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Jain M, Sawant R, Panchal H, S A, Jena A, Gupta R, Kumar K, Jambunathan R, Modi S, Mullasari A, Sinha N, Shetty K, Kawatra P. Evaluating LDL-C control in Indian acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients- A retrospective real-world study LDL-C control in ACS. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev 2023; 19:200210. [PMID: 37771607 PMCID: PMC10523158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) progression. Although lipid lowering therapies remain the cornerstone of secondary ACSVD prevention, there exists residual dyslipidemia. The current study aimed to evaluate the real-world experience related to the treatment patterns and LDL-C control in Indian Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods This was a real-world, descriptive, retrospective, observational, and multicentric study conducted across India. The data was collected for 1 year following the ACS event. The change in the levels of LDL-C from the baseline to the follow-up visits and the control of LDL-C, the change in lipid profile, lipoprotein levels, treatment patterns for lipid-lowering, and tolerability of existing treatments were evaluated. Results Overall, 575 patients were included from 11 centers across India. The mean age of the patients was 52.92 years, with male predominance (76.35%). Although there was a significant reduction in the mean levels of LDL-C from the baseline [(122.64 ± 42.01 mg/dl to 74.41 ± 26.45 mg/dl (p < 0.001)], it was observed that despite high-intensity statin therapy, only 20.87% patients managed to achieve target LDL-C of <55 mg/dL and 55.65% were unable to reach LDL-C levels of <70 mg/dl one year after the event. Six patients reported adverse events without treatment discontinuation. Conclusion The majority of the patients received high-intensity statins and did not attain target LDL-C levels, suggesting LDL-C control after an ACS event requires management with novel therapies having better efficacy as recommended by international and national guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anand S
- Kauvery Heart City, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunil Modi
- Indraprasatha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Kimi Shetty
- Medical Lead, Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Kawatra
- Franchise Medical Head, Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Mumbai, India
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Mehta A, Chanana B, Sathe A, Kumar S, Raghuraman B, Kumar S, Shetty K, Billa G, Gupta P. Sacubitril/valsartan in Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients: a real-world study in India. Indian Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tiwaskar M, Kalra S, Bantwal G, Bhattacharya A, Sahay M, Jadhav U, Joshi A, Das AK, Khullar D, Baruah M, Punyani H, Kishor K, Shetty K, Ved J. SGLT2-inhibition and Vascular Euphoria a Reconciliation of Vascular Health and Disease Homeostasis. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34470191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concept of SGLT2-inhibition, once regarded as a non-physiological approach to glycemia control, now finds a foundational relevance in risk-modification for cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes, spanning beyond type-2 diabetes. Major studies have proven meaningful improvements in various clinical outcomes, with different SGLT2-i agents. Apart from glycosuria, SGLT2-inhibition is associated with several patho-physiological effects, which may contribute to the clinical benefits seen with these agents. This narrative review is an attempt to appraise the different patho-physiological effects mediated by SGLT2-inhibition, based on contemporary evidence. The review classifies these effects in the acronym of EUPHORIA, and grades the possible relevance of each effect, in improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh Tiwaskar
- Consultant Physician & Diabetologist, Shilpa Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Bharti Hospital, Haryana
| | - Ganapathi Bantwal
- Professor and Head of the Department of Endocrinology, St. Johns Medical College & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka
| | | | - Manisha Sahay
- Professor and Head of Nephrology Department, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Uday Jadhav
- Consultant Cardiologist, MGM Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - Ameya Joshi
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Bhaktivedanta Hospital and Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - A K Das
- Professor and Head of Endocrinology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry
| | - Dinesh Khullar
- Chairman - Nephrology and Renal Transplant Medicine, Department of Nephrology and Renal transplant medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Manash Baruah
- Consultant Endocrinologist, Excel care Hospitals, Guwahati, Assam
| | - Hitesh Punyani
- Consultant Diabetologist, Apollo Cradle Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Kamal Kishor
- Consultant Cardiologist, RAMA Superspeciality and Critical Care Hospital, Karnal, Haryana
| | - Kimi Shetty
- Department of Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim
| | - Jignesh Ved
- Department of Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim
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Dey S, Shetty K, Thomas M. Letter to the Editor. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1455. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - K. Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - M. Thomas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
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Angadi NB, Kavi A, Shetty K, Hashilkar NK. Effectiveness of flipped classroom as a teaching-learning method among undergraduate medical students - An interventional study. J Educ Health Promot 2019; 8:211. [PMID: 31807601 PMCID: PMC6852382 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_163_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attempts to put the available teaching-learning time to better use and address the needs of students by increasing active involvement led to the evolution of the flipped classroom (FC). It involves providing study resources for students to use outside the class so that class time is freed up for instructional activities. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of flipped classroom activity as a teaching-learning method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this interventional study, 98 students were divided into two batches of flipped class and conventional small group teaching (SGT). An online Google group was created for the batch of FC. Brief introduction and prerecorded videos related to the assigned topic were posted in the Google group. Discussion was carried out in the form of solving cases and problem-solving exercises. Pretest and posttest were conducted at each session, and an end of module test was conducted for both the groups. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the pre- and posttest scores and also the mean scores of summative test between two groups (P < 0.001). The perception of the students regarding FC was also evaluated. Eighty-two percent strongly agreed that FC was more engaging and interesting in comparison to traditional class. Seventy-six percent strongly agreed that more such classes should be conducted in the future. CONCLUSION Flipped classroom improved the student performance and learning experience effectively as compared to conventional SGT, and students' response was also largely positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netravathi Basavaraj Angadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kavi
