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Innes PA, Goebl AM, Smith CCR, Rosenberger K, Kane NC. Gene expression and alternative splicing contribute to adaptive divergence of ecotypes. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:120-132. [PMID: 38071268 PMCID: PMC10924094 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is a critical link between genotype and phenotype explaining substantial heritable variation within species. However, we are only beginning to understand the ways that specific gene regulatory mechanisms contribute to adaptive divergence of populations. In plants, the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of alternative splicing (AS) plays an important role in both development and abiotic stress response, making it a compelling potential target of natural selection. AS allows organisms to generate multiple different transcripts/proteins from a single gene and thus may provide a source of evolutionary novelty. Here, we examine whether variation in alternative splicing and gene expression levels might contribute to adaptation and incipient speciation of dune-adapted prairie sunflowers in Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado, USA. We conducted a common garden experiment to assess transcriptomic variation among ecotypes and analyzed differential expression, differential splicing, and gene coexpression. We show that individual genes are strongly differentiated for both transcript level and alternative isoform proportions, even when grown in a common environment, and that gene coexpression networks are disrupted between ecotypes. Furthermore, we examined how genome-wide patterns of sequence divergence correspond to divergence in transcript levels and isoform proportions and find evidence for both cis and trans-regulation. Together, our results emphasize that alternative splicing has been an underappreciated mechanism providing source material for natural selection at short evolutionary time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Innes
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - April M Goebl
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Research and Conservation Department, Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Chris C R Smith
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Kaylee Rosenberger
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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2
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Mast E, Bieser KL, Abraham-Villa M, Adams V, Akinlehin AJ, Aquino LZ, Austin JL, Austin AK, Beckham CN, Bengson EJ, Bieszk A, Bogard BL, Brennan RC, Brnot RM, Cirone NJ, Clark MR, Cooper BN, Cruz D, Daprizio KA, DeBoe J, Dencker MM, Donnelly LL, Driscoll L, DuBeau RJ, Durso SW, Ejub A, Elgosbi W, Estrada M, Evins K, Fox PD, France JM, Franco Hernandez MG, Garcia LA, Garl O, Gorsuch MR, Gorzeman-mohr MA, Grothouse ME, Gubbels ME, Hakemiamjad R, Harvey CV, Hoeppner MA, Ivanov JL, Johnson VM, Johnson JL, Johnson A, Johnston K, Keller KR, Kennedy BT, Killian LR, Klumb M, Koehn OL, Koym AS, Kress KJ, Landis RE, Lewis KN, Lim E, Lopez IK, Lowe D, Luengo Carretero P, Lunaburg G, Mallinder SL, Marshall NA, Mathew J, Mathew J, Mcmanaway HS, Meegan EN, Meyst JD, Miller MJ, Minogue CK, Mohr AA, Moran CI, Moran A, Morris MD, Morrison MD, Moses EA, Mullins CJ, Neri CI, Nichols JM, Nickels BR, Okai AM, Okonmah C, Paramo M, Paramo M, Parker SL, Parmar NK, Paschal J, Patel P, Patel D, Perkins EB, Perry MM, Perry Z, Pollock AA, Portalatin O, Proffitt KS, Queen JT, Quemeneur AC, Richardson AG, Rosenberger K, Rutherford AM, Santos-Perez IX, Sarti CY, Schouweiler LJ, Sessing LM, Setaro SO, Silvestri CF, Smith OA, Smith MJ, Sumner JC, Sutton RR, Sweckard L, Talbott NB, Traxler PA, Truesdell J, Valenti AF, Verace L, Vijayakumar P, Wadley WL, Walter KE, Williams AR, Wilson TJ, Witbeck MA, Wobler TM, Wright LJ, Zuczkowska KA, Devergne O, Hamill DR, Shah HP, Siders J, Taylor EE, Vrailas-Mortimer AD, Kagey JD. Genetic mapping of Uba3 O.2.2 , a pupal lethal mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. MicroPubl Biol 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000542. [PMID: 35622528 PMCID: PMC9012533 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An EMS mutagenesis screen was conducted in
Drosophila melanogaster
to identify growth control mutants. The multi-institution Fly-CURE consortium phenotypically characterized the
O.2.2
mutant using the
FLP/FRT
system which displayed a mutant lethal phenotype with reduced head development, and darkened ocular tissue. Complementation mapping was conducted to identify the affected gene. A failure to complement was identified in
Uba3
, resulting in the identification of the novel allele,
Uba3
O.2.2
.
