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Cespedes M, Jacobs KR, Maruff P, Rembach A, Fowler CJ, Trounson B, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Rainey-Smithe SR, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Bourgeat P, Lim CK, Chatterjee P, Martins RN, Ittner A, Masters CL, Doecke JD, Guillemin GJ, Lovejoy DB. Systemic perturbations of the kynurenine pathway precede progression to dementia independently of amyloid-β. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Laffoon SB, Doecke JD, Roberts AM, Vance JA, Reeves BD, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Fowler CJ, Trounson B, Ames D, Martins R, Bush AI, Masters CL, Grieco PA, Dratz EA, Roberts BR. Analysis of plasma proteins using 2D gels and novel fluorescent probes: in search of blood based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:2. [PMID: 35081972 PMCID: PMC8790928 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Australian Imaging and Biomarker Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging is designed to aid the discovery of biomarkers. The current study aimed to discover differentially expressed plasma proteins that could yield a blood-based screening tool for Alzheimer's disease. METHODS The concentration of proteins in plasma covers a vast range of 12 orders of magnitude. Therefore, to search for medium to low abundant biomarkers and elucidate mechanisms of AD, we immuno-depleted the most abundant plasma proteins and pre-fractionated the remaining proteins by HPLC, prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The relative levels of approximately 3400 protein species resolved on the 2D gels were compared using in-gel differential analysis with spectrally resolved fluorescent protein detection dyes (Zdyes™). Here we report on analysis of pooled plasma samples from an initial screen of a sex-matched cohort of 72 probable AD patients and 72 healthy controls from the baseline time point of AIBL. RESULTS We report significant changes in variants of apolipoprotein E, haptoglobin, α1 anti-trypsin, inter-α trypsin inhibitor, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and a protein of unknown identity. α1 anti-trypsin and α1 anti-chymotrypsin demonstrated plasma concentrations that were dependent on APOE ε4 allele dose. Our analysis also identified an association with the level of Vitamin D binding protein fragments and complement factor I with sex. We then conducted a preliminary validation study, on unique individual samples compared to the discovery cohort, using a targeted LC-MS/MS assay on a subset of discovered biomarkers. We found that targets that displayed a high degree of isoform specific changes in the 2D gels were not changed in the targeted MS assay which reports on the total level of the biomarker. CONCLUSIONS This demonstrates that further development of mass spectrometry assays is needed to capture the isoform complexity that exists in theses biological samples. However, this study indicates that a peripheral protein signature has potential to aid in the characterization of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B. Laffoon
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO and Cooperative Research Centre of Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - Anne M. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, 4001 Rollins Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, 4001 Rollins Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | | | - Benjamin D. Reeves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
| | - Kelly K. Pertile
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Rumble
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Chris J. Fowler
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Brett Trounson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - David Ames
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health and The University of Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton South, VIC Australia
| | - Paul A. Grieco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
| | - Edward A. Dratz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA
| | - Blaine R. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, 4001 Rollins Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory School of Medicine, 4001 Rollins Research Building, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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3
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Doecke JD, Rembach A, Villemagne VL, Varghese S, Rainey-Smith S, Sarros S, Evered LA, Fowler CJ, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson B, Taddei K, Laws SM, Macaulay SL, Bush AI, Ellis KA, Martins R, Ames D, Silbert B, Vanderstichele H, Masters CL, Darby DG, Li QX, Collins S. Concordance Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers with Alzheimer's Disease Pathology Between Three Independent Assay Platforms. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:169-183. [PMID: 29171991 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To enhance the accuracy of clinical diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease (AD), pre-mortem biomarkers have become increasingly important for diagnosis and for participant recruitment in disease-specific treatment trials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provide a low-cost alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for in vivo quantification of different AD pathological hallmarks in the brains of affected subjects; however, consensus around the best platform, most informative biomarker and correlations across different methodologies are controversial. OBJECTIVE Assessing levels of Aβ-amyloid and tau species determined using three different versions of immunoassays, the current study explored the ability of CSF biomarkers to predict PET Aβ-amyloid (32 Aβ-amyloid-and 45 Aβ-amyloid+), as well as concordance between CSF biomarker