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Slevin E, Koyama S, Harrison K, Wan Y, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Meng F. Dysbiosis in gastrointestinal pathophysiology: Role of the gut microbiome in Gulf War Illness. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:891-905. [PMID: 36716094 PMCID: PMC10064030 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) has been reported in 25%-35% of veterans returned from the Gulf war. Symptoms of GWI are varied and include both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as chronic fatigue. Development of GWI has been associated with chemical exposure particularly with exposure to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and permethrin. Recent studies have found that the pathology of GWI is connected to changes in the gut microbiota, that is the gut dysbiosis. In studies using animal models, the exposure to PB and permethrin resulted in similar changes in the gut microbiome as these found in GW veterans with GWI. Studies using animal models have also shown that phytochemicals like curcumin are beneficial in reducing the symptoms and that the extracellular vesicles (EV) released from gut bacteria and from the intestinal epithelium can both promote diseases and suppress diseases through the intercellular communication mechanisms. The intestinal epithelium cells produce EVs and these EVs of intestinal epithelium origin are found to suppress inflammatory bowel disease severity, suggesting the benefits of utilizing EV in treatments. On the contrary, EV from the plasma of septic mice enhanced the level of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and neutrophils and macrophages in vivo, suggesting differences in the EV depending on the types of cells they were originated and/or influences of environmental changes. These studies suggest that targeting the EV that specifically have positive influences may become a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of veterans with GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant SurgeryBaylor Scott & White Memorial HospitalTempleTexasUSA
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of NutritionTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular MedicineInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Wan Y, Slevin E, Koyama S, Huang CK, Shetty AK, Li X, Harrison K, Li T, Zhou B, Lorenzo SR, Zhang Y, Salinas JM, Xu W, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Tsukamoto H, Meng F. miR-34a regulates macrophage-associated inflammation and angiogenesis in alcohol-induced liver injury. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0089. [PMID: 37026704 PMCID: PMC10079357 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a syndrome of progressive inflammatory liver injury and vascular remodeling associated with long-term heavy intake of ethanol. Elevated miR-34a expression, macrophage activation, and liver angiogenesis in ALD and their correlation with the degree of inflammation and fibrosis have been reported. The current study aims to characterize the functional role of miR-34a-regulated macrophage- associated angiogenesis during ALD. METHODS RESULTS We identified that knockout of miR-34a in 5 weeks of ethanol-fed mice significantly decreased the total liver histopathology score and miR-34a expression, along with the inhibited liver inflammation and angiogenesis by reduced macrophage infiltration and CD31/VEGF-A expression. Treatment of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) with lipopolysaccharide (20 ng/mL) for 24 h significantly increased miR-34a expression, along with the enhanced M1/M2 phenotype changes and reduced Sirt1 expression. Silencing of miR-34a significantly increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in ethanol treated macrophages, and decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1 phenotypes in cultured macrophages by upregulation of Sirt1. Furthermore, the expressions of miR-34a and its target Sirt1, macrophage polarization, and angiogenic phenotypes were significantly altered in isolated macrophages from ethanol-fed mouse liver specimens compared to controls. TLR4/miR-34a knockout mice and miR-34a Morpho/AS treated mice displayed less sensitivity to alcohol-associated injury, along with the enhanced Sirt1 and M2 markers in isolated macrophages, as well as reduced angiogenesis and hepatic expressions of inflammation markers MPO, LY6G, CXCL1, and CXCL2. CONCLUSION Our results show that miR-34a-mediated Sirt1 signaling in macrophages is essential for steatohepatitis and angiogenesis during alcohol-induced liver injury. These findings provide new insight into the function of microRNA-regulated liver inflammation and angiogenesis and the implications for reversing steatohepatitis with potential therapeutic benefits in human alcohol-associated liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jennifer Mata Salinas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Greater Los Angeles VA Health care System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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3
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Wan Y, Zhou T, Slevin E, Koyama S, Li X, Harrison K, Li T, Zhou B, Lorenzo SR, Zhang Y, Xu W, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Huang CK, Meng F. Liver-specific deletion of microRNA-34a alleviates ductular reaction and liver fibrosis during experimental cholestasis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22731. [PMID: 36583714 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammatory responses and fibrotic scar formation leading to cholestasis. Ductular reaction and liver fibrosis are typical liver changes seen in human PSC and cholestasis patients. The current study aimed to clarify the role of liver-specific microRNA-34a in the cholestasis-associated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis. We demonstrated that miR-34a expression was significantly increased in human PSC livers along with the enhanced ductular reaction, cellular senescence, and liver fibrosis. A liver-specific miR-34a knockout mouse was established by crossing floxed miR-34a mice with albumin-promoter-driven Cre mice. Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced liver injury characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, and immune cell infiltration. In contrast, liver-specific miR-34a knockout in BDL mice resulted in decreased biliary ductular pathology associated with the reduced cholangiocyte senescence and fibrotic responses. The miR-34a-mediated ductular reactions may be functioning through Sirt-1-mediated senescence and fibrosis. The hepatocyte-derived conditioned medium promoted LPS-induced fibrotic responses and senescence in cholangiocytes, and miR-34a inhibitor suppressed these effects, further supporting the involvement of paracrine regulation. In conclusion, we demonstrated that liver-specific miR-34a plays an important role in ductular reaction and fibrotic responses in a BDL mouse model of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elise Slevin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Mallinckrodt C, Tian Y, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, Cohen S, Dent G, Hansson O, Harrison K, Iwatsubo T, Mummery CJ, Muralidharan KK, Nestorov I, Nisenbaum L, Rajagovindan R, von Hehn C, van Dyck CH, Vellas B, Wu S, Zhu Y, Sandrock A, Chen T, Budd Haeberlein S. Investigating Partially Discordant Results in Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:171-177. [PMID: 36946443 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy and safety results from the EMERGE (NCT02484547) and ENGAGE (NCT02477800) phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published. In EMERGE, but not in ENGAGE, high-dose aducanumab demonstrated significant treatment effects across primary and secondary endpoints. Low-dose aducanumab results were consistent across studies with non-significant differences versus placebo that were intermediate to the high-dose arm in EMERGE. The present investigation examined data from EMERGE and ENGAGE through post-hoc analyses to determine factors that contributed to discordant results between the high-dose arms of the two studies. DESIGN EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. SETTING EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 global multicenter studies involving 348 sites in 20 countries. PARTICIPANTS Participants in EMERGE and ENGAGE were aged 50 to 85 years and had mild cognitive impairment or mild AD dementia with confirmed amyloid pathology. The randomized and dosed population (all randomized patients who received at least one dose of study treatment) included 1638 patients in EMERGE and 1647 in ENGAGE. INTERVENTION In EMERGE and ENGAGE, participants were randomized to receive low- or high-dose aducanumab or placebo (1:1:1) once every 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS In this paper, 4 areas were investigated through post-hoc analyses to understand the discordance in the high-dose arms of the EMERGE and ENGAGE studies: baseline characteristics, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, non-normality of the data, and dosing/exposure to aducanumab. RESULTS Post-hoc analyses showed that outcomes in the ENGAGE high-dose group were affected by an imbalance in a small number of patients with extremely rapid progression and by lower exposure to the target dose of 10 mg/kg. These factors were confounded and present in early enrolled patients but were not present in later-enrolled patients who were randomized to the target dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg after titration. Neither baseline characteristics nor amyloid-related imaging abnormalities contributed to the difference in results between the high-dose arms. CONCLUSIONS Results were consistent across studies in later enrolled patients in which the incidence of rapidly progressing patients was balanced across treatment arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mallinckrodt
- Samantha Budd Haeberlein, 225 Binney Street, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 617-679-3159,
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5
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Quintyne K, Kelly C, Brabazon E, Harrison K, White E. Public Health Response to Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1). Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac131.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Human infections from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 are associated with significant morbidity and mortality internationally. This study aimed to use routinely available data to examine key strategies to prevent H5N1 transmission to humans during outbreaks in poultry in residents in Cavan, Louth, Meath and Monaghan.
Study design
Cross-sectional based study.
Methods
Data were obtained from Health Protection Team (HPT) in the Department of Public Health (DPH), HSE North-East and Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM). Data entry and analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2016.