Uba3
is a known disruptor of the cell cycle and our data are consistent with early larval/embryonic lethality displayed in numerous species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla L Bieser
- Nevada State College
,
Correspondence to: Kayla L Bieser (
)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacob D Kagey
- University of Detroit Mercy
,
Correspondence to: Jacob D Kagey (
)
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3
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Rosenberger K, Simmler M, Langbein J, Keil N, Nawroth C. Performance of goats in a detour and a problem-solving test following long-term cognitive test exposure. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:210656. [PMID: 34703619 PMCID: PMC8527204 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive research in long-lived species commonly involves using the same animals in different experiments. It is unclear whether the participation in cognitive tests can notably alter the performance of individuals in subsequent conceptually different tests. We therefore investigated whether exposure to cognitive tests affects future test performance of goats. We used three treatment groups: goats with long-term exposure to human-presented object-choice tests (for visual discrimination and reversal learning tests + cognitive test battery), goats that were isolated as for the test exposure but received a reward from the experimenter without being administered the object-choice tests, and goats that were isolated but neither received a reward nor were administered the tests. All treatment groups were subsequently tested in two conceptually different cognitive tests, namely a spatial A-not-B detour test and an instrumental problem-solving test. We tested dairy goats, selected for high productivity, and dwarf goats, not selected for production traits, each at the same two research sites. We did not find notable differences between treatments with respect to the goats' detour or problem-solving performance. However, high variation was observed between the research sites, the selection lines, and among individuals, highlighting potential pitfalls of making accurate comparisons of cognitive test performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rosenberger
- Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Agroscope, 8355 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Simmler
- Digital Production Group, Agroscope, 8355 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - J. Langbein
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - N. Keil
- Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Agroscope, 8355 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - C. Nawroth
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Abstract
Contrafreeloading (CFL) is the phenomenon when animals work for a resource although an identical resource is available for free. Possible explanations for CFL are that animals seek context for species-specific behaviours or to control their environments. We investigated whether goats show CFL and whether breeding for productivity traits has altered its occurrence. In a manipulation task, we compared two selection lines: 27 Nigerian dwarf goats, not bred for productivity traits, and 30 dairy goats, bred for high milk yield. Over 10 trials, each goat could perform one of three behaviours: not participating in the trial, feeding for free from an open door, or opening a sliding door for a feed of similar value. The results were analysed using an Item Response Tree (IRTree) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). The fitted probabilities to participate were > 0.87 over all trials in both selection lines. For dwarf goats, the probability of choosing the closed door, and thereby demonstrating CFL, increased from 0.30 in Trial 1 to 0.53 in Trial 10. For dairy goats, this probability was constant at approximately 0.43. Unlike dwarf goats, dairy goats were faster to approach the closed compared to the open door. Overall, our results suggest that both selection lines were similarly interested in CFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenberger
- Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Agroscope, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland. .,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M Simmler
- Digital Production Group, Agroscope, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - C Nawroth
- Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - J Langbein
- Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - N Keil
- Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Agroscope, 8356, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
