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Singer SD, Burton Hughes K, Subedi U, Dhariwal GK, Kader K, Acharya S, Chen G, Hannoufa A. The CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Modulation of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 in Alfalfa Leads to Distinct Phenotypic Outcomes. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:774146. [PMID: 35095953 PMCID: PMC8793889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.774146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most widely grown perennial leguminous forage and is an essential component of the livestock industry. Previously, the RNAi-mediated down-regulation of alfalfa SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 (MsSPL8) was found to lead to increased branching, regrowth and biomass, as well as enhanced drought tolerance. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the function of MsSPL8 in alfalfa using CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations in this gene. We successfully generated alfalfa genotypes with small insertions/deletions (indels) at the target site in up to three of four MsSPL8 alleles in the first generation. The efficiency of editing appeared to be tightly linked to the particular gRNA used. The resulting genotypes displayed consistent morphological alterations, even with the presence of up to two wild-type MsSPL8 alleles, including reduced leaf size and early flowering. Other phenotypic effects appeared to be dependent upon mutational dosage, with those plants with the highest number of mutated MsSPL8 alleles also exhibiting significant decreases in internode length, plant height, shoot and root biomass, and root length. Furthermore, MsSPL8 mutants displayed improvements in their ability to withstand water-deficit compared to empty vector control genotypes. Taken together, our findings suggest that allelic mutational dosage can elicit phenotypic gradients in alfalfa, and discrepancies may exist in terms of MsSPL8 function between alfalfa genotypes, growth conditions, or specific alleles. In addition, our results provide the foundation for further research exploring drought tolerance mechanisms in a forage crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kimberley Burton Hughes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Udaya Subedi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kazi Kader
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Surya Acharya
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada
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Singer SD, Subedi U, Lehmann M, Burton Hughes K, Feyissa BA, Hannoufa A, Shan B, Chen G, Kader K, Ortega Polo R, Schwinghamer T, Kaur Dhariwal G, Acharya S. Identification of Differential Drought Response Mechanisms in Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and falcata through Comparative Assessments at the Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Levels. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10102107. [PMID: 34685916 PMCID: PMC8539336 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an extensively grown perennial forage legume, and although it is relatively drought tolerant, it consumes high amounts of water and depends upon irrigation in many regions. Given the progressive decline in water available for irrigation, as well as an escalation in climate change-related droughts, there is a critical need to develop alfalfa cultivars with improved drought resilience. M. sativa subsp. falcata is a close relative of the predominantly cultivated M. sativa subsp. sativa, and certain accessions have been demonstrated to exhibit superior performance under drought. As such, we endeavoured to carry out comparative physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic evaluations of an as of yet unstudied drought-tolerant M. sativa subsp. falcata accession (PI 641381) and a relatively drought-susceptible M. sativa subsp. sativa cultivar (Beaver) to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the enhanced ability of falcata to withstand water deficiency. Our findings indicate that unlike the small number of falcata genotypes assessed previously, falcata PI 641381 may exploit smaller, thicker leaves, as well as an increase in the baseline transcriptional levels of genes encoding particular transcription factors, protective proteins, and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of stress-related compounds. These findings imply that different falcata accessions/genotypes may employ distinct drought response mechanisms, and the study provides a suite of candidate genes to facilitate the breeding of alfalfa with enhanced drought resilience in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-317-3386
| | - Udaya Subedi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (B.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Madeline Lehmann
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Kimberley Burton Hughes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Biruk A. Feyissa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (B.A.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada; (B.A.F.); (A.H.)
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (B.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (B.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Kazi Kader
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Timothy Schwinghamer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Surya Acharya
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (U.S.); (M.L.); (K.B.H.); (K.K.); (R.O.P.); (T.S.); (G.K.D.); (S.A.)
