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Mannion J, Hong KL, Hennessey A, Cleary A, Subramaniyan A, Sheahan C, Bennett KE, Sheahan R. Optimizing Patient Selection for Physiological Pacing in Bradyarrhythmia: Factors Associated With High Ventricular Pacing Burden. Cardiol Res 2024; 15:99-107. [PMID: 38645828 PMCID: PMC11027784 DOI: 10.14740/cr1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Right ventricular (RV) pacing is established as the most common ventricular pacing (VP) strategy for patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia. Some patients with high VP burden suffer deterioration of left ventricular (LV) function, termed pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). Patients who pace > 20% of the time from the RV apex are at increased risk of PICM, but independent predictors of increased RV pacing burden have not been elucidated in those who have a permanent pacemaker (PPM) inserted for bradyarrhythmia. Methods We aimed to identify factors that are associated with increased VP burden > 20%, hence determining those at risk for resultant PICM. In this retrospective cohort study, we identified the most recent 300 consecutive cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implants in our center and collected past medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), echo, medication and pacemaker check data. Results A total of 236 individuals met inclusion criteria. Of the patients, 35% had RV pacing burden < 20%, while 65% had VP burden ≥ 20%; 96.2% of patients with complete heart block (CHB) paced > 20% (P = 0.002). Utilization of DDD or VVI (75.2% and 89.2% of patients, respectively) without mode switch algorithms was associated with VP > 20% (P < 0.001). Male or previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients also statistically paced > 20%. Other factors trending towards significance included prolonged PR interval, atrial fibrillation or more advanced age. Conclusion High-grade atrioventricular (AV) block was associated with an RV pacing burden > 20% over 3 years but this was not consistent in patients with only transient episodes of high-grade AV block. We found a significant association between high VP% and male sex, previous CABG and the absence of mode switching algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Mannion
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kathryn L. Hong
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amy Hennessey
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anna Cleary
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anand Subramaniyan
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Sheahan
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kathleen E. Bennett
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI, University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Richard Sheahan
- Electrophysiology Department, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hong KL, Verma A, Lee T, Jiang Y, Skobic D, Huang G, Park J, Terricabras M, Malaweera A, Sanhueza E, Korogyi A, Lashevsky I, Crystal E, Glover BM. Age-Related Changes in the Anatomy of the Triangle of Koch: Implications for Catheter Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia. CJC Open 2021; 3:924-928. [PMID: 34401699 PMCID: PMC8348584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia is the most common type of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. We sought to assess whether important anatomic factors, such as the location of the slow pathway, proximity to the bundle of His, and coronary sinus ostium dimensions, varied with patient age, and whether these factors had an impact on procedural duration, acute success, and complications. Methods Baseline demographic and procedural data were collected, and the maps were analyzed. Linear regression models were performed to evaluate the associations between age and these anatomic variations. Associations were also assessed, with age categorized as being ≥ 60 years or < 60 years. Results The slow pathway was more commonly located in a superior location relative to the coronary sinus ostium in older patients. The location of the slow pathway moved in a superior direction by 1 mm for every increase in 2 years from the mean estimate of age. Additionally the slow pathway tended to be closer to the coronary sinus ostium in older patients, and the diameter of the ostium was larger in older patients. This resulted in longer procedure time, longer ablation times, and a greater need for long sheaths for stability. Conclusions The location of the slow pathway becomes more superior and closer to the coronary sinus ostium with increasing age. Additionally, the coronary sinus diameter increases with age. These factors result in longer ablation and procedural times in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Hong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Southlake Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thea Lee
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yidi Jiang
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Grace Huang
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joy Park
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Terricabras
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anura Malaweera
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo Sanhueza
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Korogyi
- Abbott Laboratories, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilan Lashevsky
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Crystal
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedict M. Glover
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dr Benedict M. Glover, Associate Professor, Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Tel.: +1-416-786-5988; fax: +1-416-480-6913.
