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Beltrà M, Pöllänen N, Fornelli C, Tonttila K, Hsu MY, Zampieri S, Moletta L, Corrà S, Porporato PE, Kivelä R, Viscomi C, Sandri M, Hulmi JJ, Sartori R, Pirinen E, Penna F. NAD + repletion with niacin counteracts cancer cachexia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1849. [PMID: 37012289 PMCID: PMC10070388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. In this study we confirm that depletion of NAD+ and downregulation of Nrk2, an NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, are common features of severe cachexia in different mouse models. Testing NAD+ repletion therapy in cachectic mice reveals that NAD+ precursor, vitamin B3 niacin, efficiently corrects tissue NAD+ levels, improves mitochondrial metabolism and ameliorates cancer- and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. In a clinical setting, we show that muscle NRK2 is downregulated in cancer patients. The low expression of NRK2 correlates with metabolic abnormalities underscoring the significance of NAD+ in the pathophysiology of human cancer cachexia. Overall, our results propose NAD+ metabolism as a therapy target for cachectic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Beltrà
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Fornelli
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Kialiina Tonttila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Moletta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Padova (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Fabio Penna
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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