Results
The public health response focussed on contact tracing, monitoring, and follow-up for household, farm-workers, and DAFM staff exposed on the affected farms. A total of 157 contact episodes were identified. Contacts received advice about active monitoring from their last exposure. A total of 111 (80%) were recommended chemoprophylaxis for exposure to HPAI H5N1. During the active monitoring period, two contacts developed acute respiratory symptoms, and parainfluenza 3 and rhino/enterovirus were identified in these individuals respectively.
Conclusions
The findings of this study, using routinely gathered data, highlighted that collaboration between public health and DAFM at regional and national level was key to rapid response to these outbreaks of HPAI in domesticated poultry. In addition, the public health response was successful in preventing H5N1 transmission from domesticated birds to humans.
Key messages
• HPAI H5N1 virus infections transmissions from poultry to humans is low.
• Effective public health measures are crucial to further mitigate the risks to an absolute minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Quintyne
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - C Kelly
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - E Brabazon
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive North-East , Kells, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E White
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine , Dublin, Ireland
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Quintyne KI, Kelly C, Brabazon E, Harrison K, White E. Public health response to outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) among poultry in Northeast of Ireland, November 2021 to January 2022. Public Health 2022; 212:28-32. [PMID: 36182748 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human infections from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 are associated with significant morbidity and mortality internationally. This study aimed to use routinely available data to examine key strategies to prevent H5N1 transmission to humans during outbreaks in poultry in residents in Cavan, Louth, Meath and Monaghan. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional based study. METHODS Data were obtained from Health Protection Team in the Department of Public Health, HSE North East and Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM). Data entry and analyses were conducted using Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS The public health response focussed on contact tracing, monitoring and follow-up for household, farm workers and DAFM staff exposed on the affected farms. A total of 157 contact episodes were identified. Contacts received advice about active monitoring from their last exposure. A total of 111 (80%) were recommended chemoprophylaxis for exposure to HPAI H5N1. During the active monitoring period, two contacts developed acute respiratory symptoms, and parainfluenza 3 and rhino/enterovirus were identified in these individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study, using routinely gathered data, highlighted that collaboration between public health and DAFM at regional and national levels was key to rapid response to these outbreaks of HPAI in domesticated poultry. In addition, the public health response appears to have been successful in preventing H5N1 transmission from domesticated birds to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Quintyne
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland; School of Public Health, University College Cork, College Road, Co Cork, Ireland.
| | - C Kelly
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - E Brabazon
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive (HSE) North-East, Navan, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Co Dublin, Ireland
| | - E White
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and the Marine (DAFM), Agriculture House, Kildare Street, Co Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Budd Haeberlein S, Aisen PS, Barkhof F, Chalkias S, Chen T, Cohen S, Dent G, Hansson O, Harrison K, von Hehn C, Iwatsubo T, Mallinckrodt C, Mummery CJ, Muralidharan KK, Nestorov I, Nisenbaum L, Rajagovindan R, Skordos L, Tian Y, van Dyck CH, Vellas B, Wu S, Zhu Y, Sandrock A. Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2022; 9:197-210. [PMID: 35542991 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, and fatal disease for which accumulation of amyloid beta is thought to play a key role in pathogenesis. Aducanumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the efficacy and safety of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN EMERGE and ENGAGE were two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global, phase 3 studies of aducanumab in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. SETTING These studies involved 348 sites in 20 countries. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 1638 (EMERGE) and 1647 (ENGAGE) patients (aged 50-85 years, confirmed amyloid pathology) who met clinical criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease or mild Alzheimer's disease dementia, of which 1812 (55.2%) completed the study. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive aducanumab low dose (3 or 6 mg/kg target dose), high dose (10 mg/kg target dose), or placebo via IV infusion once every 4 weeks over 76 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was change from baseline to week 78 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), an integrated scale that assesses both function and cognition. Other measures included safety assessments; secondary and tertiary clinical outcomes that assessed cognition, function, and behavior; and biomarker endpoints. RESULTS EMERGE and ENGAGE were halted based on futility analysis of data pooled from the first approximately 50% of enrolled patients; subsequent efficacy analyses included data from a larger data set collected up to futility declaration and followed prespecified statistical analyses. The primary endpoint was met in EMERGE (difference of -0.39 for high-dose aducanumab vs placebo [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.09; P=.012; 22% decrease]) but not in ENGAGE (difference of 0.03, [95% CI, -0.26 to 0.33; P=.833; 2% increase]). Results of biomarker substudies confirmed target engagement and dose-dependent reduction in markers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The most common adverse event was amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema. CONCLUSIONS Data from EMERGE demonstrated a statistically significant change across all four primary and secondary clinical endpoints. ENGAGE did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. A dose- and time-dependent reduction in pathophysiological markers of Alzheimer's disease was observed in both trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Budd Haeberlein
- Samantha Budd Haeberlein, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 617-679-3159,
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Slevin E, Wan Y, Harrison K, Zhang Y, Li X, Li T, Lorenzo SR, Xu W, Klaunig JE, Shetty AK, Meng F. microRNA‐34a modulates the senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells in alcohol‐associated liver injury. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Slevin
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Ying Wan
- Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou
| | | | | | | | - Tian Li
- Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou
| | | | - Wenjuan Xu
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M College of MedicineCollege StationTX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
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Zalawadiya S, Fossey S, Brinkley D, Harrison K, Tunney R, Sandhaus E, Schwartz C, Wigger M, Menachem J, Ooi H, Pedrotty D, Punnoose L, Brown Sacks S, Ray C, Hassler J, Rechel K, Rali A, Siddiqi H, Balsara K, McMaster W, Nguyen D, Hoffman J, Shah A, Lindenfeld J, Schlendorf K. Desensitization Therapy Among Highly Sensitized LVAD Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Harrison K, Pullen H, Welsh C, Oktay O, Alvarez-Valle J, Jena R. Machine Learning for Auto-Segmentation in Radiotherapy Planning. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:74-88. [PMID: 34996682 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Manual segmentation of target structures and organs at risk is a crucial step in the radiotherapy workflow. It has the disadvantages that it can require several hours of clinician time per patient and is prone to inter- and intra-observer variability. Automatic segmentation (auto-segmentation), using computer algorithms, seeks to address these issues. Advances in machine learning and computer vision have led to the development of methods for accurate and efficient auto-segmentation. This review surveys auto-segmentation techniques and applications in radiotherapy planning. It provides an overview of traditional approaches to auto-segmentation, including intensity analysis, shape modelling and atlas-based methods. The focus, though, is on uses of machine learning and deep learning, including convolutional neural networks. Finally, the future of machine-learning-driven auto-segmentation in clinical settings is considered, and the barriers that must be overcome for it to be widely accepted into routine practice are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harrison
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - H Pullen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Welsh
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - O Oktay
- Health Intelligence, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - R Jena
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Wan Y, Li X, Slevin E, Harrison K, Li T, Zhang Y, Klaunig JE, Wu C, Shetty AK, Dong XC, Meng F. Endothelial dysfunction in pathological processes of chronic liver disease during aging. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22125. [PMID: 34958687 PMCID: PMC8782255 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with gradual changes in liver structure and physiological/pathological functions in hepatic cells including hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). LSECs are specialized hepatic endothelial cells that regulate liver homeostasis. These cells actively impact the hepatic microenvironment as they have fenestrations and a thin morphology to allow substance exchange between circulating blood and the liver tissue. As aging occurs, LSECs have a reduction in both the number and size of fenestrations, which is referred to as pseudocapillarization. This along with the aging of the liver leads to increased oxidative stress, decreased availability of nitric oxide, decreased hepatic blood flow, and increased inflammatory cytokines in LSECs. Vascular aging can also lead to hepatic hypoxia, HSC activation, and liver fibrosis. In this review, we described the basic structure of LSECs, and the effect of LSECs on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis during aging process. We briefly summarized the changes of hepatic microcirculation during liver inflammation, the effect of aging on the clearance function of LSECs, the interactions between LSECs and immunity, hepatocytes or other hepatic nonparenchymal cells, and the therapeutic intervention of liver diseases by targeting LSECs and vascular system. Since LSECs play an important role in the development of liver fibrosis and the changes of LSEC phenotype occur in the early stage of liver fibrosis, the study of LSECs in the fibrotic liver is valuable for the detection of early liver fibrosis and the early intervention of fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Elise Slevin
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - Yudian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China, China
| | - James E Klaunig