levels and PET Aβ-amyloid imaging. METHODS Prediction and concordance analyses were performed using a sub-cohort of 77 individuals (48 healthy controls, 15 with mild cognitive impairment, and 14 with AD) from the Australian Imaging Biomarker and Lifestyle study of aging. RESULTS Across all three platforms, the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio biomarker had modestly higher correlation with SUVR/BeCKeT (ρ= 0.69-0.8) as compared with Aβ42 alone (ρ= 0.66-0.75). Differences in CSF biomarker levels between the PET Aβ-amyloid-and Aβ-amyloid+ groups were strongest for the Aβ42/Aβ40 and T-tau/Aβ42 ratios (p < 0.0001); however, comparison of predictive models for PET Aβ-amyloid showed no difference between Aβ42 alone and the T-tau/Aβ42 ratio. CONCLUSION This study confirms strong concordance between CSF biomarkers and PET Aβ-amyloid status is independent of immunoassay platform, supporting their utility as biomarkers in clinical practice for the diagnosis of AD and for participant enrichment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shannon Sarros
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisbeth A Evered
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Trounson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph Martins
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David G Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,National Dementia Diagnostics Laboratory, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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4
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Li QX, Villemagne VL, Doecke JD, Rembach A, Sarros S, Varghese S, McGlade A, Laughton KM, Pertile KK, Fowler CJ, Rumble RL, Trounson BO, Taddei K, Rainey-Smith SR, Laws SM, Robertson JS, Evered LA, Silbert B, Ellis KA, Rowe CC, Macaulay SL, Darby D, Martins RN, Ames D, Masters CL, Collins S. Alzheimer's Disease Normative Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Validated in PET Amyloid-β Characterized Subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:175-87. [PMID: 26401938 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ)(1-42), total-tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated-tau (P-tau181P) profile has been established as a valuable biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to determine CSF biomarker cut-points using positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ imaging screened subjects from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging, as well as correlate CSF analyte cut-points across a range of PET Aβ amyloid ligands. METHODS Aβ pathology was determined by PET imaging, utilizing ¹¹C-Pittsburgh Compound B, ¹⁸F-flutemetamol, or ¹⁸F-florbetapir, in 157 AIBL participants who also underwent CSF collection. Using an INNOTEST assay, cut-points were established (Aβ(1-42) >544 ng/L, T-tau <407 ng/L, and P-tau181P <78 ng/L) employing a rank based method to define a "positive" CSF in the sub-cohort of amyloid-PET negative healthy participants (n = 97), and compared with the presence of PET demonstrated AD pathology. RESULTS CSF Aβ(1-42) was the strongest individual biomarker, detecting cognitively impaired PET positive mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/AD with 85% sensitivity and 91% specificity. The ratio of P-tau181P or T-tau to Aβ(1-42) provided greater accuracy, predicting MCI/AD with Aβ pathology with ≥92% sensitivity and specificity. Cross-validated accuracy, using all three biomarkers or the ratio of P-tau or T-tau to Aβ(1-42) to predict MCI/AD, reached ≥92% sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS CSF Aβ(1-42) levels and analyte combination ratios demonstrated very high correlation with PET Aβ imaging. Our study offers additional support for CSF biomarkers in the early and accurate detection of AD pathology, including enrichment of patient cohorts for treatment trials even at the pre-symptomatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Xin Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- CSIRO Digital Productivity/Australian e-Health Research Centre and Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shannon Sarros
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiji Varghese
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia McGlade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina M Laughton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett O Trounson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joanne S Robertson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisbeth A Evered
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia, and Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia, and Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David Darby
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- The University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia.,National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven Collins
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Rembach A, Evered LA, Li QX, Nash T, Vidaurre L, Fowler CJ, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson BO, Maher S, Mooney F, Farrow M, Taddei K, Rainey-Smith S, Laws SM, Macaulay SL, Wilson W, Darby DG, Martins RN, Ames D, Collins S, Silbert B, Masters CL, Doecke JD. Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are not influenced by gravity drip or aspiration extraction methodology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7:71. [PMID: 26581886 PMCID: PMC4652410 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, although of established utility in the diagnostic evaluation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are known to be sensitive to variation based on pre-analytical sample processing. We assessed whether gravity droplet collection versus syringe aspiration was another factor influencing CSF biomarker analyte concentrations and reproducibility. Methods Standardized lumbar puncture using small calibre atraumatic spinal needles and CSF collection using gravity fed collection followed by syringe aspirated extraction was performed in a sample of elderly individuals participating in a large long-term observational research trial. Analyte assay concentrations were compared. Results For the 44 total paired samples of gravity collection and aspiration, reproducibility was high for biomarker CSF analyte assay concentrations (concordance correlation [95%CI]: beta-amyloid1-42 (Aβ42) 0.83 [0.71 - 0.90]), t-tau 0.99 [0.98 - 0.99], and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 0.82 [95 % CI 0.71 - 0.89]) and Bonferroni corrected paired sample t-tests showed no significant differences (group means (SD): Aβ42 366.5 (86.8) vs 354.3 (82.6), p = 0.10; t-tau 83.9 (46.6) vs 84.7 (47.4) p = 0.49; p-tau 43.5 (22.8) vs 40.0 (17.7), p = 0.05). The mean duration of collection was 10.9 minutes for gravity collection and <1 minute for aspiration. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that aspiration of CSF is comparable to gravity droplet collection for AD biomarker analyses but could considerably accelerate throughput and improve the procedural tolerability for assessment of CSF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lisbeth A Evered
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Tabitha Nash
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Lesley Vidaurre
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Brett O Trounson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Sarah Maher
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Francis Mooney
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Maree Farrow
- Alzheimer's Australia Victoria, 155 Oak Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. .,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. .,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Simon M Laws
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. .,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - S Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - William Wilson
- CSIRO Computational Informatics/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
| | - David G Darby
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia. .,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
| | - Steven Collins
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
| | - Brendan Silbert
- Centre for Anaesthesia and Cognitive Function, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Pain Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - James D Doecke
- CSIRO Preventative Health Flagship, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,CSIRO Computational Informatics/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
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Watt AD, Perez KA, Ang CS, O'Donnell P, Rembach A, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson BO, Fowler CJ, Faux NG, Masters CL, Villemagne VL, Barnham KJ. Peripheral α-defensins 1 and 2 are elevated in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:1131-43. [PMID: 25408207 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers enabling the preclinical identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain one of the major unmet challenges in the field. The blood cellular fractions offer a viable alternative to current cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging modalities. The current study aimed to replicate our earlier reports of altered binding within the AD-affected blood cellular fraction to copper-loaded immobilized metal affinity capture (IMAC) arrays. IMAC and anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody arrays coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyze blood samples collected from 218 participants from within the AIBL Study of Aging. Peripheral Aβ was fragile and prone to degradation in the AIBL samples, even when stored at -80°C. IMAC analysis of the AIBL samples lead to the isolation and identification of alpha-defensins 1 and 2 at elevated levels in the AD periphery, validating earlier findings. Alpha-defensins 1 and 2 were elevated in AD patients indicating that an inflammatory phenotype is present in the AD periphery; however, peripheral Aβ levels are required to supplement their prognostic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Watt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia The Neuroproteomics Platform, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Keyla A Perez
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia The Neuroproteomics Platform, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul O'Donnell
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett O Trounson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Noel G Faux
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia The Neuroproteomics Platform, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rembach A, Doecke JD, Roberts BR, Watt AD, Faux NG, Volitakis I, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson BO, Fowler CJ, Wilson W, Ellis KA, Martins RN, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Masters CL, AIBL research group, Bush AI. Longitudinal analysis of serum copper and ceruloplasmin in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:171-82. [PMID: 23168449 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that peripheral levels of copper and ceruloplasmin (CP) can differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from non-AD cases. