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Afari N, Herbert MS, Godfrey KM, Cuneo JG, Salamat JS, Mostoufi S, Gasperi M, Ober K, Backhaus A, Rutledge T, Wetherell JL. Acceptance and commitment therapy as an adjunct to the MOVE! programme: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:397-407. [PMID: 31687165 PMCID: PMC6819973 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study tested the efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group intervention for disinhibited eating behaviour as an adjunct to the Veterans Affairs MOVE!© weight management programme. METHODS Veterans (N = 88) with overweight or obesity who completed the MOVE! weight management programme and self-identified as having problems with 'stress-related eating' were randomized to four 2-h weekly ACT sessions or a continued behavioural weight-loss (BWL) intervention. Assessments were completed at baseline, post-treatment and 3- and 6-month follow-up on outcomes of interest including measures of disinhibited eating patterns, obesity-related quality of life, weight-related experiential avoidance and weight. RESULTS The BWL group exhibited significantly greater reductions in binge eating behaviour at post-treatment compared with the ACT group. Significant improvements in other outcomes were found with minimal differences between groups. In both groups, decreases in weight-related experiential avoidance were related to improvements in binge eating behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the continued BWL intervention resulted in larger improvements in binge eating behaviour than the ACT intervention. The two groups showed similar improvements in other disinhibited eating outcomes. Future studies are encouraged to determine if more integrated or longer duration of ACT treatment may maximize eating outcomes in MOVE.Trial Registration Number: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT01757847).
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Afari
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH)San DiegoCAUSA
| | - M. S. Herbert
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH)San DiegoCAUSA
| | - K. M. Godfrey
- Drexel University Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle SciencePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - J. G. Cuneo
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - S. Mostoufi
- Behavior Therapy Center of Greater WashingtonSilver SpringMDUSA
| | - M. Gasperi
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH)San DiegoCAUSA
| | - K. Ober
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - A. Backhaus
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - T. Rutledge
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - J. L. Wetherell
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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Desalermos A, Russell B, Leggett C, Parnell A, Ober K, Hagerich K, Gerlan C, Ganji G, Lee E, Proudfoot JA, Grunvald E, Gupta S, Ho SB, Zarrinpar A. Effect of Obesogenic Medications on Weight-Loss Outcomes in a Behavioral Weight-Management Program. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:716-723. [PMID: 31012292 PMCID: PMC6544176 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the use of obesogenic medications and inadequate weight loss in a behavioral weight-management program. METHODS This is a case-control, single-center study of 666 adult patients within a Veterans Health Administration health system who participated in the MOVE! behavioral weight-loss program. The cohort was divided into responders (n = 150), patients who achieved ≥ 5% total weight loss by the end of the MOVE! program, and nonresponders (n = 516), those who achieved < 5% total weight loss. We reviewed each patient's medical records for exposure to obesogenic medication during the time of treatment. RESULTS Approximately 62% (n = 411) of patients entering MOVE! had a prescription for obesogenic medications. Obesogenic medication use was associated with worse weight-loss outcomes, and participants were 37% less likely to achieve a clinically meaningful (≥ 5% total weight loss) outcome at the end of the MOVE! program (odds ratio, 0.633; 95% CI: 0.427-0.937; adjusted P = 0.022). Patients who received three or more medications (n = 72) had the greatest difficulty achieving 5% weight loss compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.265; 95% CI: 0.108-0.646; adjusted P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The use of provider-prescribed obesogenic medications was associated with worse weight-loss outcomes in a behavioral weight-loss program. Closer scrutiny of patient medications is necessary to help improve outcomes of weight-loss treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Desalermos
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Baylee Russell
- Division of Gastroenterology. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cecilia Leggett
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amelia Parnell
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Ober
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kelley Hagerich
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cindy Gerlan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gelareh Ganji
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Euyhyun Lee
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James A. Proudfoot
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Grunvald
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samir Gupta
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Ober K, Benson S, Vogelsang M, Bylica A, Günther D, Witzke O, Kribben A, Engler H, Schedlowski M. Plasma noradrenaline and state anxiety levels predict placebo response in learned immunosuppression. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 91:220-6. [PMID: 22166852 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Large interindividual differences exist in the presence and extent of placebo responses in both experimental and clinical studies, but little is known about possible predictors of these responses. We employed a behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression paradigm in healthy men to analyze predictors of learned placebo responses. During acquisition, the subjects received either the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (n = 32) or a placebo (n = 14) (unconditioned stimuli (US)) together with a novel-tasting drink (conditioned stimulus (CS)). During evocation, the subjects were reexposed to the CS alone. In responders (n = 15), the CS alone caused a significant inhibition of interleukin (IL)-2 production by anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood T cells, closely mimicking the drug effect. Nonresponders (n = 17) did not show responses different from those of the controls. Multiple-regression analyses showed that baseline IL-2, plasma noradrenaline, and state anxiety predicted nearly 60% of the variance in the conditioned IL-2 response. These data provide first evidence for putative biological and psychological predictors of learned placebo responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ober
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Abstract
The complex flagella of Rhizobium meliloti 2011 and MVII-1 were analyzed with regard to serology, fine structure, subunits, and amino acid composition. The serological identities of flagellar filaments of the two strains were demonstrated by double immunodiffusion with antiflagellin antiserum. The filaments had a diameter of 16 nm. Their morphology was dominated by the prominent undulations of an external three-start helix running at a 10-nm axial distance and at an angle of 32 degrees. Faint nearly axial striations indicated the presence of a tubular core of a different helical order. The complex filaments consisted of 40,000-dalton flagellin monomers. Typically, the amino acid composition was 3 to 4% higher in nonpolar residues and 5 to 7% lower in aspartic and glutamic acids (and their amides) than that of plain flagellar proteins. There were no immunochemical relationships among Pseudomonas rhodos, Rhizobium lupini, and R. meliloti complex flagella, suggesting that the latter represent a new class.
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Ober K. Effects of diazepam on photosynthesis, respiration, rubidium uptake, and finestructure of Scenedesmus obliquus in synchronous cultures. Arch Microbiol 1975; 102:129-37. [PMID: 163622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00428357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of diazepam (Valium) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll/photosynthesis ratios, respiration, uptake of rubidium ions, and ultrastructure of Scenedesmus obliquus synchronized by a light-dark regimen of 14:10 hrs were determined. 80 and 160 muM diazepam, added to the nutrient medium at the start of the light-dark change (i.e., start of the cell cycle) gradually reduced rates of photosynthesis, below the initial rates from the beginning of the experiment. Contents of chlorophyll, however, remained nearly unaffected. Consequently, the diazepam-treated cells had a higher chlorophyll/photosynthesis ratio--also with regard to respiration in order to calculate the gross photosynthesis. The occurrence of photorespiration cannot be assumed. The net influx of rubidium was slightly reduced by 100 muM diazepam 0.5 and 2.0 hrs after the start of the cell cycle and was strongly inhibited after 5 to 14 hrs. 80 and 160 muM diazepam caused separation of thylakoids, formation of giant mitochondria and enlargement of vacuoles.
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