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Zhu Y, Binder J, Yurgelonis I, Rai DK, Lazarro S, Costales C, Kobylarz K, McMonagle P, Steppan CM, Aschenbrenner L, Anderson AS, Cardin RD. Generation of a VeroE6 Pgp gene knock out cell line and its use in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral study. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105429. [PMID: 36208677 PMCID: PMC9533647 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vero cells are widely used for antiviral tests and virology research for SARS-CoV-2 as well as viruses from various other families. However, Vero cells generally express high levels of multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1) or Pgp protein, the efflux transporter of foreign substances including many antiviral compounds, affecting the antiviral activity as well as interpretation of data. To address this, a Pgp gene knockout VeroE6 cell line (VeroE6-Pgp-KO) was generated using CRISPR-CAS9 technology. These cells no longer expressed the Pgp protein as indicated by flow cytometry analysis following staining with a Pgp-specific monoclonal antibody. They also showed significantly reduced efflux transporter activity in the calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein AM) assay. The VeroE6-Pgp-KO cells and the parental VeroE6 cells were each infected with SARS-CoV-2 to test antiviral activities of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir, two known Pgp substrates, in the presence or absence of a Pgp inhibitor. The compounds showed antiviral activities in VeroE6-Pgp-KO cells similar to that observed in the presence of the Pgp inhibitor. Thus, the newly established VeroE6-Pgp-KO cell line adds a new in vitro virus infection system for SARS-CoV-2 and possibly other viruses to test antiviral therapies without a need to control the Pgp activity. Removal of the Pgp inhibitor for antiviral assays will lead to less data variation and prevent failed assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuao Zhu
- Pfizer Inc, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Joe Binder
- Pfizer Inc, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | | | - Devendra K. Rai
- Pfizer Inc, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
| | - Sarah Lazarro
- Pfizer Inc, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, CT, 06333, USA
| | | | - Keith Kobylarz
- Pfizer Inc, 401 N Middletown Rd, Pearl River, NY, 10965, USA
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Maresca KP, Chen J, Mathur D, Giddabasappa A, Root A, Narula J, King L, Schaer D, Golas J, Kobylarz K, Rosfjord E, Keliher E, Chen L, Ram S, Pickering EH, Hardwick JS, Rejto PA, Hussein A, Ilovich O, Staton K, Wilson I, McCarthy TJ. Preclinical Evaluation of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C PET as an Imaging Biomarker for the Development of the GUCY2C-CD3 Bispecific PF-07062119 as a T Cell Engaging Therapy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:941-951. [PMID: 34143379 PMCID: PMC8578158 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A sensitive and specific imaging biomarker to monitor immune activation and quantify pharmacodynamic responses would be useful for development of immunomodulating anti-cancer agents. PF-07062119 is a T cell engaging bispecific antibody that binds to CD3 and guanylyl cyclase C, a protein that is over-expressed by colorectal cancers. Here, we used 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C (89Zr-Df-Crefmirlimab), a human CD8-specific minibody to monitor CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors by positron emission tomography. We investigated the ability of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C to track anti-tumor activity induced by PF-07062119 in a human CRC adoptive transfer mouse model (with injected activated/expanded human T cells), as well as the correlation of tumor radiotracer uptake with CD8+ immunohistochemical staining. Procedures NOD SCID gamma mice bearing human CRC LS1034 tumors were treated with four different doses of PF-07062119, or a non-targeted CD3 BsAb control, and imaged with 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C PET at days 4 and 9. Following PET/CT imaging, mice were euthanized and dissected for ex vivo distribution analysis of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C in tissues on days 4 and 9, with additional data collected on day 6 (supplementary). Data were analyzed and reported as standard uptake value and %ID/g for in vivo imaging and ex vivo tissue distribution. In addition, tumor tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for CD8+ T cells. Results The results demonstrated substantial mean uptake of 89Zr-Df-IAB22M2C (%ID/g) in PF-07062119-treated tumors, with significant increases in comparison to non-targeted BsAb-treated controls, as well as PF-07062119 dose-dependent responses over time of treatment. A moderate correlation was observed between tumor tissue radioactivity uptake and CD8+ cell density, demonstrating the value of the imaging agent for non-invasive assessment of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and the mechanism of action for PF-07062119. Conclusion Immune-imaging technologies for quantitative cellular measures would be a valuable biomarker in immunotherapeutic clinical development. We demonstrated a qualification of 89Zr-IAB22M2C PET to evaluate PD responses (mice) to a novel immunotherapeutic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11307-021-01621-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Maresca
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA.