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology and Pathology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Indiana Center for Liver Research, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Yu K, Lee K, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Guo J, Pachter N, Harrison K, Goldblatt J, Xiao J, Zhang G. Identification of candidate congenital heart defects biomarkers by applying a random forest approach on DNA methylation data. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Venkatasami M, Harrison K. PRIMARY ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA IN A YOUNG FEMALE PATIENT: A CASE REPORT. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Harrison K. Compassion Fatigue: Understanding Empathy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 51:1041-1051. [PMID: 34218949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In clinical medicine, empathy is considered a central feature of holistic caretaking and successful patient interaction. It is unclear whether characteristics of empathy are innate, learned, or a combination of both. The means to evaluate clinical empathy are ill-defined, but perception of empathy has been shown to influence patient outcomes as well as professional well-being. This article reviews what is known about empathy in a medical setting and how it relates to negative mental health outcomes, such as compassion fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Harrison
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Southwest 16(th)Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Venkatasami M, Harrison K. CRANIOFACIAL OSTEOSARCOMA: A CASE REPORT. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Fridman V, Zarini S, Sillau S, Harrison K, Bergman BC, Feldman EL, Reusch JEB, Callaghan BC. Altered plasma serine and 1-deoxydihydroceramide profiles are associated with diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107852. [PMID: 33485750 PMCID: PMC8114795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the accumulation of atypical, 1-deoxysphingolipids that lack the C1 hydroxyl group may be associated with diabetic neuropathy (DN). We hypothesized that specific plasma 1-deoxysphingolipids associate with DN severity, and that alterations in plasma serine and alanine associate with 1-deoxysphingolipid elevation in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined individual 1-deoxysphingolipid species using LC/MS/MS in plasma samples from 75 individuals including lean controls (LC, n = 19), those with obesity (n = 19), obesity with T2D without DN (ob/T2D, n = 18), and obesity with T2D with DN (Ob/T2D/DN, n = 19). We observed a step wise increase in 1-deoxydihydroceramides across these four groups (spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.41, p = 0.0002). Mean total concentrations of 1-deoxydihydroceramides, and most individual 1-deoxydihydroceramide species, were higher in ob/T2D/DN versus LC group (8.939 vs. 5.195 pmol/100 μL for total 1-deoxydihydroceramides p = 0.005). No significant differences in 1-deoxydihydroceramides were observed between the ob/T2D and ob/T2D/DN groups. l-alanine was higher and l-serine lower in ob/T2D/DN versus LC groups (326.2 vs. 248.0 μM, p = 0.0086 and 70.2 vs. 89.8 μM, p = 0.0110), consistent with a potential contribution of these changes to the observed 1-deoxysphingolipids profiles. 1-deoxydihydroceramides correlated inversely with leg intraepidermal nerve fiber density (CC -0.40, p = 0.003). These findings indicate that 1-deoxydihydroceramides may be important biomarkers and/or mediators of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fridman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - S Zarini
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Sillau
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K Harrison
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - B C Bergman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - J E B Reusch
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Regional VA, Aurora, CO, USA
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Noble D, Harrison K, Shelley L, Bates A, Bailey J, Wilson M, Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Hoole A, Jadon R, Barnett G, Benson R, Jefferies S, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-0793: Does delivered OAR dose improve prediction of late toxicity in head & neck cancer patients? Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Noble D, Harrison K, Hoole A, Wilson M, Thomas S, Bates A, Shelley L, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-0984 Univariate toxicity associations are stronger with delivered than planned dose in HNC patients. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hunt S, Thomas S, McClelland J, Harrison K, Rose C, Scaife J, Sutcliffe M, Burnet N, Jena R. EP-2038 Use of deformable image registration for automatic outlining of the rectum. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Noble D, Harrison K, Wilson M, Hoole A, Thomas S, Burnet N, Jena R. PO-126 Predictors of dose differences to swallowing OARs in patients undergoing radiotherapy for HNC. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Shelley LEA, Sutcliffe MPF, Harrison K, Scaife JE, Parker MA, Romanchikova M, Thomas SJ, Jena R, Burnet NG. Autosegmentation of the rectum on megavoltage image guidance scans. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019; 5:025006. [PMID: 31057946 PMCID: PMC6466640 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaf1db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autosegmentation of image guidance (IG) scans is crucial for streamlining and optimising delivered dose calculation in radiotherapy. By accounting for interfraction motion, daily delivered dose can be accumulated and incorporated into automated systems for adaptive radiotherapy. Autosegmentation of IG scans is challenging due to poorer image quality than typical planning kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT) systems, and the resulting reduction of soft tissue contrast in regions such as the pelvis makes organ boundaries less distinguishable. Current autosegmentation solutions generally involve propagation of planning contours to the IG scan by deformable image registration (DIR). Here, we present a novel approach for primary autosegmentation of the rectum on megavoltage IG scans acquired during prostate radiotherapy, based on the Chan-Vese algorithm. Pre-processing steps such as Hounsfield unit/intensity scaling, identifying search regions, dealing with air, and handling the prostate, are detailed. Post-processing features include identification of implausible contours (nominally those affected by muscle or air), 3D self-checking, smoothing, and interpolation. In cases where the algorithm struggles, the best estimate on a given slice may revert to the propagated kVCT rectal contour. Algorithm parameters were optimised systematically for a training cohort of 26 scans, and tested on a validation cohort of 30 scans, from 10 patients. Manual intervention was not required. Comparing Chan-Vese autocontours with contours manually segmented by an experienced clinical oncologist achieved a mean Dice Similarity Coefficient of 0.78 (SE < 0.011). This was comparable with DIR methods for kVCT and CBCT published in the literature. The autosegmentation system was developed within the VoxTox Research Programme for accumulation of delivered dose to the rectum in prostate radiotherapy, but may have applicability to further anatomical sites and imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E A Shelley
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M P F Sutcliffe
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Harrison
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J E Scaife
- Gloucestershire Oncology Centre, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - M A Parker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Romanchikova
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - S J Thomas
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Jena
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Oncology Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N G Burnet
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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McGuire R, Hepper A, Harrison K. From Northern Ireland to Afghanistan: half a century of blast injuries. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:27-32. [PMID: 29804094 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionThroughout the last half century, blast injuries have been a common occurrence to UK military personnel during combat operations. This study investigates casualty data from three different military operations to determine whether survivability from blast injuries has improved over time and whether the tactics used could have influenced the injuries sustained.MethodsCasualty data from operations in Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan were reviewed and found to contain a total of 2629 casualties injured by improvised explosive devices. The injury severities were examined and the suitability of comparison between conflicts was considered.ResultsThe case fatality rate and mean severity score sustained remained consistent among the operations included in this study. Using the New Injury Severity Score, the probabilities of survival were calculated for each separate operation. The body regions injured were identified for both fatalities and survivors. Using this information, comparisons of injury severities sustained at an Abbreviated Injury Scale of 3 and above (identified as a threshold for fatal injury) were conducted between the different operations.ConclusionsThe data showed that as operations changed over time, survivability improved and the proportions of body regions injured also changed; however, this study also highlights how studying casualty data from different conflicts without taking account for the contextual differences may lead to misleading conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Harrison
- Ministry of Defence, Defence Statistics (Health), Bristol, UK
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Lam NL, Muhwezi G, Isabirye F, Harrison K, Ruiz-Mercado I, Amukoye E, Mokaya T, Wambua M, Bates MN. Exposure reductions associated with introduction of solar lamps to kerosene lamp-using households in Busia County, Kenya. Indoor Air 2018; 28:218-227. [PMID: 29028275 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar lamps are a clean and potentially cost-effective alternative to polluting kerosene lamps used by millions of families in developing countries. By how much solar lamps actually reduce exposure to pollutants, however, has not been examined. Twenty households using mainly kerosene for lighting were enrolled through a secondary school in Busia County, Kenya. Personal PM2.5 and CO concentrations were measured on a school pupil and an adult in each household, before and after provision of 3 solar lamps. PM2.5 concentrations were measured in main living areas, pupils' bedrooms, and kitchens. Usage sensors measured use of kerosene and solar lighting devices. Ninety percent of baseline kerosene lamp use was displaced at 1-month follow-up, corresponding to average PM2.5 reductions of 61% and 79% in main living areas and pupils' bedrooms, respectively. Average 48-h exposure to PM2.5 fell from 210 to 104 μg/m3 (-50%) among adults, and from 132 to 35 μg/m3 (-73%) among pupils. Solar lamps displaced most kerosene lamp use in at least the short term. If sustained, this could mitigate health impacts of household air pollution in some contexts. Achieving safe levels of exposure for all family members would likely require also addressing use of solid-fuel stoves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Lam
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - G Muhwezi
- Center for Integrated Research and Community Development Uganda (CIRCODU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - F Isabirye
- Center for Integrated Research and Community Development Uganda (CIRCODU), Kampala, Uganda
| | - K Harrison
- SolarAid, London, England
- Acumen, London, England
| | - I Ruiz-Mercado
- CONACYT-Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Amukoye
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T Mokaya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M Wambua
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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24
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Abstract
The history of Frey's syndrome is explored together with its physiopathological and anatomical basis. A study of 19 cases of parotidectomy in 15 patients is reviewed and the results of 17 tympanic neurectomies presented.