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kimi Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayana Kamalnayan Hashilkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Shetty
- Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V. Nayyar
- Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E. Stachowski
- Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K. Byth
- Intensive Care Unit, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney
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Adekunbi DA, Li XF, Lass G, Shetty K, Adegoke OA, Yeo SH, Colledge WH, Lightman SL, O'Byrne KT. Kisspeptin neurones in the posterodorsal medial amygdala modulate sexual partner preference and anxiety in male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12572. [PMID: 29356147 PMCID: PMC5873280 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is a neural site in the limbic brain involved in regulating emotional and sexual behaviours. There is, however, limited information available on the specific neuronal cell type in the MePD functionally mediating these behaviours in rodents. The recent discovery of a significant kisspeptin neurone population in the MePD has raised interest in the possible role of kisspeptin and its cognate receptor in sexual behaviour. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that the MePD kisspeptin neurone population is involved in regulating attraction towards opposite sex conspecifics, sexual behaviour, social interaction and the anxiety response by selectively stimulating these neurones using the novel pharmacosynthetic DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) technique. Adult male Kiss-Cre mice received bilateral stereotaxic injections of a stimulatory DREADD viral construct (AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM3 D(Gq)-mCherry) targeted to the MePD, with subsequent activation by i.p. injection of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Socio-sexual behaviours were assessed in a counter-balanced fashion after i.p. injection of either saline or CNO (5 mg kg-1 ). Selective activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones by CNO significantly increased the time spent by male mice in investigating an oestrous female, as well as the duration of social interaction. Additionally, after CNO injection, the mice appeared less anxious, as indicated by a longer exploratory time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. However, levels of copulatory behaviour were comparable between CNO and saline-treated controls. These data indicate that DREADD-induced activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones enhances both sexual partner preference in males and social interaction and also decreases anxiety, suggesting a key role played by MePD kisspeptin in sexual motivation and social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Adekunbi
- Division of Women's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - X. F. Li
- Division of Women's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Lass
- Division of Women's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. Shetty
- Division of Women's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - O. A. Adegoke
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - S. H. Yeo
- Reproductive Physiology GroupDepartment of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - W. H. Colledge
- Reproductive Physiology GroupDepartment of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - S. L. Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and EndocrinologyUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - K. T. O'Byrne
- Division of Women's HealthFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Luke AM, Kassem RK, Dehghani SN, Mathew S, Shetty K, Ali IK, Pawar AM. Prevalence of Dental Developmental Anomalies in Patients Attending a Faculty of Dentistry in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín integr 2017. [DOI: 10.4034/pboci.2017.171.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Chekanov V, Krakovsky A, Bushlenko N, Riabinina L, Andreev D, Shatalov K, Dubrovsky I, Pekarsky V, Akhmedov SD, Trehan N, Shetty K. Cardiomyoplasty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153857449402800706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors present their experience with cardiomyoplasty in 25 patients. They describe the early and late results, control of hemodynamic changes, and the optimal regimen for stimulation of the muscular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.S. Chekanov
- Bakulev Institute for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow
| | | | | | | | - D.B. Andreev
- Bakulev Institute for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow
| | - K.V. Shatalov
- Bakulev Institute for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow
| | | | | | - Sh. D. Akhmedov
- Siberian Scientific Investigation Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - K. Shetty
- Cumballa Hill Heart Institute, Bombay, India
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Reddy R, Shetty R, Raman V, Nayar S, Shetty K. Correlation of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness with severity of coronary artery disease – An observational study. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Jiang P, Mukthavaram R, Chao Y, Nomura N, Bharati IS, Fogal V, Pastorino S, Teng D, Cong X, Pingle SC, Kapoor S, Shetty K, Aggrawal A, Vali S, Abbasi T, Chien S, Kesari S. In vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of mevalonate pathway modulation on human cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1562-71. [PMID: 25093497 PMCID: PMC4200085 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increasing usage of statins (the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) has revealed a number of unexpected beneficial effects, including a reduction in cancer risk. Methods: We investigated the direct anticancer effects of different statins approved for clinical use on human breast and brain cancer cells. We also explored the effects of statins on cancer cells using in silico simulations. Results: In vitro studies showed that cerivastatin, pitavastatin, and fluvastatin were the most potent anti-proliferative, autophagy inducing agents in human cancer cells including stem cell-like primary glioblastoma cell lines. Consistently, pitavastatin was more effective than fluvastatin in inhibiting U87 tumour growth in vivo. Intraperitoneal injection was much better than oral administration in delaying glioblastoma growth. Following statin treatment, tumour cells were rescued by adding mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Knockdown of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase-1 also induced strong cell autophagy and cell death in vitro and reduced U87 tumour growth in vivo. These data demonstrate that statins main effect is via targeting the mevalonate synthesis pathway in tumour cells. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potent anticancer effects of statins. These safe and well-tolerated drugs need to be further investigated as cancer chemotherapeutics in comprehensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiang