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Chiang LLW, Li C, Hong KL, Hui WS, Beh SY, Gong M, Liu T, Li G, Xia Y, Ho J, Roever L, Duong S, Huang G, Tse G, Baranchuk A, Glover BM. The use of minimal fluoroscopy for cardiac electrophysiology procedures: A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:814-823. [PMID: 33998690 PMCID: PMC8207968 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional catheter ablation involves prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation, potentially leading to detrimental health effects. Minimal fluoroscopy (MF) represents a safer alternative, which should be explored. Data on the safety and efficacy of this technique are limited. HYPOTHESIS Our hypothesis is that MF is of equal efficacy and safety to conventional catheter ablation with the use of fluoroscopy by performing a meta-analysis of both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world registry studies. METHODS Pubmed and Embase were searched from their inception to July 2020 for RCTs, cohort and observational studies that assessed the outcomes of catheter ablation using a MF technique versus the conventional approach. RESULTS Fifteen studies involving 3795 patients were included in this meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction in fluoroscopy and procedural time with no difference in acute success (odds ratio [OR]:0.74, 95% CI: 0.50-1.10, p = .14), long-term success (OR:0.92, 95% CI: 0.65-1.31, p = .38), arrhythmia recurrence (OR:1.24, 95% CI: 0.75-2.06, p = .97) or rate of complications. (OR:0.83, 95% CI: 0.46-1.48, p = .65). Additionally sub-group analysis for those undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) did not demonstrate a difference in success or complication rates (OR:0.86, 95% CI: 0.30-2.42, p = .77). Multivariate meta-regression did not identify the presence of moderator variables. CONCLUSION This updated meta-analysis demonstrated an overall reduction in procedural and fluoroscopy time for those undergoing a minimal fluoroscopic approach. There was no significant difference in either acute or chronic success rates or complications between a MF approach and conventional approach for the management of all arrhythmias including those undergoing catheter ablation for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christien Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Kathryn L Hong
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Winsy Sin Hui
- Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sze Yi Beh
- Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jeffery Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Department of Clinical Research, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sophia Duong
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Huang
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedict M Glover
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hong KL, Glover BM. Ablation of Low-Voltage Areas for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Procedural Outcomes Using High-Density Voltage Mapping. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:1296. [PMID: 33539987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Hong
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedict M Glover
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hong KL, Glover BM. Reply: Epicardial Electrical Activation During Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:337-338. [PMID: 34317239 PMCID: PMC8298687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedict M. Glover
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
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Hong KL, Baley J, Baranchuk A, Bisleri G, Glover BM. Epicardial Electrical Activation During Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Case Rep 2019; 1:401-402. [PMID: 34316835 PMCID: PMC8288599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-definition mapping of atrial fibrillation is most commonly performed from the endocardial surface. This report describes an example of a case in which combined mapping of the endocardium and epicardium of the left atrium demonstrated electrical dissociation between the 2 surfaces and implies that endocardial mapping alone may not provide sufficient information. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Hong
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Baley
- Abbott Technologies, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedict M. Glover
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Benedict M. Glover, Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Hong KL, Glover BM. Lancisi’s Sign After Implantation of a Pacemaker. CJC Open 2019; 1:268-269. [PMID: 32159120 PMCID: PMC7063630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedict M. Glover
- Corresponding author: Dr Benedict M. Glover, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada. Tel.: +14164806100 ext. 7383.
