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Badenoch T, Benton K, Jacobs E, Law S, Ahmed M, Curtis A, Everett S, Hunter I, Bamford R. 977 Breaking Out of Tradition: Designing Escape Rooms as Novel Simulation. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The emerging field of gamification, the addition of game play elements to non-game settings, is widely used in business and is increasingly being used in education. Successful methods have included live leader boards and a web-based game solving a protein folding conundrum.
Method
We designed an escape room (ER), incorporating gaming elements, focussing on communication in a surgical environment. A cross over study was delivered to 4th year medical students, comparing traditional simulation. The ER included logic puzzles, hidden clues, padlocked boxes, and surgical skills appropriate to their level. Self-reported engagement and teamwork were recorded, as was observed teamwork and communication skills.
Results
Self-reported engagement was very high for the students compared to more traditional simulation, including better understanding of effective communication strategies. The ER group were less likely to self-identify learning points but structured debrief mitigated this difference.
Conclusions
Gamification techniques can be integrated with good engagement and educational outcomes and should be considered as an adjunct to existing simulation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Badenoch
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - K Benton
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - E Jacobs
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - S Law
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmed
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - A Curtis
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - S Everett
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - I Hunter
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - R Bamford
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
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2
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Badenoch T, Benton K, Jacobs E, Curtis A, Law S, Everett S, Ahmed M, Hunter I, Bamford R. 971 Gamification of Education; Can Playable Education Result in Better Learning Outcomes? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Combining traditional simulation (TS) and the emerging field of gamification, to create medical Escape Rooms (ERS) has been used in Nursing to good results but is yet to be widely adopted in medical education. We conducted a pilot study to create ERS for undergraduates to assess their educational value.
Method
Existing Simulation themes of sepsis, post-operative bleeding, trauma, burns and communication in the theatre environment were developed into Escape Rooms by a multidisciplinary team. A cross over study for 4th year students was carried out. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the experience, learning assessed by pre and post quiz and observational tools for teamwork, communication and leadership were utilised.
Results
Qualitative data demonstrated overall good feedback on enjoyment an engagement. Quantitative data collected as pre- and post-exposure learning demonstrated equivocal benefit. Self-assessed teamwork showed equal in all domains and improved in contribution of knowledge and maintaining team focus on the ER group.
Conclusions
Participants find ER enjoyable have similar educational benefits of traditional simulation with the benefits on enhancing non-technical skills amongst a novice group. Escape rooms may be useful as an adjunct to TS particularly at developing non-technical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Badenoch
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - K Benton
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - E Jacobs
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - A Curtis
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - S Law
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - S Everett
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmed
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - I Hunter
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
| | - R Bamford
- Musgrove Park Hospital , Taunton , United Kingdom
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3
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Dorsam GP, Benton K, Failing J, Batra S. Vasoactive intestinal peptide signaling axis in human leukemia. World J Biol Chem 2011; 2:146-60. [PMID: 21765981 PMCID: PMC3135862 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v2.i6.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling axis constitutes a master “communication coordinator” between cells of the nervous and immune systems. To date, VIP and its two main receptors expressed in T lymphocytes, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC)1 and VPAC2, mediate critical cellular functions regulating adaptive immunity, including arresting CD4 T cells in G1 of the cell cycle, protection from apoptosis and a potent chemotactic recruiter of T cells to the mucosa associated lymphoid compartment of the gastrointestinal tissues. Since the discovery of VIP in 1970, followed by the cloning of VPAC1 and VPAC2 in the early 1990s, this signaling axis has been associated with common human cancers, including leukemia. This review highlights the present day knowledge of the VIP ligand and its receptor expression profile in T cell leukemia and cell lines. Also, there will be a discussion describing how the anti-leukemic DNA binding transcription factor, Ikaros, regulates VIP receptor expression in primary human CD4 T lymphocytes and T cell lymphoblastic cell lines (e.g. Hut-78). Lastly, future goals will be mentioned that are expected to uncover the role of how the VIP signaling axis contributes to human leukemogenesis, and to establish whether the VIP receptor signature expressed by leukemic blasts can provide therapeutic and/or diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Paul Dorsam
- Glenn Paul Dorsam, Keith Benton, Jarrett Failing, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Protease Research, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, United States
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4
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Van der Steen T, Hermann R, Benton K, Dorsam G. VPAC1 Signaling Blocks Ikaros Degradation by a PKA Dependent Mechanism in Activated HuT‐78 Cells. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.855.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Van der Steen
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- Center for Protease ResearchNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- Center for Protease ResearchNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Keith Benton
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- Center for Protease ResearchNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- Center for Protease ResearchNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
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5
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Binswanger IA, O'Brien K, Benton K, Gardner EM, Hirsh JM, Felton S, Belknap R. Tuberculosis testing in correctional officers: a national random survey of jails in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010; 14:464-470. [PMID: 20202305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING The correctional system in the United States is large and growing. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend baseline and annual testing of employees in correctional facilities for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). OBJECTIVE To describe the extent of and factors associated with LTBI testing practices for jail correctional officers. DESIGN A national survey of 1760 randomly selected jails was conducted. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine factors associated with testing officers in a guideline-concordant manner and having a written policy. RESULTS A total of 1174 (67%) surveys were returned. Only 52% of jails had a written policy on LTBI testing of officers, and 51% screened officers at least annually (guideline concordance). Large jails (OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.67-3.49) and jails in states with a high tuberculosis incidence (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.17-2.38) and in the Midwest (OR 1.58, 95%CI 1.07-2.33) were more likely to screen in a guideline-concordant manner. CONCLUSION Screening for LTBI among correctional officers in the United States was inconsistent. Strategies to improve LTBI testing among correctional officers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Binswanger
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Division of Substance Dependence, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045,USA.