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of serum copper, CP, and non-CP copper levels in a large cohort of AD subjects. METHODS Serum copper and CP concentrations were measured at baseline and at 18-months in participants from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted using both univariate and multivariate testing adjusting for age, gender, total protein, and ApoE ε4 genotype status. RESULTS There was no significant difference in levels of serum copper or CP between the AD and healthy control groups, however, we identified a near-significant decrease in non-CP copper in the mild cognitive impairment and AD groups at baseline (p = 0.02) that was significant at 18-months (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there may be decreased non-CP copper levels in mild cognitive impairment and AD, which is consistent with diminished copper-dependent biochemical activities described in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rembach A, Faux NG, Watt AD, Pertile KK, Rumble RL, Trounson BO, Fowler CJ, Roberts BR, Perez KA, Li QX, Laws SM, Taddei K, Rainey-Smith S, Robertson JS, Vandijck M, Vanderstichele H, Barnham KJ, Ellis KA, Szoeke C, Macaulay L, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Martins RN, Bush AI, Masters CL. Changes in plasma amyloid beta in a longitudinal study of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:53-61. [PMID: 23491263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A practical biomarker is required to facilitate the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)1-40, Aβ1-42, Aβn-40, and Aβn-42 peptides were measured at baseline and after 18 months in 771 participants from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Aβ peptide levels were compared with clinical pathology, neuroimaging and neuropsychological measurements. RESULTS Although inflammatory and renal function covariates influenced plasma Aβ levels significantly, a decrease in Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 was observed in patients with AD, and was also inversely correlated with neocortical amyloid burden. During the 18 months, plasma Aβ1-42 decreased in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in those transitioning from healthy to MCI. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with a number of published plasma Aβ studies and, although the prognostic value of individual measures in any given subject is limited, the diagnostic contribution of plasma Aβ may demonstrate utility when combined with a panel of peripheral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Noel G Faux
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Watt
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly K Pertile
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Rumble
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett O Trounson
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keyla A Perez
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Laws
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey-Smith
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne S Robertson
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manu Vandijck
- Department of Diagnostic Development, Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vanderstichele
- Department of Diagnostic Development, Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium; Biomarkable, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- Department of Psychiatry, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Faux NG, Ellis KA, Porter L, Fowler CJ, Laws SM, Martins RN, Pertile KK, Rembach A, Rowe CC, Rumble RL, Szoeke C, Taddei K, Taddei T, Trounson BO, Villemagne VL, Ward V, Ames D, Masters CL, Bush AI. Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Levels in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Healthy Elderly: Baseline Characteristics in Subjects of the Australian Imaging Biomarker Lifestyle Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 27:909-22. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel G. Faux
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn A. Ellis
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chris J. Fowler
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kelly K. Pertile
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Rumble
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Szoeke
- CSIRO Molecular and Health Technologies, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. WA, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brett O. Trounson
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa Ward
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup. WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Faux NG, Ellis KA, Fowler CJ, Martins R, Pertile KK, Rowe C, Rumble RL, Szoeke C, Porter L, Rembach A, Trounson B, Masters C, Ames D, Bush AI, AIBL Research Group. P3‐227: Plasma levels of homocysteine and red cell folate correlate with neurological composite z‐scores in Alzheimer's disease and healthy subjects: The Australian Imaging Biomarker Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel G. Faux
- Mental Health Research InstituteParkville Australia
| | | | | | - Ralph Martins
- School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Lorien Porter
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkville Australia
| | - Alan Rembach
- CSIRO Molecular and Health TechnologiesParkville Australia
| | | | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkville Australia
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11
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Faux NG, Ellis KA, Ames D, Fowler CJ, Martins RM, Pertile KK, Rowe C, Rumble RL, Szoeke C, Rembach A, Trounson B, Masters C, Bush AI. P3‐261: Alzheimer's disease is associated with lower hemoglobin levels and anemia: The Australian Imaging Biomarker Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel G. Faux
- Mental Health Research InstituteParkville Australia
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkville Australia
| | | | - Ralph M. Martins
- School of Exercise Biomedical and Health Sciences. Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalup Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Rembach
- CSIRO Molecular and Health TechnologiesParkville Australia
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12