| | - Jianqing Chen
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Divya Mathur
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA.,Regneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Adam Root
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA.,Generate Biomedicines, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jatin Narula
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Lindsay King
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - David Schaer
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Golas
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA.,Regneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Keith Kobylarz
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Edward Rosfjord
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA.,Black Diamond Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmund Keliher
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Laigao Chen
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Sripad Ram
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Eve H Pickering
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - James S Hardwick
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Rejto
- Worldwide Research, Development & Medicine, Pfizer Inc, New York, USA
| | | | - Ohad Ilovich
- Invicro, A Konica Minolta Company, New Haven, USA
| | - Kevin Staton
- Evergreen Theragnostics, Jersey City, NJ, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mathur D, Root A, Bugaj-Gaweda B, Tan X, Fang W, Bisulco S, Golas J, Fernandez D, Kearney J, Upeslacis E, Yao J, Rosfjord E, Stevens C, Kobylarz K, King L, Narula J, Kelleher K, Schaer D, Kamperschroer C, Buetow B, Rohde C, Moreau A, Wong G, Sapra P. Abstract 2283: A novel GUCY2C - CD3 bispecific engages T cells to induce cytotoxicity in gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC) remain an area of high unmet need. Here we demonstrate tumor selective and potent in vitro and in vivo efficacy with PF-07062119, a novel T cell engaging CD3 bispecific against tumors expressing the Guanylyl Cyclase C (GUCY2C) receptor, a target expressed in more than 90% of CRC, and in other gastrointestinal cancers. Additionally, to address immune evasion mechanisms, combinations of the GUCY2C-CD3 bispecific are explored with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, as well as with chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic agents that could enhance immune infiltration into tumors. Our preclinical in vivo data demonstrate that GUCY2C-positive tumors can be targeted with an anti-GUCY2C/anti-CD3ϵ bispecific, with selective drug biodistribution to tumors. PF-07062119 showed potent T cell mediated anti-tumor activity in several human xenograft models of CRC, using adoptive transfer of human T cells, including those with KRAS and BRAF mutations, as well as in models with syngeneic tumors in immunocompetent human CD3 transgenic mice. PF-07062119 activity was further enhanced when combined with anti PD-1/PD-L1 treatment or in combination with chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic therapy. A combination of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and CyTOF analyses was used to demonstrate the mechanism of action of PF-07062119 in single agent and combination studies in vivo. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies were done in cynomolgus macaques and indicated a monitorable and manageable toxicity profile. These data highlight the potential for PF-07062119 to demonstrate efficacy and improve patient outcomes in CRC and other gastrointestinal malignancies. A clinical Phase I study has been initiated in patients with CRC, gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas (NCT04171141).
