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Can genetic propensity for lambing difficulty be predicted by pelvic and body shape dimensions measured by X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning of ram lambs? Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK medical education. A nationwide student survey. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:574-575. [PMID: 34428109 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1962835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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3
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Skin mucus proteins of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to mucosal vaccination and challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:491-495. [PMID: 34905629 PMCID: PMC9299601 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
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Abstract
We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.
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Variation in reticulo-rumen volumes between and within sheep breeds and genetic relationships with production traits. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Whole-genome sequencing of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates reveals molecular epidemiology and discrepancies with conventional laboratory diagnostic testing. J Hosp Infect 2020; 108:64-71. [PMID: 33227298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high clinical burden of Clostridioides difficile infections merits rapid and sensitive identification of affected individuals. However, effective diagnosis remains challenging. Current best practice guidelines recommend molecular and/or direct toxin detection-based screening for symptomatic individuals, but previous work has called into question the concordance and performance of extant clinical assays. AIM To better correlate the genomic and phenotypic properties of clinical C. difficile isolates with laboratory testing outcomes in both C. difficile-infected patients and asymptomatic carriers. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing of clinical C. difficile isolates collected from an inpatient population at a single healthcare institution was performed, enabling examination of their molecular epidemiology and toxigenic gene content. Genomic findings were compared with clinical testing outcomes, identifying multiple diagnostic discrepancies. FINDINGS Toxigenic culture, considered a 'reference standard', provided perfect sensitivity and specificity in predicting toxigenic gene content, whereas reduced performance was observed for Simplexa C. difficile Direct Assay (100% specificity, 88% sensitivity), Gene Xpert CD/Epi Assay (86% specificity, 83% sensitivity), and Quick Check Complete Tox A/B (100% specificity, 30% sensitivity). Genomic analysis additionally revealed variability in toxin gene sequences among C. difficile strains, phylogenomic equivalency between isolates from affected patients and carriers, and patient carriage with uncommon environmentally derived C. difficile lineages, as well as presenting opportunities for tracing pathogen transmission events. CONCLUSION These results highlight the variable performance of clinical stool-based testing approaches as well as the potential diagnostic utility of whole-genome sequencing as an alternative to conventional testing algorithms.
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Targeted inhibition of activated protein C by a non-active-site inhibitory antibody to treat hemophilia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2992. [PMID: 32532974 PMCID: PMC7293249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease with antithrombotic and cytoprotective functions. Based on the hypothesis that specific inhibition of APC’s anticoagulant but not its cytoprotective activity can be beneficial for hemophilia therapy, 2 types of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are tested: A type I active-site binding mAb and a type II mAb binding to an exosite on APC (required for anticoagulant activity) as shown by X-ray crystallography. Both mAbs increase thrombin generation and promote plasma clotting. Type I blocks all APC activities, whereas type II preserves APC’s cytoprotective function. In normal monkeys, type I causes many adverse effects including animal death. In contrast, type II is well-tolerated in normal monkeys and shows both acute and prophylactic dose-dependent efficacy in hemophilic monkeys. Our data show that the type II mAb can specifically inhibit APC’s anticoagulant function without compromising its cytoprotective function and offers superior therapeutic opportunities for hemophilia. Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease with antithrombotic and cytoprotective functions. Here, the authors develop a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits APC’s anticoagulant function without compromising its cytoprotective function, and shows efficacy in animal models.
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Efficacy and Toxicity of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early to Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma - Initial Experience From an Australian Liver Cancer Service. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:e194-e202. [PMID: 32345457 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Intrahepatic progression remains the predominant mode of cancer-related death in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underscoring the need for effective local therapies. We report our initial experience with liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the management of early to advanced stage HCC at an Australian tertiary liver cancer service. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with liver-confined HCC unsuitable for surgical resection or thermal ablation treated with SBRT between October 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The primary end point was freedom from local progression. Secondary end points were progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, overall survival and toxicity. RESULTS Ninety-six patients were treated for 112 lesions (median size 3.8 cm, range 1.5-17 cm). The median follow-up was 13 months (range 3-65). Forty-six patients had received prior local therapies (median 1, range 1-5), 83 (86%) patients had cirrhosis with baseline Child-Pugh scores of A (88%) and B7-8 (12%). Fifty-nine (61%) patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0/A disease and 37 (39%) had stage B/C. Macrovascular invasion was present in 20 (21%). The median biologically effective dose (BED10) was 86 and 60 Gy for the BCLC 0/A and B/C cohorts, respectively. Freedom from local progression at 18 months was 94% for BCLC 0/A and 74% for BCLC B/C. Progression-free survival and overall survival at 12 months were 80 and 95% for BCLC 0/A and 40 and 71% for BCLC B/C, respectively. Five patients (7%) with cirrhosis and without disease progression had an increase in Child-Pugh score >1 within 3 months of SBRT, four of whom had intercurrent infections. Clinical toxicities grade ≥2 were reported in 20% of patients. CONCLUSION SBRT is an effective ablative modality for early stage HCC with low rates of significant toxicity. Lower dose SBRT can provide durable local control for advanced stage HCC. However, out-of-field relapse remains common, providing a rationale to investigate SBRT in combination with other therapies.