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Glover BM, Hong KL, Sánchez-Quintana D, Bisleri G. Epicardial electrical dissociation with endocardial conduction following deployment of an epicardial left atrial appendage closure device. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2019; 3:ytz011. [PMID: 31020255 PMCID: PMC6439387 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Glover
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Schulich Heart Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Hong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Schulich Heart Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gianluigi Bisleri
- Department of Surgery, Queens University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Hong KL, Glover BM. Iatrogenic Atrial Septal Defects After Transseptal Access for Atrial Fibrillation Ablations. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:368-369. [PMID: 30935624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Hong
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benedict M Glover
- Schulich Heart Center, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hong KL, Bakker D, Baley J, Babiolakis C, Bullen M, Xue C, Saramago F, Redfearn D, Glover B. HALF NORMAL SALINE SHORTENS THE TIME TO ACHIEVE BIDIRECTIONAL BLOCK IN TYPICAL ATRIAL FLUTTER. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Glover B, Hong KL, Bakker D, Baley J, Babiolakis C, Xue C, Saramago F, Redfearn D. REASONS FOR INAPPROPRIATE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ATTENDANCES IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: RESULTS FROM THE MULTICENTRE AF-ED TRIAL. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(19)31166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Glover BM, Hong KL, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Laroche C, Riahi S, Bertini M, Mikhaylov EN, Galvin J, Kiliszek M, Pokushalov E, Kautzner J, Calvo N, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Brugada J. Impact of body mass index on the outcome of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart 2018; 105:244-250. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe association between obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) is well-established. We aimed to evaluate the impact of index body mass index (BMI) on AF recurrence at 12 months following catheter ablation using propensity-weighted analysis. In addition, periprocedural complications and fluoroscopy details were examined to assess overall safety in relationship to increasing BMI ranges.MethodsBaseline, periprocedural and follow-up data were collected on consecutive patients scheduled for AF ablation. There were no specific exclusion criteria. Patients were categorised according to baseline BMI in order to assess the outcomes for each category.ResultsAmong 3333 patients, 728 (21.8%) were classified as normal (BMI <25.0 kg/m2), 1537 (46.1%) as overweight (BMI 25.5–29.0 kg/m2) and 1068 (32.0%) as obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). Procedural duration and radiation dose were higher for overweight and obese patients compared with those with a normal BMI (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). An index BMI ≥30 kg/m2 led to a 1.2-fold increased likelihood of experiencing recurrent AF at 12-months follow-up as compared with overweight patients (HR 1.223; 95% CI 1.047 to 1.429; p=0.011), while no significant correlation was found between overweight and normal BMI groups (HR 0.954; 95% CI 0.798 to 1.140; p=0.605) and obese versus normal BMI (HR 1.16; 95% CI 0.965 to 1.412; p=0.112).ConclusionsPatients with a baseline BMI ≥30 kg/m2 have a higher recurrence rate of AF following catheter ablation and therefore lifestyle modification to target obesity preprocedure should be considered in these patients.
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Glover BM, Hong KL, Baranchuk A, Bakker D, Chacko S, Bisleri G. Preserved Left Atrial Epicardial Conduction in Regions of Endocardial “Isolation”. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 4:557-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Glover BM, Chen J, Hong KL, Boveda S, Baranchuk A, Haugaa KH, Dorian P, Potpara TS, Crystal E, Mitchell B, Tilz R, Leong-Sit P, Dagres N. Catheter ablation for atrial flutter: a survey by the European Heart Rhythm Association and Canadian Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2017; 18:1880-1885. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Glover BM, Chen J, Hong KL, Boveda S, Baranchuk A, Haugaa KH, Dorian P, Potpara TS, Crystal E, Mitchell B, Tilz R, Leong-Sit P, Dagres N. Retracted. Catheter ablation for atrial flutter: a survey by the European Heart Rhythm Association and Canadian Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2017; 19:e1. [PMID: 28057775 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Abstract
A contemporary American form of the ancient idea of rites of passage can guide young people toward deeper meaning and strengthen their sense of identity and connection to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Blumenkrantz
- Center for Advancement of Youth, Family and Community Services in Glastonbury, Connecticut, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P Meers