Citation Format: Divya Mathur, Adam Root, Bozena Bugaj-Gaweda, Xingzhi Tan, Wei Fang, Stephanie Bisulco, Jonathan Golas, Diane Fernandez, Jessica Kearney, Eric Upeslacis, Johnny Yao, Edward Rosfjord, Chad Stevens, Keith Kobylarz, Lindsay King, Jatin Narula, Kerry Kelleher, David Schaer, Cris Kamperschroer, Bernard Buetow, Cynthia Rohde, Allison Moreau, Gilbert Wong, Puja Sapra. A novel GUCY2C - CD3 bispecific engages T cells to induce cytotoxicity in gastrointestinal tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2283.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Fang
- 1Pfizer Oncology, Pearl River, NY
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Kościelniak-Merak B, Batko I, Sztefko K, Kobylarz K, Tomasik P. Serum levels of endogenous opioids in children during multimodal anesthesia. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Harbi S, Wang R, Gregory M, Hanson N, Kobylarz K, Ryan K, Deng Y, Lopez P, Chiriboga L, Mignatti P. Infantile Hemangioma Originates From A Dysregulated But Not Fully Transformed Multipotent Stem Cell. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35811. [PMID: 27786256 PMCID: PMC5081534 DOI: 10.1038/srep35811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor of infancy. Its cellular origin and biological signals for uncontrolled growth are poorly understood, and specific pharmacological treatment is unavailable. To understand the process of hemangioma-genesis we characterized the progenitor hemangioma-derived stem cell (HemSC) and its lineage and non-lineage derivatives. For this purpose we performed a high-throughput (HT) phenotypic and gene expression analysis of HemSCs, and analyzed HemSC-derived tumorspheres. We found that IH is characterized by high expression of genes involved in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and associated signaling pathways. These results show that IH derives from a dysregulated stem cell that remains in an immature, arrested stage of development. The potential biomarkers we identified can afford the development of diagnostic tools and precision-medicine therapies to "rewire" or redirect cellular transitions at an early stage, such as signaling pathways or immune response modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Harbi
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- VasculoTox Inc., New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael Gregory
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nicole Hanson
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Keith Kobylarz
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- Pfizer Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Kamilah Ryan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter Lopez
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paolo Mignatti
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016, USA
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Mulhall JP, Verma N, Deveci S, Tal R, Kobylarz K, Müller A. Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function after castration in a rat model. BJU Int 2013; 113:656-61. [PMID: 23773301 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TAKE HOME MESSAGE The administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor commencing at the time of castration might preserve erectile function. OBJECTIVE To determine if sildenafil citrate treatment could improve erectile function after castration. To determine if sildenafil citrate treatment reduces collagenisation and apoptosis in erectile tissue after castration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were studied; the rats were divided into the following groups: sham - no orchidectomy (S), control - orchidectomy only (O) and treatment - orchidectomy plus sildenafil treatment (V), with 10 rats per group. Erectile haemodynamics assessment was done at 7 days (S7, O7, V7) and at 28 days (S28, O28, V28) yielding a total of six groupings. Functional assessment measured the mean maximum intracavernosal pressure-mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio. TUNEL assay was used to define apoptotic indices (AIs) and Masson's trichrome staining was used to evaluate smooth muscle-collagen (SM-C) ratios. RESULTS The S28 group had the highest and the O7 group the lowest ICP/MAP ratio, at a mean (sd) of 70 (6)% and 36 (6)%, respectively. Both treatment groups, V7 [42 (12)%] and V28 [49 (13)%] showed statistically significant improvements over their corresponding control groups: O7 [36 (6)%] and O28 [37 (9)%] (P < 0.05). However, ICP/MAP values for V7 and V28 remained significantly below the S28 group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in ICP/MAP values between the 28-day and 7-day ICP/MAP ratios within each group (S, O, V). There were no significant differences in SM-C ratio between the O and V groups (O7 vs V7, P = 0.45; O28 vs V28, P = 0.16). There were no significant differences in AIs between the O and V groups (O7 vs V7, P = 0.54; O28 vs V28, P = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS Daily treatment with sildenafil improved erectile function in rats after castration. ICP/MAP ratios increased significantly in the treatment groups compared with the control groups with the greatest erectile function occurring 28 days from administration. In this series of experiments the improved erectile function recovery with sildenafil after surgical castration cannot be explained by smooth muscle protection and decreased collagenisation. The improved erectile function with sildenafil after surgical castration cannot be explained by reduced apoptosis in erectile tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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Kantorowicz S, Kobylarz K, Wojciechowski P. Bleomycin sclerotherapy for extensive lympho-venous malformation. a retrospective analysis of a patient's death. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2011; 21:134-6. [PMID: 20669095 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kantorowicz
- Jagioellonian University, Pediatric Surgery, Kraków, Poland