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - R Mukthavaram
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Y Chao
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - N Nomura
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - I S Bharati
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V Fogal
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Pastorino
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D Teng
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Cong
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S C Pingle
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Kapoor
- Cellworks Group, Inc., 2025 Gateway Place, Suite 265, San Jose, CA 95110, USA
| | - K Shetty
- Cellworks Group, Inc., 2025 Gateway Place, Suite 265, San Jose, CA 95110, USA
| | - A Aggrawal
- Cellworks Group, Inc., 2025 Gateway Place, Suite 265, San Jose, CA 95110, USA
| | - S Vali
- Cellworks Group, Inc., 2025 Gateway Place, Suite 265, San Jose, CA 95110, USA
| | - T Abbasi
- Cellworks Group, Inc., 2025 Gateway Place, Suite 265, San Jose, CA 95110, USA
| | - S Chien
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S Kesari
- 1] Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA [2] Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Terrault N, Reddy KR, Poordad F, Curry M, Schiano T, Johl J, Shaikh O, Dove L, Shetty K, Millis M, Schiff E, Regenstein F, Barnes D, Barin B, Peters M, Roland M, Stock P. Peginterferon and ribavirin for treatment of recurrent hepatitis C disease in HCV-HIV coinfected liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1129-35. [PMID: 24636466 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Achievement of a sustained virologic response (SVR) with antiviral therapy significantly improves graft survival in hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected liver transplant (LT) patients. Risks and benefits of HCV therapy in HCV-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected LT recipients are not well established. Among 89 HCV-HIV LT recipients in the HIVTR cohort, 39 (23% Black, 79% genotype 1, 83% fibrosis stage ≤ 1) were treated with peginterferon-a2a or a2b plus ribavirin for a median 363 days (14-1373). On intent-to-treat basis, 22% (95% CI: 10-39) and 14% (95% CI: 5-30) achieved an end-of-treatment response (EOTR) and SVR, respectively. By per-protocol analysis (completed 48 weeks of therapy ± dose reductions), 42% and 26% had EOTR and SVR, respectively. Severe adverse events occurred in 85%, with 26% hospitalized with infections and 13% developing acute rejection. Early discontinuations and dose reductions occurred in 38% and 82%, respectively, despite use of growth factors in 85%. Eighteen of 39 treated patients (46%) subsequently died/had graft loss, with 10 (26%) attributed to recurrent HCV. In conclusion, SVR rates are low and tolerability is poor in HCV-HIV coinfected transplant recipients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. These results highlight the critical need for better tolerated and more efficacious HCV therapies for HCV-HIV coinfected transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Terrault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Kumar N, Shetty K. Sevoflurane in a child with cerebellar ataxia and central hypomyelination syndrome with hypoplastic corpus callosum. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2348-0548.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Narayana Nathralaya - 2, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru
| | - K. Shetty
- Department of Ophthalmology, Narayana Nathralaya - 2, Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bengaluru
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Jayaprakash K, Upadhya P, Nandish B, Shetty A, Shetty K, Ginjupalli K, Voddya S, Prabhu S. Impact of Water Quality and Water Powder Ratio on the Properties of Type 4 - Die Stones (Gypsum Products) used in Dentistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5455/ijhrs.000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hawksworth JS, Rosen-Bronson S, Island E, Girlanda R, Guerra JF, Valdiconza C, Kishiyama K, Christensen KD, Kozlowski S, Kaufman S, Little C, Shetty K, Laurin J, Satoskar R, Kallakury B, Fishbein TM, Matsumoto CS. Successful isolated intestinal transplantation in sensitized recipients with the use of virtual crossmatching. Am J Transplant 2012; 12 Suppl 4:S33-42. [PMID: 22947089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated virtual crossmatching (VXM) for organ allocation and immunologic risk reduction in sensitized isolated intestinal transplantation recipients. All isolated intestine transplants performed at our institution from 2008 to 2011 were included in this study. Allograft allocation in sensitized recipients was based on the results of a VXM, in which the donor-specific antibody (DSA) was prospectively evaluated with the use of single-antigen assays. A total of 42 isolated intestine transplants (13 pediatric and 29 adult) were performed during this time period, with a median follow-up of 20 months (6-40 months). A sensitized (PRA ≥ 20%) group (n = 15) was compared to a control (PRA < 20%) group (n = 27) to evaluate the efficacy of VXM. With the use of VXM, 80% (12/15) of the sensitized patients were transplanted with a negative or weakly positive flow-cytometry crossmatch and 86.7% (13/15) with zero or only low-titer (≤ 1:16) DSA. Outcomes were comparable between sensitized and control recipients, including 1-year freedom from rejection (53.3% and 66.7% respectively, p = 0.367), 1-year patient survival (73.3% and 88.9% respectively, p = 0.197) and 1-year graft survival (66.7% and 85.2% respectively, p = 0.167). In conclusion, a VXM strategy to optimize organ allocation enables sensitized patients to successfully undergo isolated intestinal transplantation with acceptable short-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Hawksworth
- Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Lough D, Abdo J, Guerra-Castro JF, Matsumoto C, Kaufman S, Shetty K, Kwon YK, Zasloff M, Fishbein TM. Abnormal CX3CR1⁺ lamina propria myeloid cells from intestinal transplant recipients with NOD2 mutations. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:992-1003. [PMID: 22233287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in intestinal transplantation, chronic inflammation remains a challenge. We have reported that the risk of immunological graft loss is almost 100-fold greater in recipients who carry any of the prevalent NOD2 polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease, and have shown that the normal levels of a key antimicrobial peptide produced by the Paneth cells of the allograft, fall as the graft becomes repopulated by hematopoietic cells of the NOD2 mutant recipient. These studies are extended in this report. Within several months following engraftment into a NOD2 mutant recipient the allograft loses its capacity to prevent adherence of lumenal microbes. Despite the significantly increased expression of CX3CL1, a stress protein produced by the injured enterocyte, NOD2 mutant CX3CR1(+) myeloid cells within the lamina propria fail to exhibit the characteristic morphological phenotype, and fail to express key genes required expressed by NOD2 wild-type cells, including Wnt 5a. We propose that the CX3CR1(+) myeloid cell within the lamina propria supports normal Paneth cell function through expression of Wnt 5a, and that this function is impaired in the setting of intestinal transplantation into a NOD2 mutant recipient. The therapeutic value of Wnt 5a administration in this setting is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lough