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25
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Deepak S, Harrison K, Foster H, Rapley T, McErlane F. 69. Survey of Attitudes to and Experience of Research in Clinical Practice 2015-16. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex390.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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26
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Yeap PL, Noble DJ, Harrison K, Bates AM, Burnet NG, Jena R, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe MPF, Thomas SJ, Barnett GC, Benson RJ, Jefferies SJ, Parker MA. Automatic contour propagation using deformable image registration to determine delivered dose to spinal cord in head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:6062-6073. [PMID: 28573978 PMCID: PMC5952263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa76aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine delivered dose to the spinal cord, a technique has been developed to propagate manual contours from kilovoltage computed-tomography (kVCT) scans for treatment planning to megavoltage computed-tomography (MVCT) guidance scans. The technique uses the Elastix software to perform intensity-based deformable image registration of each kVCT scan to the associated MVCT scans. The registration transform is then applied to contours of the spinal cord drawn manually on the kVCT scan, to obtain contour positions on the MVCT scans. Different registration strategies have been investigated, with performance evaluated by comparing the resulting auto-contours with manual contours, drawn by oncologists. The comparison metrics include the conformity index (CI), and the distance between centres (DBC). With optimised registration, auto-contours generally agree well with manual contours. Considering all 30 MVCT scans for each of three patients, the median CI is \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.759 \pm 0.003$ \end{document}0.759±0.003, and the median DBC is (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.87 \pm 0.01$ \end{document}0.87±0.01) mm. An intra-observer comparison for the same scans gives a median CI of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.820 \pm 0.002$ \end{document}0.820±0.002 and a DBC of (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$0.64 \pm 0.01$ \end{document}0.64±0.01) mm. Good levels of conformity are also obtained when auto-contours are compared with manual contours from one observer for a single MVCT scan for each of 30 patients, and when they are compared with manual contours from six observers for two MVCT scans for each of three patients. Using the auto-contours to estimate organ position at treatment time, a preliminary study of 33 patients who underwent radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancers indicates good agreement between planned and delivered dose to the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Yeap
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Noble D, Yeap P, Harrison K, Thomas S, Parker M, Burnet N. PO-0879: Differences between planned and delivered maximum spinal cord dose in Head &Neck cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Shelley L, Scaife J, Bates A, Forman J, Harrison K, Jena R, Noble D, Parker M, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe M, Thomas S, Burnet N. PO-0880: Using accumulated delivered dose to predict rectal toxicity in prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Romanchikova M, Johnston D, Sutcliffe M, Harrison K, Thomas S, Scaife J, Burnet N. PO-0892: Automatic quality assurance of rectal contours on image guidance scans. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Shelley LEA, Scaife JE, Romanchikova M, Harrison K, Forman JR, Bates AM, Noble DJ, Jena R, Parker MA, Sutcliffe MPF, Thomas SJ, Burnet NG. Delivered dose can be a better predictor of rectal toxicity than planned dose in prostate radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 123:466-471. [PMID: 28460825 PMCID: PMC5486775 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose For the first time, delivered dose to the rectum has been calculated and accumulated throughout the course of prostate radiotherapy using megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image guidance scans. Dosimetric parameters were linked with toxicity to test the hypothesis that delivered dose is a stronger predictor of toxicity than planned dose. Material and methods Dose–surface maps (DSMs) of the rectal wall were automatically generated from daily MVCT scans for 109 patients within the VoxTox research programme. Accumulated-DSMs, representing total delivered dose, and planned-DSMs, from planning CT data, were parametrised using Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) and ‘DSM dose-width’, the lateral dimension of an ellipse fitted to a discrete isodose cluster. Associations with 6 toxicity endpoints were assessed using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Results For rectal bleeding, the area under the curve (AUC) was greater for accumulated dose than planned dose for DSM dose-widths up to 70 Gy. Accumulated 65 Gy DSM dose-width produced the strongest spatial correlation (AUC 0.664), while accumulated EUD generated the largest AUC overall (0.682). For proctitis, accumulated EUD was the only reportable predictor (AUC 0.673). Accumulated EUD was systematically lower than planned EUD. Conclusions Dosimetric parameters extracted from accumulated DSMs have demonstrated stronger correlations with rectal bleeding and proctitis, than planned DSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E A Shelley
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - J E Scaife
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Romanchikova
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - K Harrison
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J R Forman
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - A M Bates
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D J Noble
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Jena
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M A Parker
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M P F Sutcliffe
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S J Thomas
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - N G Burnet
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oncology, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Griffin B, Bushby PA, McCobb E, White SC, Rigdon-Brestle YK, Appel LD, Makolinski KV, Wilford CL, Bohling MW, Eddlestone SM, Farrell KA, Ferguson N, Harrison K, Howe LM, Isaza NM, Levy JK, Looney A, Moyer MR, Robertson SA, Tyson K. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians' 2016 Veterinary Medical Care Guidelines for Spay-Neuter Programs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 249:165-88. [PMID: 27379593 DOI: 10.2460/javma.249.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As community efforts to reduce the overpopulation and euthanasia of unwanted and unowned cats and dogs have increased, many veterinarians have increasingly focused their clinical efforts on the provision of spay-neuter services. Because of the wide range of geographic and demographic needs, a wide variety of spay-neuter programs have been developed to increase delivery of services to targeted populations of animals, including stationary and mobile clinics, MASH-style operations, shelter services, community cat programs, and services provided through private practitioners. In an effort to promote consistent, high-quality care across the broad range of these programs, the Association of Shelter Veterinarians convened a task force of veterinarians to develop veterinary medical care guidelines for spay-neuter programs. These guidelines consist of recommendations for general patient care and clinical procedures, preoperative care, anesthetic management, surgical procedures, postoperative care, and operations management. They were based on current principles of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, infection control, and surgical practice, as determined from published evidence and expert opinion. They represent acceptable practices that are attainable in spay-neuter programs regardless of location, facility, or type of program. The Association of Shelter Veterinarians envisions that these guidelines will be used by the profession to maintain consistent veterinary medical care in all settings where spay-neuter services are provided and to promote these services as a means of reducing sheltering and euthanasia of cats and dogs.
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Bornkamp JL, Robertson S, Isaza NM, Harrison K, DiGangi BA, Pablo L. Effects of anesthetic induction with a benzodiazepine plus ketamine hydrochloride or propofol on hypothermia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:351-7. [PMID: 27027833 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.4.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of anesthetic induction with a benzodiazepine plus ketamine or propofol on hypothermia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy without heat support. ANIMALS 23 adult sexually intact female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. PROCEDURES Baseline rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded prior to premedication with buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg, IM) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam or diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, IV) plus ketamine (5 mg/kg, IV; n = 11) or propofol (4 mg/kg, IV; 12) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Rectal temperature was measured at hospital intake, prior to premedication, immediately after anesthetic induction, and every 5 minutes after anesthetic induction. Esophageal temperature was measured every 5 minutes during anesthesia, beginning 30 minutes after anesthetic induction. After anesthesia, dogs were covered with a warm-air blanket and rectal temperature was measured every 10 minutes until normothermia (37°C) was achieved. RESULTS Dogs in both treatment groups had lower rectal temperatures within 5 minutes after anesthetic induction and throughout anesthesia. Compared with dogs that received a benzodiazepine plus ketamine, dogs that received a benzodiazepine plus propofol had significantly lower rectal temperatures and the interval from discontinuation of anesthesia to achievement of normothermia was significantly longer. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dogs in which anesthesia was induced with a benzodiazepine plus propofol or ketamine became hypothermic; the extent of hypothermia was more profound for the propofol combination. Dogs should be provided with adequate heat support after induction of anesthesia, particularly when a propofol-benzodiazepine combination is administered.