- Department of Pathology, William B. Castle Hematology Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts 02118-2394
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Abstract
Lipid vesicles (liposomes) containing pH-sensitive fluorophores were used as probes for the study of liposome entry and intracellular fate. Pyranine [8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonate (HPTS)] was entrapped in the liposome aqueous core during preparation to provide a means of detecting internalization into living cells. HPTS is highly water soluble and shows a strong pH-dependent shift in its fluorescence excitation spectrum. Fluorescence emission (FEM) is slightly pH dependent with excitation (lambda EX) at 350-415 nm but highly pH dependent with lambda EX at 450 nm. Liposomes bearing a net negative charge bound rapidly to CV-1 cells and underwent endocytosis. One hour after liposome addition, high FEM with lambda EX at 413 nm and low FEM with lambda EX at 450 nm suggest that most cell-associated liposomes had been internalized and resided at a mean pH of approximately 6.6. Collapse of cellular H+ gradients with NH4Cl or monensin treatment rapidly and reversibly increased FEM with lambda EX at 450 nm. Direct examination by fluorescence microscopy corroborates the fluorometric data on internalization; over time, FEM remained high with lambda EX at 350-405 nm but decreased with lambda EX at 450-490 nm, showing that all lipid vesicles were internalized within 40 min at 37 degrees C. Acidification of intracellular liposomes increased over 3 h, reaching a minimum value of approximately pH 5.5. HPTS persisted within acidic cellular vesicles for 2-3 days, and cytoplasmic dye was observed infrequently, suggesting that liposome fusion with cellular membranes seldom occurs. Material delivered to the endocytic pathway via lipid vesicles labeled an assortment of intracellular organelles of varying motility and morphology, including dynamic tubular structures whose lumen is acidic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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Meers P, Ernst JD, Düzgünes N, Hong KL, Fedor J, Goldstein IM, Papahadjopoulos D. Synexin-like proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Identification and characterization of granule-aggregating and membrane-fusing activities. J Biol Chem 1987; 262:7850-8. [PMID: 2953727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used Ca2+-dependent binding to a phospholipid vesicle affinity column to isolate a mixture of three synexin-like proteins from the cytosol of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), with relative molecular weights of approximately 67,000, 47,000, and 28,000. Rabbit antibodies raised against bovine liver synexin recognized the 47,000 molecular weight PMN protein. These PMN proteins, like bovine liver synexin, promoted aggregation of isolated PMN specific granules in the presence of Ca2+ and increased the overall rate of Ca2+-induced fusion of liposomes composed of phosphatidate (PA)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (1:3) and phosphatidylserine/PE (1:3), but decreased the rate of spermine-induced fusion of PA/PE (1:3) liposomes. Using fluorescent lipid probes, rapid fusion of PA/PE liposomes with PMN specific granules (50% maximum signal within a few minutes) was observed when 1 mM Ca2+ was added in the presence of both synexin and free arachidonic acid. Dilution of the aqueous contents of liposomes was also observed under the same conditions. The rate of fusion increased monotonically with Ca2+ and arachidonic acid concentrations, but synexin exhibited an optimum concentration. Lack of any one of the components precluded rapid fusion. These results suggest that PMN contain a protein similar to, or identical with, synexin that may be involved in calcium-dependent fusion of intracellular membranes.
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Meers P, Ernst JD, Düzgünes N, Hong KL, Fedor J, Goldstein IM, Papahadjopoulos D. Synexin-like proteins from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Identification and characterization of granule-aggregating and membrane-fusing activities. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)47645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Stern WH, Heath TD, Lewis GP, Guerin CJ, Erickson PA, Lopez NG, Hong KL. Clearance and localization of intravitreal liposomes in the aphakic vitrectomized eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987; 28:907-11. [PMID: 3032840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors have examined the fate of intravitreally injected liposomes in the aphakic, vitrectomized eye of the rabbit. Liposomes labelled with 125[I]-p-hydroxybenzimidylphosphatidylethanolamine were eliminated rapidly from the intraocular fluid. Nonetheless, a significant fraction of these liposomes were found to bind to various ocular tissues including the retina, iris, sclera, and cornea. Ultrastructural studies with gold colloid-loaded liposomes revealed that retinal bound liposomes were attached to the inner limiting lamina but did not penetrate to the internal cells of the retina. Epiretinal cells bound and internalized gold colloid-loaded liposomes suggesting that these cells may be very sensitive to liposome mediated drug delivery.
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