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Agrawal N, Parajuli S, Zhao P, Satoskar R, Laurin J, Azumi N, Matsumoto C, Shetty K. Liver transplantation in the management of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: a single-center experience and review of the literature. Transplant Proc 2012; 43:2647-50. [PMID: 21911139 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic epitheliod hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare tumor of vascular origin with unpredictable malignant potential. We describe our experience with four biopsy-proven HEHE cases that were considered for orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). Three patients had preserved hepatic function and despite extensive disease burden did not develop disease progression while awaiting OLT. We were able to utilize the review process allowed by United Network of Organ Sharing to obtain additional priority for OLT for these patients. This led to expedited organ allocation and excellent post-OLT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Agrawal
- Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Shetty K, Lukose T, Brown RS. Evaluation of blood glucose levels after hepatitis B immune globulin administration utilizing two different blood glucose monitoring systems. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:4123-6. [PMID: 21168642 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) is used post liver transplantation (OLT) in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive recipients to prevent recurrence of hepatitis B. One formulation of HBIG, HepaGam B, contains the disaccharide maltose, which can potentially falsely elevate glucose readings when glucose nonspecific point of care (GNSPOC) testing is used, such as a glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ)-based method. This can result in inappropriate administration of antidiabetic agents and resultant episodes of clinically significant hypoglycemia. Glucose specific point of care (GSPOC) testing, such as a glucose oxidase-based method, however, is not affected by the presence of maltose. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in glucose readings using GSPOC and GNSPOC monitoring devices after HBIG administration. METHODS This is a nonrandomized, prospective study evaluating patients receiving maintenance HBIG therapy over 3 months post liver transplantation. Blood glucose levels in each subject were analyzed by GSPOC and GNSPOC devices at specific times around HBIG administration. RESULTS Five adult OLT recipients receiving maintenance HBIG therapy were administered HepaGam B during the regularly scheduled outpatient visits. The median difference (GNSPOC minus GSPOC) predose as well as immediately, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes postdose were: -2, 11, 6, and 0 mg/dL, respectively. A random intercept model was used to fit the five subjects' glucose reading data over time. The Meter by Time interaction effect was not significant (P = .59) and the Meter effect was not significant (P = .46), which demonstrated no statistical difference between GNS and GS readings following HBIG administration. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, there is not a significant difference between GSPOC and GNSPOC readings after administration of this HBIG formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shetty
- Institute of Transplantation, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shinde R, Ghaedian R, Shetty K. Inhibition ofHelicobacter pyloriby Fermented Milk and Soymilk Using Select Lactic Acid Bacteria and Link to Enrichment of Lactic Acid and Phenolic Content. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2011.547118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gachango E, Kirk W, Hanson L, Rojas A, Tumbalam P, Shetty K. First Report of in vitro Fludioxonil-Resistant Isolates of Fusarium spp. Causing Potato Dry Rot in Michigan. Plant Dis 2011; 95:228. [PMID: 30743445 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-10-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium dry rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a postharvest disease caused by several Fusarium spp. Dry rot is managed primarily by reducing tuber bruising and promoting rapid wound healing. Dry rot symptomatic tubers were collected from Michigan seed lots in 2009 and 2010. The isolates may not have been exposed to fludioxonil because currently applications are restricted to seed not intended for seed production (3). Small sections were cut from the margins of necrotic regions with a scalpel, surface sterile in 10% sodium hypochlorite for 10 s, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, and blotted with sterile filter paper. The tissue pieces were plated on half-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.5 g/liter of streptomycin sulfate. The dishes were incubated at 23°C for 5 to 7 days. Cultures resembling Fusarium spp. were transferred onto water agar and hyphal tips from the margin of actively growing isolates were removed with a sterile probe and plated either on carnation leaf agar (CLA) or on half-strength PDA to generate pure cultures. Fusarium isolates were obtained and used for further studies. Among them, 54 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum and 23 as F. sambucinum. Identification was based on colony and conidial morphology on PDA and CLA, respectively. The identity was confirmed through DNA extraction followed by amplification and sequencing of the translation elongation factor (EF-1α) gene region. The Fusarium-ID v. (2) and the NCBI database were used to obtain the closest match to previously sequenced materials. Pathogenicity testing was done on disease-free potato tubers, cv. FL 1879. Tubers were surface sterilized for 10 min in 10% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed twice in distilled water. Three tubers per isolate were injected with 20 μl of a conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml) made from cultures grown on PDA for 7 days. Control tubers were injected with 20 μl of sterile distilled water. All tubers inoculated with F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum developed typical potato dry rot symptoms consisting of dry brown decay lesions. F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum were reisolated from all symptomatic tubers. An effective concentration for 50% reduction in growth (EC50) was determined for each F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum isolate for thiabendazole (TBZ), fludioxonil, and difenoconazole using the spiral gradient endpoint method (1). Sensitive and resistant F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum isolates were reported. Fifteen isolates of F. sambucinum and thirty-four of F. oxysporum were resistant to fludioxonil with EC50 greater than 130 mg/liter. The remainder was sensitive to fludioxonil with EC50 ranging from 0.8 to 4.9 mg/liter. To our knowledge, this is the first report of resistance to fludioxonil in isolates of F. sambucinum and F. oxysporum in Michigan. Fusarium insensitivity in laboratory studies may not translate directly to commercial production. This disparity may result from interactions not experienced in mixed populations or within a living host. There has been no compelling evidence to suggest that fludioxonil has failed to perform because of insensitivity to Fusarium. The occurrence of such isolated strains necessitates the development and registration of partner chemistries that can preempt any future concerns on lack of performance of products in use. References: (1) H. Förster et al. Phytopathology 94:163, 2004. (2) D. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) R. D. Peters et al. Plant Dis. 92:172, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gachango