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Veerappan S, Pertile KK, Islam AFM, Schäche M, Chen CY, Mitchell P, Dirani M, Baird PN. Role of the hepatocyte growth factor gene in refractive error. Ophthalmology 2009; 117:239-45.e1-2. [PMID: 20005573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refractive errors such as myopia and hypermetropia are among the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Several genetic loci have been associated with myopia but none to date have been reported for hypermetropia. We investigated the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a candidate gene influencing these 2 refractive error states. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 551 individuals (193 males, 358 females; mean age, 55.41+/-12.65 years) including 117 individuals with high myopia <or= -6.00 diopters (D), 140 individuals with low/moderate myopia (-2.00 to -5.99 D), 148 emmetropic individuals (-0.50 to +0.75 D) and 146 hyperopic individuals (>+2.00 D) were included in the analysis from 3 different Australian population cohorts (The Genes in Myopia Study, the Blue Mountains Eye Study, and the Melbourne Visual impairment project). METHODS Genotyping of 9 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that encompassed the entire HGF gene and its associated sequences as well as 6 additional SNPs identified through DNA resequencing was undertaken. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genetic association with refraction. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, the SNPs rs12536657 (odds ratio [OR], 5.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-26.76) and rs5745718 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.30-3.85) showed significant association with hypermetropia. Whereas the SNPs rs1743 (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.43; P = .009), rs4732402 (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.23-3.36; P = 0.005), rs12536657 (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.40-4.05; P = 0.001), rs10272030 (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.31-3.75; P = 0.003), and rs9642131 (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.43-4.14; P = 0.001) showed significant association with low/moderate myopia. CONCLUSIONS These findings present the HGF gene as the first gene significantly associated with hypermetropia as well as providing evidence of significant association with myopia in a second ethnic population. In addition, it provides insights into the important biological mechanisms that regulate human ocular development (emmetropization), which are currently poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundar Veerappan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia
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13
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Pertile KK, Scha¨che M, Islam FMA, Chen CY, Dirani M, Mitchell P, Baird PN. Assessment ofTGIFas a Candidate Gene for Myopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 49:49-54. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Pertile
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
| | - Maria Scha¨che
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
| | - F. M. Amirul Islam
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
| | - Christine Y. Chen
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the3Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul N. Baird
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia; and the
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scha¨che
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Richardson
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kelly K. Pertile
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katrina Scurrah
- Department of Physiology, and the4Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; and the
| | - Paul N. Baird
- From the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the2Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Chen CY, Stankovich J, Scurrah KJ, Garoufalis P, Dirani M, Pertile KK, Richardson AJ, Baird PN. Linkage Replication of theMYP12Locus in Common Myopia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:4433-9. [PMID: 17898262 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia is a common disorder with a large public health impact. Although 12 myopia loci have been reported and heterogeneity for high myopia loci have been demonstrated, replication of high-myopia loci with a common myopia phenotype has not been successful. This study reports the successful replication of MYP12 in three large, multigenerational families with autosomal dominant (AD) common myopia (spherical equivalent [SphE] </= -0.50 D). METHODS These families contained 49 participants (35 affected). The average spherical equivalent was -2.76 D (range, -0.50 to -10.25 D), average axial length was 24.52 mm (range, 23.05-27.11 mm), and average keratometry was 43.21 D (range, 39.12-47.31 D). Only five individuals in the three families presented with myopia of SphE </= -6.00 D. Glaucoma, keratoconus, lenticonus, and dislocated lens were not present in any study participants. A genomewide scan was performed using a mapping set with 400 markers at approximately 10 cM coverage. Merlin software was used for multipoint linkage analysis based on an AD model with a penetrance of 0.9 and disease allele frequency of 0.013. RESULTS Significant linkage with a multipoint parametric LOD score of 3.428 (P = 0.000035) and a multipoint nonparametric (Kong and Cox) LOD score of 2.37 (empiric P < 0.001) was obtained on 2q37.1, with a 1-LOD support interval that overlapped the previously reported MYP12 locus for high myopia. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence that some high-myopia loci may contribute to all degrees of myopia and indicated the likely location of a myopia gene for the low/moderate as well as the high form of myopia.