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Rosenberger K, Costa JHC, Neave HW, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MAG. Corrigendum to "The effect of milk allowance on behavior and weight gains in dairy calves" (J. Dairy Sci. 100:504-512). J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3327. [PMID: 28317599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-100-4-3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rosenberger K, Costa JHC, Neave HW, von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. The effect of milk allowance on behavior and weight gains in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2016; 100:504-512. [PMID: 27865513 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how milk allowance affects body weight gains and behavior before, during, and after weaning in dairy calves. Fifty-six Holstein calves were randomly assigned at 1wk of age to 1 of 4 feeding treatments of whole pasteurized milk: 6, 8, 10, or 12 L/d. Milk allowance was reduced by 50% at d 42, and then reduced by 20% per day starting at d 50, so that calves were completely weaned at d 55. Calves were provided ad libitum access to calf starter and hay. Body weight was measured weekly from 2 to 10wk of age. Milk intake increased with milk allowance as intended, although actual intakes were lower than the treatment allowance (e.g., averaging 5.66±0.19 L on the 6-L treatment and 9.41±0.21 L on the 12-L treatment before weaning). Intake of calf starter was higher for calves that were fed less milk before weaning (averaging 0.25±0.03kg/d and 0.05±0.03kg/d on the 6-L and 12-L treatments, respectively) and also during the weaning period (averaging 1.15±0.13kg/d and 0.54±0.14kg/d on these same treatments), but we observed no effect after weaning. Time spent at the hay feeder did not differ with treatment. Average daily gain was higher for calves that were fed more milk, increasing from 0.77±0.04kg/d with the 6-L treatment to 0.90±0.03kg/d with the 12-L treatment. Before weaning, calves fed less milk engaged in more unrewarded visits to the milk feeder, averaging 11.1±0.73 visits/d with the 6-L treatment and 0.4±0.78 visits/d with the 12-L treatment. During weaning, calves fed less milk still had more unrewarded visits to the milk feeder than calves fed more milk (19.7±1.64 visits/d with the 6-L treatment versus 10.1±1.74 visits/d with the 12-L treatment), but treatments did not differ after weaning. We conclude that higher milk allowances result in weight gain advantages before weaning that can persist beyond weaning, and that the high number of unrewarded visits to the milk feeder by calves that were fed less milk are indicative of persistent hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenberger
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J H C Costa
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - H W Neave
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M A G von Keyserlingk
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D M Weary
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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7
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Grimm C, Marklein B, Rosenberger K, Konthur Z, Burmester G, Skriner K. SAT0043 Inhibitory Potential of Specific Monoclonal Acpas in Two Mouse Subspecies Genetically Separated about One Million Years ago. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Saiote C, Polania R, Rosenberger K, Paulus W, Antal A. PTMS71 Evaluation of the effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on motor learning using fMRI. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Demel F, Rosenberger K, Eichner M, Jänisch T. Ein deterministisches Kompartimentmodell mit vier Serotypen zur Beschreibung der Dynamik von Dengue-Virus-Erkrankungen. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Rosenberger K, Jänisch T, Becher H, Eichner M. Three models of var gene switching in P. falciparum malaria infections. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rosenberger
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
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12
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the interobserver agreement of two grading systems for pelvic organ prolapse: the vaginal profile and the International Continence Society (ICS) draft proposal. Forty-nine consecutive women referred for evaluation of urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse were studied. Patients were first examined by a physician and a nurse clinician using the vaginal profile, followed by an examination according to the technique described in the ICS draft proposal for standardization of terminology (1994). kappa statistic and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine interobserver variability for the ICS system by overall stage, by stage-specific comparison, and by specific anatomic location. The vaginal profile was evaluated by obtaining a kappa for overall degree of prolapse, stage-specific comparison and by anatomic area. The kappa for the ICS stage was 0.79 (P < 0.001), and the kappa for the vaginal profile by area of greatest prolapse was 0.68 (P < 0.001), indicating substantial interobserver agreement for both systems. The ICS system was noted to have substantial interobserver agreement by a stage-specific comparison. All anatomic locations of the ICS staging system were found to correlate significantly, and a high degree of interobserver precision was found. The vaginal profile also showed significant interobserver agreement by overall degree of prolapse, by specific degree of prolapse, and by anatomic area. It was concluded that both the proposed ICS staging system and the traditional vaginal profile show significant interobserver agreement both by overall stage, stage-specific analysis and specific location. The registered nurse examination correlated well with the physician examination, indicating that the most important factor in obtaining reproducible results may be definition and close attention to examination technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Kobak