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - W Kirk
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - L Hanson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - A Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - P Tumbalam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - K Shetty
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Regional Headquarters, P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27409
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Fishbein TM, Novitskiy G, Lough DM, Matsumoto C, Kaufman SS, Shetty K, Zasloff M. Rejection reversibly alters enteroendocrine cell renewal in the transplanted small intestine. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1620-8. [PMID: 19519821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute small intestinal allograft rejection presents clinically as an abrupt increase in ileal fluid output in the absence of extensive inflammation. We questioned whether acute intestinal rejection might be accompanied by a disturbance of normal intestinal stem cell differentiation. We examined the intestinal epithelial secretory cell lineage among patients experiencing early rejection before and during rejection as well as following corrective therapy. Lineage-specific progenitors were identified by their expression of stage-specific transcription factors. Progenitors of the enteroendocrine cell (EEC) expressing neurogenin-3 (NEUROG3) were found to be disproportionately reduced in numbers, along with their more mature EEC derivatives expressing neuro D; the enteric hormone PYY was the most profoundly depleted of all the EEC products evaluated. No change in the numbers of goblet or Paneth cells was observed. Steroid treatment resulted in resolution of clinical symptoms, restoration of normal patterns of EEC differentiation and recovery of normal levels of enteric hormones. Acute intestinal rejection is associated with a loss of certain subtypes of EEC, most profoundly, those expressing PYY. Deficiency of the mature EECs appears to occur as a consequence of a mechanism that depletes NEUROG3 EEC progenitors. Our study highlights the dynamics of the EEC lineage during acute intestinal rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Fishbein
- Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Lin L, Amin R, Gallicano GI, Glasgow E, Jogunoori W, Jessup JM, Zasloff M, Marshall JL, Shetty K, Johnson L, Mishra L, He AR. The STAT3 inhibitor NSC 74859 is effective in hepatocellular cancers with disrupted TGF-beta signaling. Oncogene 2009; 28:961-72. [PMID: 19137011 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with few effective therapeutic options for advanced disease. At least 40% of HCCs are clonal, potentially arising from STAT3+, NANOG+ and OCT3/4+ liver progenitor/stem cell transformation, along with inactivation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Here we report significantly greater signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and tyrosine phosphorylated STAT3 in human HCC tissues (P<0.0030 and P<0.0455, respectively) than in human normal liver. Further, in HCC cells with loss of response to TGF-beta, NSC 74859, a STAT3-specific inhibitor, markedly suppresses growth. In contrast, CD133(+) status did not affect the response to STAT3 inhibition: both CD133(+) Huh-7 cells and CD133(-) Huh-7 cells are equally sensitive to NSC 74859 treatment and STAT3 inhibition, with an IC(50) of 100 muM. Thus, the TGF-beta/beta2 spectrin (beta2SP) pathway may reflect a more functional 'stem/progenitor' state than CD133. Furthermore, NSC 74859 treatment of Huh-7 xenografts in nude mice significantly retarded tumor growth, with an effective dose of only 5 mg/kg. Moreover, NSC 74859 inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 in HCC cells in vivo. We conclude that inhibiting interleukin 6 (IL6)/STAT3 in HCCs with inactivation of the TGF-beta/beta2SP pathway is an effective approach in management of HCCs. Thus, IL6/STAT3, a major signaling pathway in HCC stem cell renewal and proliferation, can provide a novel approach to the treatment of specific HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Cancer Genetics, Digestive Diseases, and Developmental Molecular Biology, Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Shetty K. Re: Rix TE, Sinha P. Inadvertent parathyroid excision during thyroid surgery. Surgeon 2006; 4(6): 339-42. Surgeon 2008; 6:380-381. [PMID: 19110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by oregano, cranberry and sodium lactate combination in broth and cooked ground beef systems and likely mode of action through proline metabolism. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee OH, Lee BY, Kim YC, Shetty K, Kim YC. Radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of diverse types of extra virgin olive oils. J Food Sci 2008; 73:C519-25. [PMID: 18803696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity of hexane/80% ethanol extracts from several types of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) derived from varieties arbequina, hojiblanca, picual, their blends, and pure olive oil (POO). The antioxidant potential of the olive oil extracts was assessed by radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and hydroxyl radical, as well as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion inhibitory activities. Electron donating ability (EDA) using DPPH assay of 80% ethanol extracts from EVOOs, except arbequina oil, was significantly higher than POO. EDA was markedly higher in blended and picual EVOOs than the extracts from arbequina and hojiblanca EVOOs (P < 0.05). Similarly, ABTS radical scavenging activity of the extracts from the EVOOs was in order of picual EVOO > blended EVOO > hojiblanca EVOO >or= POO >or= arbequina EVOO. Further, the superoxide anion scavenging activity of blended, picual, and arbequina EVOOs was significantly higher than that of hojiblanca EVOO and POO, which were barely detectable. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of arbequina and hojiblanca was higher than that of blended, picual EVOOs, and POO. In addition, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the extracts from blended, arbequina, hojiblanca, picual EVOOs, and POO was 63.1 +/- 3.1%, 44.4 +/- 10.2%, 52.0 +/- 2.7%, 71.8 +/- 2.5%, and 35.7 +/- 10.0%, respectively. Our results indicate that ethanol extracts of several EVOOs contained higher radical scavenging and antioxidant activity than the POO. This antioxidant potential is partly due to the phenolic compounds present in different olive oil grade and is influenced by cultivar type.