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Mulhall JP, Barnas J, Kobylarz K, Mueller A. p53-Associated Parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (Parc) short-interfering RNA (siRNA) alters p53 location and biology of Peyronie's disease fibroblasts. BJU Int 2011; 106:1706-13. [PMID: 21078039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE • To evaluate the impact of p53-associated Parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (Parc) short-interfering RNA (siRNA) on the location of p53 as well as the biology of Peyronie's disease (PD) plaque-derived fibroblasts after Parc knockdown. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Plaque tissue was excised from men with stable PD undergoing penile reconstructive surgery and used to produce cultured PD plaque-derived fibroblasts. • Immunofluorescence (IF) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were then used to define the location of p53 and Parc before and after siRNA. • Nuclear fractionation studies were used to assess the chronology of translocation of p53 from cytoplasm to nucleus on Parc knockdown. • The terminal transferase dUTP Nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to assess the apoptotic indices of the PD fibroblasts after Parc knockdown. RESULTS • IF and PCR showed high cytoplasmic levels of p53 and Parc before siRNA. On IF, there was little or no p53 present within the nucleus before Parc knockdown. • After Parc siRNA, IF showed translocation of p53 to the fibroblast nucleus, while Parc levels dropped significantly, but what Parc remained was confined to the cytoplasm with none present in the nucleus. • Nuclear fractionation studies using RT-PCR confirmed this translocation phenomenon and showed the chronology of the event. All p53 had moved from the cytoplasm to the nucleus within 16 h of Parc siRNA. • On TUNEL assay, apoptotic indices increased dramatically after Parc siRNA. CONCLUSIONS • These data prove that Parc is a cytoplasmic anchor for p53 in PD plaque-derived fibroblasts and may be the primary cause of the stabilization and defunctionalization of p53 in these cells. • These findings support Parc as a novel target for PD pharmacotherapy, perhaps using human siRNA technologies once commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Mulhall JP, Müller A, Donohue JF, Golijanin D, Tal R, Akin-Olugbade Y, Kobylarz K, Cohen-Gould L, Bennett NE, Scardino P. FK506 and Erectile Function Preservation in the Cavernous Nerve Injury Model: Optimal Dosing and Timing. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1334-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mueller A, Kobylarz K, Mulhall JP. PROFILING OF THE APOPTOSIS PATHWAYS IN ERECTILE TISSUE FOLLOWING CAVERNOUS NERVE INJURY. J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(08)60666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Muller A, De Lorenzo M, Kobylarz K, Dannenberg A, Mulhall JP. THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VIVO MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING-ASSOCIATED ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION. J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(08)60818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mulhall JP, Müller A, Donohue JF, Mullerad M, Kobylarz K, Paduch DA, Tal R, Li PS, Cohen-Gould L, Scardino PT. The functional and structural consequences of cavernous nerve injury are ameliorated by sildenafil citrate. J Sex Med 2008; 5:1126-1136. [PMID: 18331274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). A single, placebo-controlled, human study has assessed the effects of regular sildenafil use after RP and demonstrated an increased chance of preservation of preoperative erectile function. Aim. This study was undertaken to define the effects of such a regimen in an animal model. METHODS Using the cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury model, animals were divided into a number of groups: no CN injury (sham), bilateral CN injury exposed to either no sildenafil (control) or sildenafil at two doses (10 and 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously daily for three different durations (3, 10, 28 days). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At these time points, CN electrical stimulation was used to assess erectile function by mean intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) ratio. For the structural analyses, whole rat penes were harvested. Staining for Masson's trichrome was utilized to calculate the smooth muscle-collagen ratio. Immunohistochemical antibody staining was performed for endothelial (CD31 and eNOS) and neural (GAP43, NGF, and nNOS) factors and immunoblotting was performed to analyze the AKT/eNOS pathway. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used for the assessment of apoptotic indices and the CN architecture was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Erectile function was improved with sildenafil in a time- and dose-dependent fashion with maximization of erectile function recovery occurring with daily 20 mg/kg at the 28-day time point. Sildenafil use resulted in smooth muscle-collagen ratio protection and CD31 and eNOS expression preservation. Sildenafil reduced apoptotic indices significantly compared with control. Animals exposed to sildenafil had increased phosphorylation of akt and eNOS. Tem demonstrated distinct differences in architecture between control and sildenafil groups toward an increased amount of myelinized nerve fibers. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil use in the CN crush injury model preserves erectile function that appears to be mediated predominantly through preservation of smooth muscle content and endothelial function as well as through reduction in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alexander Müller
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Donohue
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Mullerad
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Kobylarz
