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Williams KE, Andraca Harrer J, LaBelle SA, Leguineche K, Kaiser J, Karipott S, Lin A, Vongphachanh A, Fulton T, Rosenthal JW, Muhib F, Ong KG, Weiss JA, Willett NJ, Guldberg RE. Early Resistance Rehabilitation Improves Functional Regeneration Following Segmental Bone Defect Injury. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3236150. [PMID: 37886569 PMCID: PMC10602073 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3236150/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is integral to bone development and repair. The application of mechanical loads through rehabilitation are regularly prescribed as a clinical aide following severe bone injuries. However, current rehabilitation regimens typically involve long periods of non-loading and rely on subjective patient feedback, leading to muscle atrophy and soft tissue fibrosis. While many pre-clinical studies have focused on unloading, ambulatory loading, or direct mechanical compression, rehabilitation intensity and its impact on the local strain environment and subsequent bone healing have largely not been investigated. This study combines implantable strain sensors and subject-specific finite element models in a pre-clinical rodent model with a defect size on the cusp of critically-sized. Animals were enrolled in either high or low intensity rehabilitation one week post injury to investigate how rehabilitation intensity affects the local mechanical environment and subsequent functional bone regeneration. The high intensity rehabilitation animals were given free access to running wheels with resistance, which increased local strains within the regenerative niche by an average of 44% compared to the low intensity (no-resistance) group. Finite element modeling demonstrated that resistance rehabilitation significantly increased compressive strain by a factor of 2.0 at week 1 and 4.45 after 4 weeks of rehabilitation. The resistance rehabilitation group had significantly increased regenerated bone volume and higher bone bridging rates than its sedentary counterpart (bone volume: 22.00 mm3 ± 4.26 resistance rehabilitation vs 8.00 mm3 ± 2.27 sedentary; bridging rates: 90% resistance rehabilitation vs 50% sedentary). In addition, animals that underwent resistance running had femurs with improved mechanical properties compared to those left in sedentary conditions, with failure torque and torsional stiffness values matching their contralateral, intact femurs (stiffness: 0.036 Nm/deg ± 0.006 resistance rehabilitation vs 0.008 Nm/deg ± 0.006 sedentary). Running on a wheel with no resistance rehabilitation also increased bridging rates (100% no resistance rehabilitation vs 50% sedentary). Analysis of bone volume and von Frey suggest no-resistance rehabilitation may improve bone regeneration and hindlimb functionality. These results demonstrate the potential for early resistance rehabilitation as a rehabilitation regimen to improve bone regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E. Williams
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Julia Andraca Harrer
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - Steven A. LaBelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841123
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kelly Leguineche
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Jarred Kaiser
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
- Emory University, Decatur, GA
| | - Salil Karipott
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Angela Lin
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Alyssa Vongphachanh
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Travis Fulton
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - J. Walker Rosenthal
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Farhan Muhib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841123
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Keat Ghee Ong
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Jeffrey A. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841123
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841123
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact Department of Bioengineering, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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Vantucci CE, Guyer T, Leguineche K, Chatterjee P, Lin A, Nash KE, Hastings MA, Fulton T, Smith CT, Maniar D, Frey Rubio DA, Peterson K, Harrer JA, Willett NJ, Roy K, Guldberg RE. Systemic Immune Modulation Alters Local Bone Regeneration in a Delayed Treatment Composite Model of Non-Union Extremity Trauma. Front Surg 2022; 9:934773. [PMID: 35874126 PMCID: PMC9300902 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.934773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone non-unions resulting from severe traumatic injuries pose significant clinical challenges, and the biological factors that drive progression towards and healing from these injuries are still not well understood. Recently, a dysregulated systemic immune response following musculoskeletal trauma has been identified as a contributing factor for poor outcomes and complications such as infections. In particular, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immunosuppressive myeloid-lineage cells that expand in response to traumatic injury, have been highlighted as a potential therapeutic target to restore systemic immune homeostasis and ultimately improve functional bone regeneration. Previously, we have developed a novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategy to deplete MDSCs using Janus gold nanoparticles that mimic the structure and function of antibodies. Here, in a preclinical delayed treatment composite injury model of bone and muscle trauma, we investigate the effects of these nanoparticles on circulating MDSCs, systemic immune profiles, and functional bone regeneration. Unexpectedly, treatment with the nanoparticles resulted in depletion of the high side scatter subset of MDSCs and an increase in the low side scatter subset of MDSCs, resulting in an overall increase in total MDSCs. This overall increase correlated with a decrease in bone volume (P = 0.057) at 6 weeks post-treatment and a significant decrease in mechanical strength at 12 weeks post-treatment compared to untreated rats. Furthermore, MDSCs correlated negatively with endpoint bone healing at multiple timepoints. Single cell RNA sequencing of circulating immune cells revealed differing gene expression of the SNAb target molecule S100A8/A9 in MDSC sub-populations, highlighting a potential need for more targeted approaches to MDSC immunomodulatory treatment following trauma. These results provide further insights on the role of systemic immune dysregulation for severe trauma outcomes in the case of non-unions and composite injuries and suggest the need for additional studies on targeted immunomodulatory interventions to enhance healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey E Vantucci
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tyler Guyer
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Kelly Leguineche
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Paramita Chatterjee
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Marcus Center for Therapeutic Cell Characterization and Manufacturing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Angela Lin
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Kylie E Nash
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Molly Ann Hastings
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Travis Fulton
- The Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA, United States of America.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Clinton T Smith
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Drishti Maniar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - David A Frey Rubio
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kaya Peterson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Julia Andraca Harrer
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Nick J Willett
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America.,The Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center Atlanta, Decatur, GA, United States of America.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Knight Campus or Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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Chilmonczyk MA, Doron G, Kottke PA, Culberson AL, Leguineche K, Guldberg RE, Horwitz EM, Fedorov AG. Localized Sampling Enables Monitoring of Cell State via Inline Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000277. [PMID: 32975016 PMCID: PMC7940552 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nascent advanced therapies, including regenerative medicine and cell and gene therapies, rely on the production of cells in bioreactors that are highly heterogeneous in both space and time. Unfortunately, advanced therapies have failed to reach a wide patient population due to unreliable manufacturing processes that result in batch variability and cost prohibitive production. This can be attributed largely to a void in existing process analytical technologies (PATs) capable of characterizing the secreted critical quality attribute (CQA) biomolecules that correlate with the final product quality. The Dynamic Sampling Platform (DSP) is a PAT for cell bioreactor monitoring that can be coupled to a suite of sensor techniques to provide real-time feedback on spatial and temporal CQA content in situ. In this study, DSP is coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and direct-from-culture sampling to obtain measures of CQA content in bulk media and the cell microenvironment throughout the entire cell culture process (≈3 weeks). Post hoc analysis of this real-time data reveals that sampling from the microenvironment enables cell state monitoring (e.g., confluence, differentiation). These results demonstrate that an effective PAT should incorporate both spatial and temporal resolution to serve as an effective input for feedback control in biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Chilmonczyk
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gilad Doron
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter A. Kottke
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin L. Culberson
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly Leguineche
- The Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- The Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Andrei G. Fedorov
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Cell Manufacturing Technologies (CMaT), Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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