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Affiliation(s)
- O-H Lee
- Dept of Nutrition, Univ of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Shetty K. In vitro studies of eggplant (Solanum melongena) phenolics as inhibitors of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:2981-8. [PMID: 17706416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
National Diabetes Education Program of NIH, Mayo Clinic and American Diabetes Association recommend eggplant-based diet as a choice for management of type 2 diabetes. The rationale for this suggestion is the high fiber and low soluble carbohydrate content of eggplant. We propose that a more physiologically relevant explanation lies in the phenolic-linked antioxidant activity and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential of eggplant which could reduce hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis. Results from this study indicate that phenolic-enriched extracts of eggplant with moderate free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity had high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and in specific cases moderate to high angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Inhibition of these enzymes provide a strong biochemical basis for management of type 2 diabetes by controlling glucose absorption and reducing associated hypertension, respectively. This phenolic antioxidant-enriched dietary strategy also has the potential to reduce hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis linked to cellular oxidation stress. These results provide strong rationale for further animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-I Kwon
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Building, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Fishbein T, Novitskiy G, Mishra L, Matsumoto C, Kaufman S, Goyal S, Shetty K, Johnson L, Lu A, Wang A, Hu F, Kallakury B, Lough D, Zasloff M. NOD2-expressing bone marrow-derived cells appear to regulate epithelial innate immunity of the transplanted human small intestine. Gut 2008; 57:323-30. [PMID: 17965060 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2007.133322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal allograft rejection resembles Crohn's disease clinically and pathologically. An understanding of its mechanism could impact this life-saving procedure, as well as provide insight into the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. The NOD2 protein has been implicated as a key player in intestinal immune health, as a consequence of the discovery of three polymorphisms linked with Crohn's disease. An investigation was carried out to determine whether epithelial immune function and graft survival were influenced by NOD2 mutations in an intestinal transplant population. METHODS The NOD2 genotypes of 34 transplants performed consecutively over the past 3 years were determined. The NOD2 genotypes were related to clinical outcomes and the expression of certain intestinal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) believed to protect the epithelium. RESULTS An unexpectedly high percentage of recipients, 35%, possessed NOD2 polymorphisms, while 8.6% of donors had comparable mutations. The likelihood of allograft failure was about 100-fold higher in recipients with mutant NOD2 alleles compared with recipients with wild-type NOD2 loci. Rejection in NOD2 mutant recipients was characterised by decreased expression of certain Paneth cell and enterocyte AMPs, prior to the onset of epithelial injury and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Crohn's disease-associated polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene in the recipient represent a critical immunological risk factor for intestinal allograft rejection. Compromised epithelial defences precede visible epithelial injury and inflammatory infiltration. The association of impaired epithelial immunity with the recipient's genotype suggests that certain NOD2-expressing cells of haematopoietic origin play a role in the process, perhaps by regulating expression of certain epithelial AMPs within the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fishbein
- Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
The liver has enormous regenerative capacity. Restitution of the liver in response to different injuries involves proliferation of cells at different levels of liver lineage. Mature hepatocytes, which are normally dormant, could undergo rapid replication with a near infinite capacity to proliferate. When the replication of mature hepatocytes is inhibited, a reserve compartment of bipotential hepatic progenitor/stem cells is activated. The degree of activation appears to correlate with the degree of inflammation and stage of chronic liver disease. Deregulation of key regulatory signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor in this progenitor/stem cell population could give rise to HCC. Further understanding of these key signaling pathways and the molecular and genetic alterations associated with HCC could provide major advances in new therapeutic and diagnostic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitisin
- Department of Surgery, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Kim YC, Shetty K. Health benefits of traditional corn, beans, and pumpkin: in vitro studies for hyperglycemia and hypertension management. J Med Food 2007; 10:266-75. [PMID: 17651062 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of obesity-linked non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypertension are highest among indigenous communities in North America. This is linked to changes in dietary pattern towards high calorie foods such as sugar, refined grain flour, and sweetened beverages. Therefore, a return to traditional dietary patterns may help to reduce these disease problems because of better balance of calories and beneficial nutrients. Further protective non-nutrient phenolic phytochemicals against NIDDM and hypertension are potentially high in these foods but less understood. In this study antidiabetic- and antihypertension-relevant potentials of phenolic phytochemicals were confirmed in select important traditional plant foods of indigenous communities such as pumpkin, beans, and maize using in vitro enzyme assays for -glucosidase, alpha-amylase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. In vitro inhibitory activities of these enzymes provide a strong biochemical rationale for further in vivo studies and dietary management strategy for NIDDM through the control of glucose absorption and reduction of associated hypertension. These enzyme inhibitory activities were further compared to total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the above-targeted plant foods. Pumpkin showed the best overall potential. Among the varieties of pumpkin extracts P5 (round orange) and P6 (spotted orange green) had high content of total phenolics and moderate antioxidant activity coupled to moderate to high alpha-glucosidase and ACE inhibitory activities. Therefore this phenolic antioxidant-enriched dietary strategy using specific traditional plant food combinations can generate a whole food profile that has the potential to reduce hyperglycemia-induced pathogenesis and also associated complications linked to cellular oxidation stress and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-I Kwon