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6
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Bakke DS, Benton K, Hermann R, Dorsam G, Bakke D. Inhibition of Notch is Directly Correlated with VPAC Repression in HT‐29 Colon Carcinoma Cells. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.833.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danika Sue Bakke
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Keith Benton
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Danika Bakke
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
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7
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Nelson AM, Benton K, Hermann R, Van der Steen T, Dorsam G. An Inhibitor Against CKII Phosphorylation Downregulates VPAC1 Expression in HuT‐78 Cells. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.864.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Benton
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorthDakots State UniversityFargoND
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorthDakots State UniversityFargoND
| | | | - Glenn Dorsam
- Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNorthDakots State UniversityFargoND
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8
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Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Hermann RJ, Palmer MF, Benton K, Dorsam S, Dorsam GP, Dorsam GP. TCR signaling and environment affect vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1) expression in primary mouse CD4 T cells. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:1032-1040. [PMID: 18534815 PMCID: PMC2771562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict regulation of T cell function is imperative to control adaptive immunity, and dysregulation of T cell activation can contribute to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1), an anti-inflammatory G-protein coupled receptor, has been reported to be downregulated during T cell activation. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of VPAC-1 in T cells are not well understood. Therefore, mouse splenic CD4 T cells were treated in complete media+/-anti-CD3 for 24h, total RNA isolated and VPAC-1 levels measured by qPCR. Surprisingly, we discovered that T cells incubated in complete media steadily upregulated VPAC-1 mRNA levels over time (24h). Importantly, CD4 T cells isolated from blood also showed elevated VPAC-1 expression compared to splenic T cells. Collectively, these data support that the vascular environment positively influences VPAC-1 mRNA expression that is negatively regulated by TCR signaling. This research was supported by a national service award (1KO1 DK064828) to G.D., the Center for Protease Research (2P20RR015566), and INBRE (P20 RR016741).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie E. Vomhof-DeKrey
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Rebecca J. Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Megan F. Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Keith Benton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Glenn Paul Dorsam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for Protease Research, North Dakota State University, Room 320, IACC Building, 1320 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
| | - Glenn Paul Dorsam
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for Protease Research, North Dakota State University, Room 320, IACC Building, 1320 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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9
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Vomhof‐DeKrey EE, Hermann R, Benton K, Dorsam S, Dorsam G. T cell engagement downregulates vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor‐1 by a JNK MAPK dependent mechanism in primary, murine CD4 T cells. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1064.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Chemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Keith Benton
- Chemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Chemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Chemistry and Molecular BiologyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoND
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10
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Sarkar NR, Rosendahl T, Krueger AB, Banerjee AL, Benton K, Mallik S, Srivastava DK. "Uncorking" of liposomes by matrix metalloproteinase-9. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:999-1001. [PMID: 15719095 DOI: 10.1039/b416827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A triggered release methodology of liposomal contents via the enzyme MMP-9 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar R Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
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11
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Chaix A, Benton K, Buchanan H. MBC / UNAIDS / SPC Pacific Islands AIDS / STD strategic planning. Project update. Pac AIDS Alert Bull 2002:8-11. [PMID: 12349394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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12