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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13
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Weiller C, Müllges W, Leibold M, Rosenberger K, Biniek R, Ringelstein B. Infarctions and non-invasive diagnosis in moyamoya disease: two case reports. Neurosurg Rev 1991; 14:75-7. [PMID: 2030833 DOI: 10.1007/bf00338199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An 31-year-old female and a 32-year-old male had clinical signs and angiographical confirmation of adult Moyamoya disease (MMD). Bilateral carotid siphon (C1), middle cerebral artery (M1), and anterior cerebral artery (A1) stenoses were diagnosed by means of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and visualized during angio Magnetic Resonance Imaging (angio-MRI). In the woman, a 'rete mirabile' of dilated and tortuous lenticulostriate arteries could be visualized during proton weighted and T1-weighted MRI sequences. CO2-dependent vasomotor reactivity was bilaterally reduced and completely exhausted in the territory of right middle cerebral artery in both patients. Cerebral perfusion reserve, defined as the ratio of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to cerebral blood volume (CBV) was assessed by SPECT, and was found to be dramatically reduced in the anterior region of the male patient. Both patients had bilateral small subcortical infarctions in the corona radiata. TCD and MRI are important noninvasive techniques for a preliminary diagnosis of Moyamoya disease. Infarctions in Moyamoya disease may be hemodynamically produced low-flow infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weiller
- Department of Neurology, Neuroradiology, Rhenish Westphalian Technical University Aachen, Fed. Rep. of Germany
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14
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Rosenberger K, Mousavi G. [Antidromic sensory conduction of the median nerve from palm to wrist. - Findings in normal subjects and in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (author's transl)]. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 1978; 9:161-6. [PMID: 100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Rosenberger K. [Myasthenic reactions during penicillin therapy]. Med Welt 1978; 29:976-8. [PMID: 661546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Rosenberger K, Winter H, Adams AE. [Initiation of myasthentic reactions by means of d-penicillamine (author's transl1]. Nervenarzt 1978; 49:277-81. [PMID: 673084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
At the age of 42 Lothar H. suffered a left-sided ischaemic brain lesion with transient aphasia, followed at the age of 49 by a right-sided ischemic infarction, which caused a continuous inability to understand spoken language and to identify tones and noises. He was still able to discriminate between single qualities of pure tones. The ERA-results showed the central acoustic pathways of the brain-stem to be intact. The occurrence of cortical deafness following bilateral lesions of the acoustic cortex and adjoining cortical centres supports the view that human auditory recognition is represented in both temporoparietal areas.
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Rosenberger K. [Vascular polyneuropathy in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb 1977; 45:536-44. [PMID: 21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Rosenberger K, Bittenbring G. [Antidromic sensory action potentials of the median and ulnar nerve.--Normal value and discussion of methodology (author's transl)]. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 1976; 7:133-9. [PMID: 829058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The sensory conduction velocities of the median and ulnar nerve and the amplitudes of the evoked nerve action potentials were measured and evaluated statistically in 116 healthy subjects with the antidromic technique. Both conduction times and amplitudes were correlated to age and to the nerve segment studied (finger--wrist or wrist--elbow). Moreover amplitudes varied with the distance between the recording electrodes; in spite of their great interindividual differences they may be of diagnostic help. In clinical electrophysiology this method is useful in revealing especially minor injuries of the brachial nerves and plexus with little or no involvement of the motor fibres. In such cases the antidromic action potentials can be registered quickly, reliably and nearly painless. The orthodromic technique is much more complicated, an averager or some other technical supplement often is necessary for recording clearly visible potentials, because the amplitudes are lower. On the other hand, orthodromic potentials may still detectable with an averager in severe nerve lesions where antidromic potentials are absent.
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20
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Rosenberger K. [Hepatocerebral degeneration (Wilson's disease). Demonstration of the clinical picture and demonstration of own case]. Nervenarzt 1973; 44:484-7. [PMID: 4750027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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