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Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role of micro-architecture in osteoporotic bone loss and fragility. This trend has been driven by advances in imaging technology, which have enabled a transition from measures of mass to micro-architecture. Imaging trabecular bone has been a key research focus, but advances in resolution have also enabled the detection of cortical bone micro-architecture, particularly the network of vascular canals, commonly referred to as 'cortical porosity.' This review aims to provide an overview of what this level of porosity is, why it is important, and how it can be characterized by imaging. Moving beyond a 'trabeculocentric' view of bone loss holds the potential to improve diagnosis and monitoring of interventions. Furthermore, cortical porosity is intimately linked to the remodeling process, which underpins bone loss, and thus a larger potential exists to improve our fundamental understanding of bone health through imaging of both humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - C E Kawalilak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - K Harrison
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B D Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J D Johnston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Romanchikova M, Johnston D, Harrison K, Sutcliffe M, Scaife J, Thomas S, Burnet N. EP-1894: Evaluation of a novel method for automatic segmentation of rectum on daily MVCT prostate images. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thomas S, Romanchikova M, Harrison K, Parker M, Scaife J, Bates A, Burnet N. PO-0866: Automated recalculation of daily dose for calculation of delivered dose surface maps. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Bates A, Scaife J, Harrison K, Jena R, Burnet N. EP-1528: Should we extend the daily image guidance scans for toxicity studies? A VoxTox experience. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Thomas S, Jena R, Burnet N. Accumulated Dose Volumes to the Rectum are Different from those Planned in Approximately 80% of Patients Treated with Helical Tomotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Cooper J, Harrison K, de la Fuente J, Gosálvez J. Effect of cryopreservation on the sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:227-235. [PMID: 25604784 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm DNA fragmentation is one of the major causes of infertility; the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) evaluates this parameter and offers the advantage of species-specific validated protocol and ease of use under field conditions. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics in both fresh and post-thaw bottlenose dolphin sperm using the SCDt following different cryopreservation protocols to gain new information about the post-thaw differential sperm DNA longevity in this species. Fresh and cryopreserved semen samples from five bottlenose dolphins were examined for sperm DNA fragmentation dynamics using the SCDt (Halomax(®)). Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed immediately at collection and following cryopreservation (T0) and then after 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation at 37°C. Serially collected ejaculates from four dolphins were frozen using different cryopreservation protocols in a TES-TRIS-fructose buffer (TTF), an egg-yolk-free vegetable lipid LP1 buffer (LP1) and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Fresh ejaculated spermatozoa initially showed low levels of DNA fragmentation for up to 48 h. Lower Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was found in the second fresh ejaculate compared to the first when more than one sample was collected on the same day (p < 0.05); this difference was not apparent in any other seminal characteristic. While there was no difference observed in SDF between fresh and frozen-thawed sperm using the different cryopreservation protocols immediately after thawing (T0), frozen-thawed spermatozoa incubated at 37°C showed an increase in the rate of SDF after 24 h. Sperm frozen in the LP1(℗) buffer had higher levels (p < 0.05) of DNA fragmentation after 24- and 48-h incubation than those frozen in TTF or HSPM. No correlation was found between any seminal characteristic and DNA fragmentation in either fresh and/or frozen-thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - S D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia.,Sea World, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - J Cooper
- Just Genes Artificial Breeding Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Parker A, Sutcliffe M, Bond S, Thomas S, Freeman S, Jena R, Bates A, Burnet N. Random variation in rectal position during radiotherapy for prostate cancer is two to three times greater than that predicted from prostate motion. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140343. [PMID: 25138155 PMCID: PMC4170867 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Radiotherapy for prostate cancer does not explicitly take into account daily variation in the position of the rectum. It is important to accurately assess accumulated dose (DA) to the rectum in order to understand the relationship between dose and toxicity. The primary objective of this work was to quantify systematic (Σ) and random (σ) variation in the position of the rectum during a course of prostate radiotherapy. Methods: The rectum was manually outlined on the kilo-voltage planning scan and 37 daily mega-voltage image guidance scans for 10 participants recruited to the VoxTox study. The femoral heads were used to produce a fixed point to which all rectal contours were referenced. Results: Σ [standard deviation (SD) of means] between planning and treatment was 4.2 mm in the anteroposterior (AP) direction and 1.3 mm left–right (LR). σ (root mean square of SDs) was 5.2 mm AP and 2.7 mm LR. Superior–inferior variation was less than one slice above and below the planning position. Conclusion: Our results for Σ are in line with published data for prostate motion. σ, however, was approximately twice as great as that seen for prostate motion. This suggests that DA may differ from planned dose in some patients treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Advances in knowledge: This work is the first to use daily imaging to quantify Σ and σ of the rectum in prostate cancer. σ was found to be greater than published data, providing strong rationale for further investigation of individual DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scaife
- 1 Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Martínez-Nevado E, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, de la Fuente J, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Harrison K, Gosálvez J. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin(Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:761-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| | | | - JF Pérez-Gutiérrez
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - SD Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
- Seaworld; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
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Bock M, Nguyen K, Malerba S, Harrison K, Bagiella E, Gelb B, Pinney S, Lytrivi I. Pediatric Cardiac Re-transplantation: Waitlist Mortality Stratified by Age and Era. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Chavoor T, Papathakis P, Voorheis G, Harrison K. The effect of acculturation on Latina mothers’ food choices and body weight ideals for their children (624.13). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.624.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracie Chavoor
- Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic University of San Luis ObispoSan Luis ObispoCAUnited States
| | - Peggy Papathakis
- Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic University of San Luis ObispoSan Luis ObispoCAUnited States
| | - Grace Voorheis
- Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic University of San Luis ObispoSan Luis ObispoCAUnited States
| | - Kelly Harrison
- Food Science and Nutrition California Polytechnic University of San Luis ObispoSan Luis ObispoCAUnited States
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Scaife J, Harrison K, Romanchikova M, Sutcliffe M, Thomas S, Jena R, Burnet N. 176: Daily variation in rectal size and position during prostate radiotherapy measured from helical tomotherapy CT scans. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Coisman JG, Case JB, Shih A, Harrison K, Isaza N, Ellison G. Comparison of surgical variables in cats undergoing single-incision laparoscopic ovariectomy using a LigaSure or extracorporeal suture versus open ovariectomy. Vet Surg 2013; 43:38-44. [PMID: 24279460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the applicability of single-incision laparoscopic ovariectomy (SILOVE) in cats using a single-incision laparoscopic port (SILP); to compare surgical time, complications, and postoperative pain after SILOVE using a LigaSure (SILOVE-LS) or extracorporeal suture (SILOVE-ECS), and open ovariectomy (open-OVE). STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, prospective study. ANIMALS Healthy, domestic female cats (n = 24). METHODS Cats underwent physical examination, packed cell volume, total solids and blood urea nitrogen analysis. Cats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: SILOVE-LS (n = 8), SILOVE-ECS (8) or open-OVE (8). Surgical time, complications, and postoperative pain scores were recorded. RESULTS Single-incision laparoscopic ovariectomy was successful in (n = 8) SILOVE-LS cats and (n = 5) SILOVE-ECS cats. Surgical time was significantly longer for the SILOVE-ECS group compared with the SILOVE-LS (P < .0001) and open-OVE (P < .0001) groups, which were not different (P = .55). Complications were more frequent in the SILOVE-ECS group and removal of the SILP was required to complete ovariectomy in 3 cats. Cumulative 4-hour pain scores were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Single-incision laparoscopic ovariectomy using a SILP is a feasible method for OVE in cats. Single-incision laparoscopic ovariectomy using an extracorporeal suture is more time consuming and associated with more complications than either the SILOVE-LS or open-OVE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Coisman
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Martinez-Becerra FJ, Scobey M, Harrison K, Choudhari SP, Quick AM, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Picking WL. Parenteral immunization with IpaB/IpaD protects mice against lethal pulmonary infection by Shigella. Vaccine 2013; 31:2667-72. [PMID: 23602665 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Shigellosis is an important diarrheal disease, especially among children in the developing world. About 90 million infections with Shigella spp are estimated to appear each year. We previously demonstrated that the type III secretion apparatus (T3SA) proteins IpaB and IpaD are protective antigens when administered intranasally using the mouse lethal pulmonary model. To simplify vaccine administration, we tested the parenteral route for IpaB and IpaD with several adjuvants and compared the immune response and protective efficacy via the intranasal route. We found that the intramuscular administration generated a response consisting of similar levels of serum IgG, a lack of IgA response and higher IL-17 secretion. Therefore, while parenteral administration yielded a unique pattern of immune responses, it retained the ability to protect mice in a lethal pulmonary challenge against S. flexneri when both proteins were used. Our results show the feasibility of generating protective parenteral vaccines against Shigella spp.