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Kokai-Kun JF, Benton K, Wieckowski EU, McClane BA. Identification of a Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin region required for large complex formation and cytotoxicity by random mutagenesis. Infect Immun 1999; 67:5634-41. [PMID: 10531210 PMCID: PMC96936 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.11.5634-5641.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a single polypeptide of 319 amino acids, has a unique multistep mechanism of action. In the first step, CPE binds to claudin proteins and/or a 50-kDa eukaryotic membrane protein receptor, forming a small ( approximately 90-kDa) complex. This small complex apparently then associates with a 70-kDa eukaryotic membrane protein, resulting in formation of a large complex that induces the onset of membrane permeability alterations. To better define the boundaries of CPE functional regions and to identify specific amino acid residues involved in various steps of CPE action, in this study we subjected the cloned cpe gene to random mutagenesis in XL-1 Red strains of Escherichia coli. Seven CPE random mutants with reduced cytotoxicity for Vero cells were phenotypically characterized for the ability to complete each step in CPE action. Five of these seven recombinant CPE (rCPE) random mutants (G49D, S59L, R116S, R137G, and S167P) exhibited binding characteristics similar to those of rCPE or native CPE, while the Y310C and W226Stop mutants showed reduced binding and no binding, respectively, to brush border membranes. Interestingly, two completely nontoxic mutants (G49D and S59L) were able to bind and form small complex but they did not mediate any detectable large complex formation. Another strongly attenuated mutant, R116S, formed reduced amounts of an anomalously migrating large complex. Collectively, these results provide further support for large complex formation being an essential step in CPE action and also identify the CPE region ranging from residues approximately 45 to 116 as important for large complex formation. Finally, we also report that limited removal of extreme N-terminal CPE sequences, which may occur in vivo during disease, stimulates cytotoxic activity by enhancing large complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Kokai-Kun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact on men's liking for the condoms they use of a range of factors including demographic variables and variables that describe men's experience of using particular condoms. One hundred and ninety-four men used 3765 condoms for which they provided a liking rating. The condoms were manufactured to one of 2 published standards and the study employed a double-blind crossover design. Sixty-one per cent of condoms were rated favourably, 31% were rated neutrally and the remainder (8%) unfavourably. Men rated condoms less favourably if they were experienced as too loose, too tight, too short, if difficulty was experienced applying the condom, if the condom slipped partially or completely down the penis or if the condom broke. Men rated more highly condoms which were experienced as well lubricated throughout use. Men with larger penises rated condoms less favourably and, of all the variables considered, ejaculating in the condom was the variable which had the largest positive impact. Men's liking for the condoms they use is influenced by a range of factors. However, given that most of the factors associated with men liking condoms less are those that can be addressed through better condom design and manufacture, the opportunity exists to enhance men's experience of condom use and hence help reduce resistance to the adoption of consistent condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Centre for Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Abstract
This study examined the effect of penis dimensions on the probability of complete condom slippage and condom breakage in actual use. Men were recruited through advertising, used the condoms supplied and completed a diary sheet for each condom used. A total of 3658 condoms were used by 184 men of which 1.34% broke and 2.05% slipped off. No significant effect was demonstrated for penile dimensions on the probability of complete condom slippage. However, condom breakage was strongly associated with penile circumference. These findings suggest that condom manufacturers may need to increase the range of condom sizes available, or some aspects of their performance, in order to ensure that condoms meet the needs of all men without unduly exposing them to risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Centre for Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Abstract
The risk of condom slippage (1.94%) and breakage (0.89%) among 3607 condoms was analysed with respect to the use of additional lubricant. Whether or not lubricant was used, the site at which it was applied and the type of lubricant used were all found to vary significantly with the type of sexual act(s) for which the condoms were used. Little evidence was found for differing effects of type of additional lubricant (water-based, saliva or other) or site of lubricant use (on penis/inside condom, on condom, in vagina/anus). The use of lubricant more than doubles the risk of slippage for vaginal sex. While anal sex is associated with much higher risks of slippage the use of lubricant for this practice actually reduces the risk of slippage to that similar for vaginal sex where lubricant is used. No significant effect of additional lubricant on condom breakage was observed. It is recommended that education messages concerning the use of additional lubricant may need to change to take into account the varied nature of lubricant use practices and the differential effects of lubricant with respect to sexual practices. Specifically, if the use of additional lubricant has little or no impact on condom breakage but increases condom slippage then encouraging its use may be counterproductive if condom users consider slippage to be a reason not to use condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Centre for Study of Sexually Transmissible Diseases, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Swiatlo E, Benton K, Briles DE. Pneumococcal vaccine response in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:777-8. [PMID: 8627053 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.3.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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