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Garoufalis P, Chen CY, Islam FMA, Dirani M, Pertile KK, Richardson AJ, Couper TA, Taylor HR, Baird PN. Evaluation of Accuracy in Proband-Reported Family History and Its Determinants: The Genes in Myopia Family Study. Optom Vis Sci 2007; 84:481-6. [PMID: 17568317 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0b013e31806dba75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Proband-reported family histories are widely used in epidemiological and genetic studies. The accuracy of these reports may have significant effects on the intended outcome, particularly in genetic studies. This study aims to determine the accuracy of proband-reported family history of myopia and to assess whether demographic or clinical factors are predictive of an accurate history. METHODS In 2004 to 2005, the study recruited 120 myopic probands (< or = -0.50 D spherical equivalent in both eyes) aged 18 to 72 years and 358 nuclear family members residing within Victoria, Australia as part of the Genes in Myopia (GEM) family study. Data collection used an examiner-administered questionnaire with an ocular examination. Proband-reported family history of myopia was evaluated for agreement with ophthalmic examination results of family members. RESULTS The statistical measures of accuracy used in this report were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Sensitivity varied from 85 to 98%, specificity from 84 to 96%, positive predictive value from 83 to 97%, and negative predictive value from 84 to 97%. Following multivariate analysis, an evaluation of demographic and clinical factors indicated that the highest predictive accuracy was obtained from proband reporting of their children [odds ratio (OR), 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15 to 0.94] whereas the most inaccurate reporting of a proband was when there was less-severe maternal myopia (per 0.50 D less myopic) (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.43) or for increase in total education of the proband (per 1 year increase) (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.42). CONCLUSIONS Several variables influence the accuracy of obtaining a family history of myopia. A questionnaire-based approach alone will introduce some error into the study and this should be taken into account when designing and undertaking family-based epidemiological or genetic studies of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam Garoufalis
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Ballard SA, Pertile KK, Lim M, Johnson PDR, Grayson ML. Molecular characterization of vanB elements in naturally occurring gut anaerobes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:1688-94. [PMID: 15855482 PMCID: PMC1087664 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.5.1688-1694.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the isolation of 10 vancomycin-resistant gram-positive anaerobic bacilli carrying the vanB ligase gene from nine hemodialysis patients (S. A. Ballard et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:77-81, 2005; T. P. Stinear et al., Lancet 357:855-856, 2001). In the present study, the molecular and evolutionary relationship of the vanB resistance element within these 10 anaerobes and two vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were examined. PCR analysis and nucleotide sequencing demonstrated that all 12 isolates carried the vanB operon associated with an element identical to Tn1549 and Tn5382 of Enterococcus. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the vanB operon in these isolates revealed two distinct patterns, and sequencing showed that minor base differences existed. PCR amplification of the joint region of a circular intermediate was demonstrated in nine of these organisms, a finding indicative of an ability to excise and circularize, an intermediate step in transposition and conjugative transfer. Southern hybridization with a vanB-vanX(B) probe suggests that there is one insert of the transposon in all isolates. Sequence analysis of the integration site revealed distinct sequences: the Tn1549/5382 element within E. faecium was inserted within the host chromosome, whereas nucleotide sequences surrounding the Tn1549/5382 element in the 10 anaerobes showed no significant homology to sequences in the GenBank database. We demonstrate considerable similarity between the Tn1549/5382 element identified in 10 anaerobe isolates with that found in enterococci. The homology and potential to transpose suggest a recent horizontal transfer event may have occurred. However, the original direction of transposition and the mechanism involved remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ballard
- Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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