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Hoit G, Hinkewich C, Tiao J, Porgo V, Moore L, Moore L, Tiao J, Wang C, Moffatt B, Wheeler S, Gillman L, Bartens K, Lysecki P, Pallister I, Patel S, Bradford P, Bradford P, Kidane B, Holmes A, Trajano A, March J, Lyons R, Kao R, Rezende-Neto J, Leblanc Y, Rezende-Neto J, Vogt K, Alzaid S, Jansz G, Andrusiek D, Andrusiek D, Bailey K, Livingston M, Calthorpe S, Hsu J, Lubbert P, Boitano M, Leeper W, Williamson O, Reid S, Alonazi N, Lee C, Rezende-Neto J, Aleassa E, Jennings P, Jennings P, Mador B, Hoffman K, Riley J, Vu E, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Mckee J, Bobrovitz N, Gabbe B, Gabbe B, Hodgkinson J, Hodgkinson J, Ali J, Ali J, Grant M, Roberts D, Holodinsky J, Cooper C, Santana M, Kruger K, Hodgkinson J, Waggott M, Da Luz L, Banfield J, Santana M, Dorigatti A, Birn K, Bobrovitz N, Zakirova R, Davies D, Das D, Gamme G, Pervaiz F, Almarhabi Y, Brainard A, Brown R, Bell N, Bell N, Jowett H, Jowett H, Bressan S, Hogan A, Watson I, Woodford S, Hogan A, Boulay R, Watson I, Howlett M, Atkinson P, Chesters A, Hamadani F, Atkinson P, Azzam M, Fraser J, Doucet J, Atkinson P, Muakkassa F, Sathivel N, Chadi S, Joseph B, Takeuchi L, Bradley N, Al Bader B, Kidane B, Harrington A, Nixon K, Veigas P, Joseph B, O’Keeffe T, Bracco D, Rezende-Neto J, Azzam M, Lin Y, Bailey K, Bracco D, Nash N, Alhabboubi M, Slobogean G, Spicer J, Heidary B, Joos E, Berg R, Berg R, Sankarankutty A, Zakrison T, Babul S, Lockhart S, Faux S, Jackson A, Lee T, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Green R, Tallon J, Moore L, Turgeon A, Boutin A, Moore L, Reinartz D, Lapointe G, Turgeon A, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Moore L, Turgeon A, Bratu I, Gladwin C, Voaklander D, Lewis M, Vogt K, Eckert K, Williamson J, Stewart TC, Parry N, Gray D, L’Heureux R, Ziesmann M, Kortbeek J, Brindley P, Hicks C, Fata P, Engels P, Ball C, Paton-Gay D, Widder S, Vogt K, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Gray D, Vanderbeek L, Forrokhyar F, Anatharajah R, Howatt N, Lamb S, Sne N, Kahnamoui K, Lyons R, Walters A, Brooks C, Pinder L, Rahman S, Walters A, Kidane B, Parry N, Donnelly E, Lewell M, Mellow R, Hedges C, Morassutti P, Bulatovic R, Morassutti P, Galbraith E, McKenzie S, Bradford D, Lewell M, Peddle M, Dukelow A, Eby D, McLeod S, Bradford P, Stewart TC, Parry N, Williamson O, Fraga G, Pereira B, Sareen J, Doupe M, Gawaziuk J, Chateau D, Logsetty S, Pallister I, Lewis J, O’Doherty D, Hopkins S, Griffiths S, Palmer S, Gabbe B, Xu X, Martin C, Xenocostas A, Parry N, Mele T, Rui T, Abreu E, Andrade M, Cruz F, Pires R, Carreiro P, Andrade T, Lampron J, Balaa F, Fortuna R, Issa H, Dias P, Marques M, Fernandes T, Sousa T, Inaba K, Smith J, Okoye O, Joos E, Shulman I, Nelson J, Parry N, Rhee P, Demetriades D, Ostrofsky R, Butler-Laporte G, Chughtai T, Khwaja K, Fata P, Mulder D, Razek T, Deckelbaum D, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Evans D, Anton H, Wei J, Randall E, Sobolev B, Scott BB, van Heest R, Frankfurter C, Pemberton J, McKerracher S, Stewart TC, Merritt N, Barber L, Kimmel L, Hodgson C, Webb M, Holland A, Gruen R, Harrison K, Hwang M, Hsee L, Civil I, Muizelaar A, Baillie F, Leeper T, Stewart TC, Gray D, Parry N, Sutherland A, Hart M, Gabbe B, Tuma F, Coates A, Farrokhyar F, Faidi S, Gastaldo F, Paskar D, Reid S, Faidi S, Petrisor B, Bhandari M, Loh WL, Ho C, Chong C, Rodrigues G, Gissoni M, Martins M, Andrade M, Cunha-Melo J, Rizoli S, Abu-Zidan F, Cameron P, Bernard S, Walker T, Jolley D, Fitzgerald M, Masci K, Gabbe B, Simpson P, Smith K, Cox S, Cameron P, Evans D, West A, Barratt L, Rozmovits L, Livingstone B, Vu M, Griesdale D, Schlamp R, Wand R, Alhabboubi M, Alrowaili A, Alghamdi H, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Alhabboubi M, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Chankowsky J, Razek T, Stephens M, Vis C, Belton K, Kortbeek J, Bratu I, Dufresne B, Guilfoyle J, Ibbotson G, Martin K, Matheson D, Parks P, Thomas L, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Lyons R, Macey S, Fitzgerald M, Judson R, Cameron P, Sutherland A, Hart M, Morgan M, McLellan S, Wilson K, Cameron P, Sorvari A, Chaudhry Z, Khawaja K, Ali A, Akhtar J, Zubair M, Nickow J, Sorvari A, Holodinsky J, Jaeschke R, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Kirkpatrick A, Roberts D, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Jaeschke R, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Stelfox H, Stelfox H, Rizoli S, Tanenbaum B, Stelfox H, Redondano BR, Jimenez LS, Zago T, de Carvalho RB, Calderan TA, Fraga G, Campbell S, Widder S, Paton-Gay D, Engels P, Ferri M, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Nathens A, Lashoher A, McFarlan A, Ahmed N, Booy J, McDowell D, Nasr A, Wales P, Roberts D, Mercado M, Vis C, Kortbeek J, Kirkpatrick A, Lall R, Stelfox H, Ball C, Niven D, Dixon E, Stelfox H, Kirkpatrick A, Kaplan G, Hameed M, Ball C, Qadura M, Sne N, Reid S, Coates A, Faidi S, Veenstra J, Hennecke P, Gardner R, Appleton L, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Palmer C, Bevan C, Crameri J, Palmer C, Hogan D, Grealy L, Bevan C, Palmer C, Jowett H, Boulay R, Chisholm A, Beairsto E, Goulette E, Martin M, Benjamin S, Boulay R, Watson I, Boulay R, Watson I, Watson I, Savoie J, Benjamin S, Martin M, Hogan A, Woodford S, Benjamin S, Chisholm A, Ondiveeran H, Martin M, Atkinson P, Doody K, Fraser J, Leblanc-Duchin D, Strack B, Naveed A, vanRensburg L, Madan R, Atkinson P, Boulva K, Deckelbaum D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Razek T, Fraser J, Verheul G, Parks A, Milne J, Nemeth J, Fata P, Correa J, Deckelbaum D, Bernardin B, Al Bader B, Khwaja K, Razek T, Atkinson P, Benjamin S, Sproul E, Mehta A, Galarneau M, Mahadevan P, Bansal V, Dye J, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, Stout P, Potenza B, Coimbra R, Madan R, Marley R, Salvator A, Pisciotta D, Bridge J, Lin S, Ovens H, Nathens A, Abdo H, Dencev-Bihari R, Parry N, Lawendy A, Ibrahim-Zada I, Pandit V, Tang A, O’Keeffe T, Wynne J, Gries L, Friese R, Rhee P, Hameed M, Simons R, Taulu T, Wong H, Saleem A, Azzam M, Boulva K, Razek T, Khwaja K, Mulder D, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Plourde M, Chadi S, Forbes T, Parry N, Martin G, Gaunt K, Bandiera G, Bawazeer M, MacKinnon D, Ahmed N, Spence J, Sankarankutty A, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Ibrahim-Zada I, Aziz H, Tang A, Friese R, Wynne J, O’keeffe T, Vercruysse G, Kulvatunyou N, Rhee P, Sakles J, Mosier J, Wynne J, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, Joseph B, Rhee P, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Dias P, Issa H, Fortuna R, Sousa T, Abreu E, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Norman D, Li J, Pemberton J, Al-Oweis J, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Albuz O, Karamanos E, Vogt K, Okoye O, Talving P, Inaba K, Demetriades D, Elhusseini M, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Razek T, Khwaja K, MacPherson C, Sun T, Pelletier M, Hameed M, Khalil MA, Azzam M, Valenti D, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Brown R, Simons R, Evans D, Hameed M, Inaba K, Vogt K, Okoye O, Gelbard R, Moe D, Grabo D, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Okoye O, Talving P, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Pasley J, Teixeira P, Talving P, Demetriades D, Fung S, Alababtain I, Brnjac E, Luz L, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Parikh P, Proctor K, Murtha M, Schulman C, Namias N, Goldman R, Pike I, Korn P, Flett C, Jackson T, Keith J, Joseph T, Giddins E, Ouellet J, Cook M, Schreiber M, Kortbeek J. Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) Annual Scientific Meeting. The Westin Whistler Resort & Spa, Whistler, BC, Thursday, Apr. 11 to Saturday, Apr. 13, 2013Testing the reliability of tools for pediatric trauma teamwork evaluation in a North American high-resource simulation settingThe association of etomidate with mortality in trauma patientsDefinition of isolated hip fractures as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a systematic reviewEstimation of acute care hospitalization costs for trauma hospital performance evaluation: a systematic reviewHospital length of stay following admission for traumatic injury in Canada: a multicentre cohort studyPredictors of hospital length of stay following traumatic injury: a multicentre cohort studyInfluence of the heterogeneity in definitions of an isolated hip fracture used as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a multicentre cohort studyPediatric trauma, advocacy skills and medical studentsCompliance with the prescribed packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and platelet ratio for the trauma transfusion pathway at a level 1 trauma centreEarly fixed-wing aircraft activation for major trauma in remote areasDevelopment of a national, multi-disciplinary trauma crisis resource management curriculum: results from the pilot courseThe management of blunt hepatic trauma in the age of angioembolization: a single centre experienceEarly predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patientsThe impact of open tibial fracture on health service utilization in the year preceding and following injuryA systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the trauma populationSources of support for paramedics managing work-related stress in a Canadian EMS service responding to multisystem trauma patientsAnalysis of prehospital treatment of pain in the multisystem trauma patient at a community level 2 trauma centreIncreased mortality associated with placement of central lines during trauma resuscitationChronic pain after serious injury — identifying high risk patientsEpidemiology of in-hospital trauma deaths in a Brazilian university teaching hospitalIncreased suicidality following major trauma: a population-based studyDevelopment of a population-wide record linkage system to support trauma researchInduction of hmgb1 by increased gut permeability mediates acute lung injury in a hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation mouse modelPatients who sustain gunshot pelvic fractures are at increased risk for deep abscess formation: aggravated by rectal injuryAre we transfusing more with conservative management of isolated blunt splenic injury? A retrospective studyMotorcycle clothesline injury prevention: Experimental test of a protective deviceA prospective analysis of compliance with a massive transfusion protocol - activation alone is not enoughAn evaluation of diagnostic modalities in penetrating injuries to the cardiac box: Is there a role for routine echocardiography in the setting of negative pericardial FAST?Achievement of pediatric national quality indicators — an institutional report cardProcess mapping trauma care in 2 regional health authorities in British Columbia: a tool to assist trauma sys tem design and evaluationPatient safety checklist for emergency intubation: a systematic reviewA standardized flow sheet improves pediatric trauma documentationMassive transfusion in pediatric trauma: a 5-year retrospective reviewIs more better: Does a more intensive physiotherapy program result in accelerated recovery for trauma patients?Trauma care: not just for surgeons. Initial impact of implementing a dedicated multidisciplinary trauma team on severely injured patientsThe role of postmortem autopsy in modern trauma care: Do we still need them?Prototype cervical spine traction device for reduction stabilization and transport of nondistraction type cervical spine injuriesGoing beyond organ preservation: a 12-year review of the beneficial effects of a nonoperative management algorithm for splenic traumaAssessing the construct validity of a global disability measure in adult trauma registry patientsThe mactrauma TTL assessment tool: developing a novel tool for assessing performance of trauma traineesA quality improvement approach to developing a standardized reporting format of ct findings in blunt splenic injuriesOutcomes in geriatric trauma: what really mattersFresh whole blood is not better than component therapy (FFP:RBC) in hemorrhagic shock: a thromboelastometric study in a small animal modelFactors affecting mortality of chest trauma patients: a prospective studyLong-term pain prevalence and health related quality of life outcomes for patients enrolled in a ketamine versus morphine for prehospital traumatic pain randomized controlled trialDescribing pain following trauma: predictors of persistent pain and pain prevalenceManagement strategies for hemorrhage due to pelvic trauma: a survey of Canadian general surgeonsMajor trauma follow-up clinic: Patient perception of recovery following severe traumaLost opportunities to enhance trauma practice: culture of interprofessional education and sharing among emergency staffPrehospital airway management in major trauma and traumatic brain injury by critical care paramedicsImproving patient selection for angiography and identifying risk of rebleeding after angioembolization in the nonoperative management of high grade splenic injuriesFactors predicting the need for angioembolization in solid organ injuryProthrombin complex concentrates use in traumatic brain injury patients on oral anticoagulants is effective despite underutilizationThe right treatment at the right time in the right place: early results and associations from the introduction of an all-inclusive provincial trauma care systemA multicentre study of patient experiences with acute and postacute injury carePopulation burden of major trauma: Has introduction of an organized trauma system made a difference?Long-term functional and return to work outcomes following blunt major trauma in Victoria, AustraliaSurgical dilemma in major burns victim: heterotopic ossification of the tempromandibular jointWhich radiological modality to choose in a unique penetrating neck injury: a differing opinionThe Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program in CanadaThe Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) in Pakistan: Is there a role?Novel deployment of BC mobile medical unit for coverage of BMX world cup sporting eventIncidence and prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisRisk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill or injured adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisA comparison of quality improvement practices at adult and pediatric trauma centresInternational trauma centre survey to evaluate content validity, usability and feasibility of quality indicatorsLong-term functional recovery following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injuryMorbidity and mortality associated with free falls from a height among teenage patients: a 5-year review from a level 1 trauma centreA comparison of adverse events between trauma patients and general surgery patients in a level 1 trauma centreProcoagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in severely bleeding trauma patients: a laboratorial characterization of the early trauma coagulopathyThe use of mobile technology to facilitate surveillance and improve injury outcome in sport and physical activityIntegrated knowledge translation for injury quality improvement: a partnership between researchers and knowledge usersThe impact of a prevention project in trauma with young and their learningIntraosseus vascular access in adult trauma patients: a systematic reviewThematic analysis of patient reported experiences with acute and post-acute injury careAn evaluation of a world health organization trauma care checklist quality improvement pilot programProspective validation of the modified pediatric trauma triage toolThe 16-year evolution of a Canadian level 1 trauma centre: growing up, growing out, and the impact of a booming economyA 20-year review of trauma related literature: What have we done and where are we going?Management of traumatic flail chest: a systematic review of the literatureOperative versus nonoperative management of flail chestEmergency department performance of a clinically indicated and technically successful emergency department thoracotomy and pericardiotomy with minimal equipment in a New Zealand institution without specialized surgical backupBritish Columbia’s mobile medical unit — an emergency health care support resourceRoutine versus ad hoc screening for acute stress: Who would benefit and what are the opportunities for trauma care?A geographical analysis of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) and childhood injuryDevelopment of a pediatric spinal cord injury nursing course“Kids die in driveways” — an injury prevention campaignEpidemiology of traumatic spine injuries in childrenA collaborative approach to reducing injuries in New Brunswick: acute care and injury preventionImpact of changes to a provincial field trauma triage tool in New BrunswickEnsuring quality of field trauma triage in New BrunswickBenefits of a provincial trauma transfer referral system: beyond the numbersThe field trauma triage landscape in New BrunswickImpact of the Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) on trauma transfer intervals in a provincial, inclusive trauma systemTrauma and stress: a critical dynamics study of burnout in trauma