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Nelson T, Deka R, Nalawade V, Chen Q, Courtney P, Salans M, Cherry D, Luterstein E, Parsons J, Kader K, Stewart T, Mell L, Murphy J, Rose B. Association of PSA Velocity with Disease Progression and Metastases in Men with Low Risk Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sarkar R, Bryant A, Kader K, Mckay R, Einck J, Mundt A, Kane C, Parsons J, Murphy J, Rose B. Association Between Finasteride use Prior to Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Prostate Cancer-Specific Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bryant A, Kader K, Mckay R, Einck J, Parsons J, Kane C, Mundt A, Murphy J, Rose B. Influence of Age on Treatment Outcomes in Intermediate or High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Burkeen J, Hopper A, Sandhu A, Moiseenko V, Mundt A, Kane C, Parsons J, Derweesh I, Kader K, Einck J. Improving Toxicity Profiles with Dose-Escalated Image-Guided Radiation Therapy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spies G, Kader K, Kidd M, Smit J, Myer L, Stein DJ, Seedat S. Validity of the K-10 in detecting DSM-IV-defined depression and anxiety disorders among HIV-infected individuals. AIDS Care 2010; 21:1163-8. [PMID: 20024776 DOI: 10.1080/09540120902729965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that an HIV diagnosis may increase the likelihood of mental disorders among infected individuals and that the progression of HIV may be hastened by mental disorders like anxiety and depression. Therefore, a brief screening measure, with good sensitivity/specificity for psychiatric diagnoses that could be given to HIV-infected individuals would be useful. We assessed the validity of the K-10, using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the gold standard, in a sample of 429 HIV-infected adults enrolled in HIV care and treatment services near Cape Town, South Africa. There was significant agreement between the K-10 and the MINI-defined depressive and anxiety disorders. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that the K-10 showed agreeable sensitivity and specificity in detecting depression (area under the ROC curve, 0.77), generalized anxiety disorder (0.78), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (0.77). The K-10 may be a useful screening measure for detecting mood and anxiety disorders, including PTSD, in patients with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spies
- South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI), PTSD program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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Buchbinder SS, Gurell DS, Tarlow MM, Salvatore M, Suhrland MJ, Kader K. Role of US-guided fine-needle aspiration with on-site cytopathologic evaluation in management of nonpalpable breast lesions. Acad Radiol 2001; 8:322-7. [PMID: 11293780 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA), with radiographic follow-up or surgical excision, in conjunction with on-site cytopathologic support in the management of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The findings of 266 consecutive mammographically or sonographically identified, nonpalpable lesions (228 patients) that underwent US-guided FNA were examined retrospectively. Clustered microcalcifications did not undergo biopsy with this method. Patients who underwent follow-up excisional biopsy or mammography with a duration of at least 24 months were included in the study. RESULTS In all, 117 lesions met criteria for inclusion, of which 85 (73%) were diagnosed as benign at cytopathologic evaluation and underwent mammographic follow-up of at least 24 months (range, 24-67 months; mean, 36 months). Thirty-two lesions (27%) had either malignant or atypical cytopathologic findings, for which surgery was recommended. Eleven (9%) of the 32 had malignant cytopathologic findings from initial US-guided FNA, which were confirmed at surgical excision. The remaining 21 lesions (18%) were diagnosed as atypical on the basis of US-guided FNA results. Of these, 18 lesions underwent excisional biopsy: Two were diagnosed as carcinoma (not otherwise specified), and 16 were diagnosed with a variety of benign disorders. The remaining three patients with atypical lesions chose mammographic follow-up rather than surgical diagnosis, and their conditions have remained stable for more than 24 months. Of the 85 benign cases, one changed during follow-up (12 months) and underwent repeat biopsy, with malignancy noted. The sensitivity of US-guided FNA in identifying malignant lesions was 93% (13 of 14), and the specificity of a benign finding was 100% (102 of 102). The positive and negative predictive values of US-guided FNA supported by on-site cytopathologic evaluation were 100% (13 of 13) and 99% (102 of 103), respectively. CONCLUSION Supported by appropriately trained on-site cytopathologists and in conjunction with follow-up mammography, US-guided FNA appears to be efficacious in the management of patients with abnormal radiographic findings. It is quick, relatively inexpensive, and minimally invasive, and, in the presence of competent cytopathologists, should be the modality of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Buchbinder
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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