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darius A Paduch
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raanan Tal
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip S Li
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Pathology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Müller A, Tal R, Donohue JF, Akin-Olugbade Y, Kobylarz K, Paduch D, Cutter SC, Mehrara BJ, Scardino PT, Mulhall JP. The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Erectile Function Recovery in a Rat Cavernous Nerve Injury Model. J Sex Med 2008; 5:562-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Donohue JF, Tal R, Akin-Oiugbade Y, Mueller A, Bennett NE, Kobylarz K, Paduch DA, Scardino PT, Mulhall JP. 1017: Sildenafil and Cavernous Nerve Injury in the RAT: Defining the Optimal Dosing and Timing Regimen. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tal R, Donohue JF, Akin-Olugbade Y, Kobylarz K, Paduch DA, Mueller A, Cutter S, Mehrara B, Scardino PT, Mulhall JP. 690: The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Erectile Function Recovery in the Rat Cavernous Nerve Injury Model. J Urol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)32936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Spodaryk M, Kobylarz K. The usability of harris-benedict and curreri equations in nutritional management of thermal injuries. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2005; 18:117-121. [PMID: 21990991 PMCID: PMC3187981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Spodaryk
- Polish-American Children's Hospital, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Szymik-Kantorowicz S, Kobylarz K, Krysta M, Górecki W, Bysiek A, Celmer E, Dzierzega M. Interferon-alpha in the treatment of high-risk haemangiomas in infants. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2005; 15:11-6. [PMID: 15795821 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemangiomas are benign tumours that may occasionally compress vital structures, or cause consumptive coagulopathy and heart failure. We describe our recent experience with interferon-alpha as a treatment modality for high-risk haemangiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight children with high-risk haemangiomas were treated with interferon-alpha, six of which had failed previous steroid therapy. RESULT Seven children responded to interferon therapy, one boy with a liver haemangioma died. Mild leucopenia and granulocytopenia were observed in all treated patients. Neurotoxicity occurred in 3 patients and was the most frequent serious complication. CONCLUSION Interferon-alpha is an effective treatment modality for high-risk haemangiomas in children, especially in steroid-resistant patients. The most serious complication was early neurological toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Szymik-Kantorowicz
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children's Hospital of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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Kobylarz K, Kołaczyk D, Stańczyk M. [Sevofluran in pediatric practice--personal experience]. Folia Med Cracov 2003; 42:211-6. [PMID: 12815781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Sevofluran a new inhalational anesthetic is a preferred anesthetic agent for induction and maintenance of pediatric anesthesia because of its rapid induction, recovery characteristics and acceptable cardiovascular profile--now also accessible in Poland. Sevofluran isn't an ideal anesthetic, and the issue of postoperative excitement, potential nephrotoxicity requires clarification. This study was designed to compare the emergence characteristics of sevoflurane with halotane anaesthesia in paediatric patients having various surgical intervention. 102 children divided for subgroup of premedicated and nonpremedicated, underwent inhalation induction with nitrous oxide/oxygen and sevofluran or halotane. Incremental doses of either study drug were added until loss of eyelash reflex was achieved. We didn't use higher concentrations of sevoflurane than 5.5 Vol% and 3.5 Vol% for halothane. Sevoflurane patients has a greater incidence of emergence agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobylarz
- Oddział Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Dzieciecego w Krakowie, Katedra Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków
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Skrzeczyñska J, Kobylarz K, Hartwich Z, Zembala M, Pryjma J. CD14+CD16+ monocytes in the course of sepsis in neonates and small children: monitoring and functional studies. Scand J Immunol 2002; 55:629-38. [PMID: 12028567 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and function of peripheral blood monocytes change after trauma and during sepsis. The aim of the study was to evaluate monocyte expression of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and Fc receptor III (FcR III) (CD16) in neonates and small children with high risk of sepsis (hospitalized at the intensive care unit). The reduced proportion of CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes was observed in all patients at the intensive care unit, while the increase of CD16 expression on monocytes was observed in the course of sepsis. The measurement of CD16 expression on monocytes also proved to be more useful for monitoring patient. The proportion of both CD14dimCD16+ and CD14highCD16+ monocytes increased during sepsis; however, monocytes showed reduced ability to phagocytose Escherichia coli, compromised ability to cooperate with T cells and reduced CD86 expression in parallel to HLA-DR depression. The reduced interleukin (IL)-1 but rather increased IL-10 production was associated with sepsis. The differences between CD14+CD16+ monocytes of healthy donors and patients with sepsis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Skrzeczyñska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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20