centre healthcare professionalsUltrasound-guided pediatric forearm fracture reduction with sedation in the emergency departmentBlock first, opiates later? The use of the fascia iliaca block for patients with hip fractures in the emergency department: a systematic reviewRural trauma systems — demographic and survival analysis of remote traumas transferred from northern QuebecSimulation in trauma ultrasound trainingIncidence of clinically significant intra-abdominal injuries in stable blunt trauma patientsWake up: head injury management around the clockDamage control laparotomy for combat casualties in forward surgical facilitiesDetection of soft tissue foreign bodies by nurse practitioner performed ultrasoundAntihypertensive medications and walking devices are associated with falls from standingThe transfer process: perspectives of transferring physiciansDevelopment of a rodent model for the study of abdominal compartment syndromeClinical efficacy of routine repeat head computed tomography in pediatric traumatic brain injuryEarly warning scores (EWS) in trauma: assessing the “effectiveness” of interventions by a rural ground transport service in the interior of British ColumbiaAccuracy of trauma patient transfer documentation in BCPostoperative echocardiogram after penetrating cardiac injuries: a retrospective studyLoss to follow-up in trauma studies comparing operative methods: a systematic reviewWhat matters where and to whom: a survey of experts on the Canadian pediatric trauma systemA quality initiative to enhance pain management for trauma patients: baseline attitudes of practitionersComparison of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) values in massive and nonmassive transfusion patientsMild traumatic brain injury defined by GCS: Is it really mild?The CMAC videolaryngosocpe is superior to the glidescope for the intubation of trauma patients: a prospective analysisInjury patterns and outcome of urban versus suburban major traumaA cost-effective, readily accessible technique for progressive abdominal closureEvolution and impact of the use of pan-CT scan in a tertiary urban trauma centre: a 4-year auditAdditional and repeated CT scan in interfacilities trauma transfers: room for standardizationPediatric trauma in situ simulation facilitates identification and resolution of system issuesHospital code orange plan: there’s an app for thatDiaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma: an NTDB studyEarly closure of open abdomen using component separation techniqueSurgical fixation versus nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysisIntegration of intraoperative angiography as part of damage control surgery in major traumaMass casualty preparedness of regional trauma systems: recommendations for an evaluative frameworkDiagnostic peritoneal aspirate: An obsolete diagnostic modality?Blunt hollow viscus injury: the frequency and consequences of delayed diagnosis in the era of selective nonoperative managementEnding “double jeopardy:” the diagnostic impact of cardiac ultrasound and chest radiography on operative sequencing in penetrating thoracoabdominal traumaAre trauma patients with hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by rotem salvageable?The risk of cardiac injury after penetrating thoracic trauma: Which is the better predictor, hemodynamic status or pericardial window?The online Concussion Awareness Training Toolkit for health practitioners (CATT): a new resource for recognizing, treating, and managing concussionThe prevention of concussion and brain injury in child and youth team sportsRandomized controlled trial of an early rehabilitation intervention to improve return to work Rates following road traumaPhone call follow-upPericardiocentesis in trauma: a systematic review. Can J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Bray I, Richardson P, Harrison K. Smoking prevalence amongst UK Armed Forces recruits: changes in behaviour after 3 years follow-up and factors affecting smoking behaviour. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2013; 159:44-50. [PMID: 23720560 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2013-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate smoking prevalence of Tri-Service recruits, and changes in smoking behaviour at 3-year follow-up, by trade group and gender. Associations with educational attainment and deprivation were also assessed. METHODS: Analysis of a survey into the health behaviours of 10 531 recruits in 1998/1999. A follow-up 3 years later measured changes in behaviour. Correlation and multiple regression was used to investigate the relationship between smoking prevalence in each trade group and both educational attainment and deprivation, using Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004 (IMD 2004) scores. RESULTS: Army recruits exhibited a significantly higher smoking prevalence (45%) than Royal Navy recruits (34%) and Royal Air Force (RAF) recruits (31%). There were marked differences between smoking levels amongst officer cadets (12%, 20% and 10% in the Navy, Army and RAF, respectively) and other rank trade groups (24-56%), with the exception of the Marines (13%). At follow up, smoking had generally increased, and in some parts of the infantry had risen to 66%. There was a clear correlation between smoking at enlistment and both educational attainment (correlation coefficient=0.7, p<0.005) and deprivation score (correlation coefficient=0.8, p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: There were clear differences between Services, rank and trade groups in smoking prevalence at recruitment. Smoking levels increased in the 3 years after recruitment to the Armed Forces. Deprivation was more important than educational attainment in determining the smoking status of recruits.
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Sanchez-Calabuig MJ, de la Fuente J, Beltrán-Breña P, Martinez-Nevado E, Perez-Gutierrez JF, Blyde D, Johnston S, Harrison K, Lopez-Fernandez C, Gosalvez J. 170 ASSESSMENT OF FRESH AND FROZEN - THAWED BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION USING THE SPERM CHROMATIN DISPERSION TEST. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv25n1ab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant development over the last 20 years to improve genetic management of the captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) by means of genome resource banking and assisted reproduction. Although standard semen parameters have been analysed in some detail, very little is known about sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in this species. The aim of this study was to develop a sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCDt) for the bottlenose dolphin to establish the baseline level of SDF immediately after ejaculation and cryopreservation and to determine the dynamic loss of sperm DNA quality after ex vivo handing and incubation in conditions that mimic the female reproductive tract. Semen from 8 bottlenose dolphins was collected by manual stimulation. Initial validation of the SCDt was conducted by means of in situ nick translation and neutral comet assay using a proven fertile male. To investigate the dynamic loss of sperm chromatin (rate of sDF loss), thawed sperm samples were incubated at 37.9°C for up to 48 h, and aliquots of spermatozoa were assessed after 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h. Dolphin sperm nuclei with fragmented DNA exhibited large halos of dispersed DNA fragments, whereas those with nonfragmented DNA displayed small halos of nondispersed DNA. A high correlation (r2 = 0.82; P ≤ 0.01) was found between the respective assessments of the SCDt and the neutral comet assay. All nucleoids resulting in a large halo of dispersed chromatin were intensely positive to in situ nick translation. The level of sDF fragmentation observed immediately after ejaculation in fresh and frozen samples was relatively low (1–5%). After comparing different ejaculates of the same individual, differences were found. Chromatin stability was high during the first 48 h of ejaculation or post-thawing and incubation. Evaluation of the sDF dynamics of fresh and frozen–thawed spermatozoa revealed no significant increase in the baseline level of sDF or in the relative increase of DNA damage after 48 h of incubation. Our data suggest that cryopreservation does not induce a dramatic increase in sperm chromatin damage. Interestingly, sperm samples derived from aged animals resulted in an increased rate of DNA loss, which was observed after 60 min post-incubation.
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