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Ghaedian R, Shetty K. Fermentation of Milk and Soymilk byLactobacillus bulgaricusandLactobacillus acidophilusEnhances Functionality for Potential Dietary Management of Hyperglycemia and Hypertension. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701534032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kitisin K, Ganesan N, Tang Y, Jogunoori W, Volpe EA, Kim SS, Katuri V, Kallakury B, Pishvaian M, Albanese C, Mendelson J, Zasloff M, Rashid A, Fishbein T, Evans SRT, Sidawy A, Reddy EP, Mishra B, Johnson LB, Shetty K, Mishra L. Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta signaling through beta-spectrin ELF leads to hepatocellular cancer through cyclin D1 activation. Oncogene 2007; 26:7103-10. [PMID: 17546056 PMCID: PMC4211268 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling members, TGF-beta receptor type II (TBRII), Smad2, Smad4 and Smad adaptor, embryonic liver fodrin (ELF), are prominent tumor suppressors in gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we show that 40% of elf(+/-) mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular cancer (HCC) with markedly increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), c-Myc and MDM2 expression. Reduced ELF but not TBRII, or Smad4 was observed in 8 of 9 human HCCs (P<0.017). ELF and TBRII are also markedly decreased in human HCC cell lines SNU-398 and SNU-475. Restoration of ELF and TBRII in SNU-398 cells markedly decreases cyclin D1 as well as hyperphosphorylated-retinoblastoma (hyperphosphorylated-pRb). Thus, we show that TGF-beta signaling and Smad adaptor ELF suppress human hepatocarcinogenesis, potentially through cyclin D1 deregulation. Loss of ELF could serve as a primary event in progression toward a fully transformed phenotype and could hold promise for new therapeutic approaches in human HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitisin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Ganesan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Y Tang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Jogunoori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - EA Volpe
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SS Kim
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V Katuri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - B Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Pishvaian
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Mendelson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Zasloff
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Fishbein
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SRT Evans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Sidawy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - EP Reddy
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Mishra
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - LB Johnson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Shetty
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Mishra
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Labbe R, Shetty K. Inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureusby Phenolic Phytochemicals of Selected Clonal Herbs Species ofLamiaceaeFamily and Likely Mode of Action through Proline Oxidation. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430701191205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kitisin K, Ganesan N, Volpe E, Katuri V, Tang Y, Mishra B, Mishra L, Johnson L, Shetty K. P71. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kitisin K, Tang Y, Ganesan N, Katuri V, Jogunoori W, Sidaway A, Mishra B, Mishra L, Shetty K, Johnson L. P79. J Surg Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Horii A, McCue P, Shetty K. Enhancement of seed vigour following insecticide and phenolic elicitor treatment. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:623-32. [PMID: 16581243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Revised: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (CGA 293'343) is a novel broad-spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide. It is commercially used as a seed treatment under the trademark Cruiser (CRZ). Although many reports detail its insecticidal, plant-protecting properties, there are minimal reports concerning the effect on seed germination activities which can be key control points of seedling vigour. In this report, we investigated the effect of CRZ, fish protein hydrolysates (FPH; a known elicitor of pentose-phosphate pathway) and the combination of CRZ and FPH (CF) on seed vigour of pea, soybean and corn. Seed vigour was investigated by estimating germination percentage, shoot height, shoot weight, total soluble phenolic content, antioxidant content, G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity, and GPX (guaiacol peroxidase) activity. Addition of FPH to CRZ (CF) seemed to have a slightly positive effect on seed vigour, especially, CF and FPH treatment for corn and FPH treatment for pea, suggesting that pre-sowing treatments may cause positive/negative effects on seed vigour, depending on the concentration of treatments. Further research will be needed to determine their effects and the optimal concentration for seed priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Horii
- Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Shetty K. Re: Balakrishnan K, Castling B, McMahon J, Imrie J, Feeley KM, Parker AJ et al. Fine needle aspiration in the management of a parotid mass: a two centre retrospective study. Surgeon 2005; 3 (2): 67-72. Surgeon 2006; 4:185; author reply 186. [PMID: 16764206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Lin YT, Kwon YI, Labbe RG, Shetty K. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori and associated urease by oregano and cranberry phytochemical synergies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 71:8558-64. [PMID: 16332847 PMCID: PMC1317381 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.12.8558-8564.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcer-associated dyspepsia is caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori is linked to a majority of peptic ulcers. Antibiotic treatment does not always inhibit or kill H. pylori with potential for antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the potential for using phenolic phytochemical extracts to inhibit H. pylori in a laboratory medium. Our approach involved the development of a specific phenolic profile with optimization of different ratios of extract mixtures from oregano and cranberry. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial-linked urease inhibition ability were evaluated. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activity was greater in extract mixtures than in individual extracts of each species. The results also indicate that the synergistic contribution of oregano and cranberry phenolics may be more important for inhibition than any species-specific phenolic concentration. Further, based on plate assay, the likely mode of action may be through urease inhibition and disruption of energy production by inhibition of proline dehydrogenase at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Kitisin K, Jogunoori W, Tang Y, Katuri V, Shetty K, Mishra B, Mishra L, Johnson L. Transforming growth factor-Beta signaling is required for ductal progenitor cell differentiation in normal liver and may protect from insulin induced steatosis in the liver. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kitisin K, Volpe E, Kim S, Jogunoori W, Tang Y, Katuri V, Shetty K, Mishra B, Mishra L, Johnson L. TGF-beta signaling pathway inactivation and cell cycle deregulation in human hepatocellular cancer cell lines and elf+/− tissues. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kwon YI, Apostolidis E, Shetty K. Anti-Diabetes Functionality of Kefir Culture-Mediated Fermented Soymilk Supplemented withRhodiolaExtracts. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/08905430500522055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Shetty K. 66 Clinical outcomes in HIV positive patients after oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Infect Dis 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(06)80063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Joshi A, Rajendraprasad JS, Shetty K. Reconstruction of intraoral defects using facial artery musculomucosal flap. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 58:1061-6. [PMID: 16099439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2005.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The facial artery musculomucosal flap, technically a combination of the nasolabial flap and the buccal mucosal flap, has been a reliable, versatile flap, either superiorly or inferiorly based for reconstruction of a wide variety of postcancer excision intraoral mucosal defects including defects of the palate, alveolus, lips and floor of mouth. We have used it 17 times in 16 patients with no failures and one flap with terminal necrosis. Almost all flaps developed venous congestion which settled on its own by conservative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joshi
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Microvascular Services, Tata Memorial Cancer Center and Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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Fu R, Brey WW, Shetty K, Gor'kov P, Saha S, Long JR, Grant SC, Chekmenev EY, Hu J, Gan Z, Sharma M, Zhang F, Logan TM, Brüschweller R, Edison A, Blue A, Dixon IR, Markiewicz WD, Cross TA. Ultra-wide bore 900 MHz high-resolution NMR at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. J Magn Reson 2005; 177:1-8. [PMID: 16125429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Access to an ultra-wide bore (105 mm) 21.1 T magnet makes possible numerous advances in NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging, as well as novel applications. This magnet was developed, designed, manufactured and tested at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and on July 21, 2004 it was energized to 21.1 T. Commercial and unique homebuilt probes, along with a standard commercial NMR console have been installed and tested with many science applications to develop this spectrometer as a user facility. Solution NMR of membrane proteins with enhanced resolution, new pulse sequences for solid state NMR taking advantage of narrowed proton linewidths, and enhanced spatial resolution and contrast leading to improved animal imaging have been documented. In addition, it is demonstrated that spectroscopy of single site (17)O labeled macromolecules in a hydrated lipid bilayer environment can be recorded in a remarkably short period of time. (17)O spectra of aligned samples show the potential for using this data for orientational restraints and for characterizing unique details of cation binding properties to ion channels. The success of this NHMFL magnet illustrates the potential for using a similar magnet design as an outsert for high temperature superconducting insert coils to achieve an NMR magnet with a field >25 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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Kotwal VS, Shenoy VV, Joshi SR, Aklujkar AP, Nadkami NA, Shetty K, Benny R, Butala N, Patwardhan M. Plus minus lid syndrome with ataxia. J Assoc Physicians India 2005; 53:908-9. [PMID: 16459540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plus minus lid syndrome is an ocular syndrome characterized by unilateral ptosis and contralateral lid retraction. Also when the ipsilateral lid is raised manually, the contralateral retracted lid does not revert. This patient presented with features of plus minus lid syndrome with ataxia due to a vascular mesencephalic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kotwal
- Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India
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Vattem DA, Lin YT, Shetty K. Enrichment of Phenolic Antioxidants and Anti-Helicobacter pyloriProperties of Cranberry Pomace by Solid-State Bioprocessing. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/fbt-200049065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vattem D, Lin YT, Labbe R, Shetty K. Phenolic antioxidant mobilization in cranberry pomace by solid-state bioprocessing using food grade fungus Lentinus edodes and effect on antimicrobial activity against select food borne pathogens. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2003.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pai SA, Kini D, Shetty K, Rao UV. Psammomatous carcinoid of the rectum. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56:978. [PMID: 14645365 PMCID: PMC1770127 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.12.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Pai
- Manipal Hospital, Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India;
| | - D Kini
- Manipal Hospital, Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India;
| | - K Shetty
- Manipal Hospital, Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India;
| | - U V Rao
- Manipal Hospital, Airport Road, Bangalore 560 017, India;
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