (n = 9). Significant differences were observed between benign and malignant mediastinal masses in all DECT-derived parameters (p ≤ .001) and 38 radiomic features (p ≤ .044) obtained from contrast-enhanced DECT. The combination of these methods achieved an area under the curve of .98 (95% CI, .893-1.000; p < .001) to differentiate between benign and malignant masses, with 100% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Throughout a follow-up of 1800 days, a multiparametric model incorporating radiomic features, DECT parameters and gender showed promising prognostic power in predicting all-cause mortality (c-index = .8 [95% CI, .702-.890], p < .001). CONCLUSIONS A multiparametric approach combining radiomic features and DECT-derived imaging biomarkers allows for accurate and noninvasive differentiation between benign and malignant masses in the anterior mediastinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scherwin Mahmoudi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leon D Gruenewald
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Eichler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Booz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lahrsow
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gotta
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Teodora Biciusca
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hanin Mohammed
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Suarez Ziegengeist
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katerina Torgashov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Renate M Hammerstingl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christof M Sommer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Haidara Almansour
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gruber-Rouh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vitali Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Koch V, Martin SS, Gruber-Rouh T, Eichler K, Mahmoudi S, Leistner DM, Scholtz JE, Bernatz S, Puntmann VO, Nagel E, Booz C, D'Angelo T, Alizadeh LS, Yel I, Ziegengeist NS, Torgashov K, Geyer T, Hardt SE, Vogl TJ, Gruenewald LD, Giannitsis E. Cancer patients with venous thromboembolism: Diagnostic and prognostic value of elevated D-dimers. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13914. [PMID: 36444723 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-dimer testing is known to have a high sensitivity at simultaneously low specificity, resulting in nonspecific elevations in a variety of conditions. METHODS This retrospective study sought to assess diagnostic and prognostic features of D-dimers in cancer patients referred to the emergency department for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In total, 526 patients with a final adjudicated diagnosis of PE (n = 83) and DVT (n = 69) were enrolled, whereas 374 patients served as the comparative group, in which venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been excluded. RESULTS For the identification of VTE, D-dimers yielded the highest positive predictive value of 96% (95% confidence interval (CI), 85-99) at concentrations of 9.9 mg/L and a negative predictive value of 100% at .6 mg/L (95% CI, 97-100). At the established rule-out cut-off level of .5 mg/L, D-dimers were found to be very sensitive (100%) at a moderate specificity of nearly 65%. Using an optimised cut-off value of 4.9 mg/L increased the specificity to 95% for the detection of life-threatening VTE at the cost of moderate sensitivities (64%). During a median follow-up of 30 months, D-dimers positively correlated with the reoccurrence of VTE (p = .0299) and mortality in both cancer patients with VTE (p < .0001) and without VTE (p = .0008). CONCLUSIONS Although D-dimer testing in cancer patients is discouraged by current guidelines, very high concentrations above the 10-fold upper reference limit contain diagnostic and prognostic information and might be helpful in risk assessment, while low concentrations remain useful for ruling out VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon S Martin
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Eichler
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - David M Leistner
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Scholtz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Bernatz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Eike Nagel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Booz
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Leona S Alizadeh
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Tobias Geyer
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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