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Kobylarz K, Szlachta-Jezioro I, Stobiński W. [Postop pain treatment in children]. Przegl Lek 2000; 57:231-5. [PMID: 10967936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In last years there has been an increasing consideration of pain and it's treatment in children. Pain is difficult to measure precisely and reliably in children and this has led to the proliferation of a multiplicity of pain measurement scores for neonates, infants and children. Most pain measurement scores try to assign a numerical value to just one of these dimensions: cognitive, physiological, sensory, behavioural, affective, sociocultural and environmental factors all affect pain assessment. Anesthesiologists are adequately trained and sensitive to the manifestations of acute pain in various age groups and are experienced in intervening safely, effectively and appropriately to control the pain. All children should be regularly assessed for the presence of pain, its intensity and its cause. Titration of analgesia to control pain and documentation of the efficacy and adverse effects of pain management should be routine in all age groups. Whichever scoring system is used, the assessments should be repeated regularly, appropriate interventions should be prescribed and their effectiveness in reducing the pain severity should be regularly documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kobylarz
- Oddział Anestezjologii Pediatrycznej, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie
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Abstract
Many biologically important macromolecules are internalized into cells by clathrin-coated pit endocytosis. The mechanism of clathrin-coated pit budding has been investigated intensively, and considerable progress has been made in characterizing the proteins involved in internalization. Membrane lipid composition and the lateral organization of lipids and proteins within membranes are believed to play an important role in the regulation of membrane-trafficking processes. Here we report that membrane cholesterol plays a critical role in clathrin-coated pit internalization. We show that acute cholesterol depletion, using beta-methyl-cyclodextrin, specifically reduces the rate of internalization of transferrin receptor by more than 85%, without affecting intracellular receptor trafficking back to the cell surface. The effect on endocytosis is attributable to a failure of coated pits to detach from the plasma membrane, as visualized by using a green fluorescent protein-clathrin conjugate in living cells. Ultrastructural studies indicate that acute cholesterol depletion causes accumulation of flat-coated membranes and a corresponding decrease in deep-coated pits, consistent with the possibility that flat clathrin lattices are direct precursors of indented pits and endocytic vesicles in intact cells. We conclude that clathrin is unable to induce curvature in the membrane depleted of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Subtil
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Johnson AO, Subtil A, Petrush R, Kobylarz K, Keller SR, McGraw TE. Identification of an insulin-responsive, slow endocytic recycling mechanism in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:17968-77. [PMID: 9651404 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.28.17968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In adipocytes, the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is trafficked through the same insulin-regulated recycling pathway as the GLUT4 glucose transporter. We find that a chimera, containing the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP fused to transmembrane and extracellular domains of the transferrin receptor, is slowly recycled and rapidly internalized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Morphological studies indicate that the chimera is slowly trafficked through the general endosomal recycling compartment rather than being sorted to a specialized recycling pathway. A chimera in which a di-leucine sequence within the cytoplasmic domain of IRAP has been mutated to alanines is rapidly internalized and rapidly recycled, indicating that this di-leucine is required for the slow recycling but not for the rapid internalization. Insulin stimulates a 2-3-fold increase in the recycling of the chimera and only a 1.2-fold increase in the recycling of the transferrin receptor. The effect of insulin on the recycling of the chimera is blocked by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor. GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate) increases the recycling of the chimera by 50% but has no effect on the recycling of the transferrin receptor. In these studies, we have identified in Chinese hamster ovary cells a novel, slow endocytic recycling mechanism that is regulated by insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Reis DJ, Kobylarz K, Yamamoto S, Golanov EV. Brief electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus conditions long-lasting salvage from focal cerebral ischemia: conditioned central neurogenic neuroprotection. Brain Res 1998; 780:161-5. [PMID: 9497093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) was electrically stimulated for 1 h in anesthetized rats and the middle cerebral artery occluded at various times thereafter. Stimulation of the FN but not dentate nucleus reduced the volume of the focal infarction to 50%. Protection persisted for 10 but disappeared by 30 d. Intrinsic neuronal pathways which function to condition central neurogenic neuroprotection can protect the brain from ischemic injury by processes independent of cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Reis
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Reis DJ, Kobylarz K, Yamamoto S, Golanov EV. Brief electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus conditions long-lasting salvage from focal cerebral ischemia: conditioned central neurogenic neuroprotection. Brain Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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