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OC-047: Australian experience of SBRT in early and advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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'Present on admission': Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in gynecologic oncology patients with universal intraoperative screening. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Aromatase inhibitor use, side-effects and discontinuation rates in gynecologic oncology patients. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.03.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Protocol for geolocating rural villages of women in Liberia utilizing a maternity waiting home. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:196. [PMID: 30940187 PMCID: PMC6444816 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Geospatial data are used by health systems and researchers to understand disease burdens, trace outbreaks, and allocate resources, however, there are few well-documented protocols for collecting and analyzing geographic information systems data in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Even with the proliferation of spatial technologies such as Open Street Map and Google Maps, basic geographic data-such as village locations-are not widely available in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this paper is to report a step-wise protocol, using geographic information system techniques and tools, developed to collect and analyze the type of spatial data necessary to calculate the distance between rural villages and maternity waiting homes located near rural primary healthcare facilities in Bong County, Liberia. RESULTS Using a step-wise approach incorporating local healthcare provider knowledge, intensive field work, and spatial technologies such as Open Street Map and Google Maps for village geospatial data collection and verification, we identified village locations of 93.7% of the women who accessed the five maternity waiting homes in our study from 2012 to 2016.
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PSI-11 Maternal nutrition and stage of early pregnancy in beef heifers: Influence on glutamine transporter SLC38A7 in utero-placental tissues from d 16 to 50 of gestation. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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139 Wettemann Graduate Scholar in Physiology: Maternal nutrition alters concentrations of nutrients in fetal fluids and expression of genes impacting production efficiencies in bovine fetal liver, muscle, and cerebrum during the first 50. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Effectiveness of the wheelchair skills training program: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to anti-estrogen therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Engagement and role of surgical trainees in global surgery: Consensus statement and recommendations from the Association of Surgeons in Training. Int J Surg 2018; 52:366-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Anti-proliferative effect of metformin on a feline injection site sarcoma cell line independent of Mtor inhibition. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Efficacy of Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced (Borderline Resectable and Unresectable) Pancreatic Cancer Remaining Unresectable After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Motivation to Change Dietary Behaviors: Data from Obese Females Seeking Bariatric Surgery. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Balloon pneumo-occluder for vaginal distension at the time of high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in patients with cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor are expressed in both ovarian cancer tumor cells and stroma and may impact response to anti-estrogen therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PREDICTORS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR RECOVERY FOLLOWING SURGICAL INTERVENTION FOR AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Obligate Multivalent Recognition of Cell Surface Tomoregulin following Selection from a Multivalent Phage Antibody Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:985-95. [PMID: 17092910 DOI: 10.1177/1087057106293841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A therapeutic antibody candidate (AT-19) isolated using multivalent phage display binds native tomoregulin (TR) as a mul-timer not as a monomer. This report raises the importance of screening and selecting phage antibodies on native antigen and reemphasizes the possibility that potentially valuable antibodies are discarded when a monomeric phage display system is used for screening. A detailed live cell panning selection and screening method to isolate multivalently active antibodies is described. AT-19 is a fully human antibody recognizing the cell surface protein TR, a proposed prostate cancer target for therapeutic antibody internalization. AT-19 was isolated from a multivalent single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library rescued with hyperphage. The required multivalency for isolation of AT-19 is supported by fluorescence activated cell sorting data demonstrating binding of the multivalent AT-19 phage particles at high phage concentrations and failure of monovalent particles to bind. Pure monomeric scFv AT-19 does not bind native receptor on cells, whereas dimeric scFv or immunoglobulin G binds with nanomolar affinity. The isolation of AT-19 antibody with obligate bivalent binding activity to native TR is attributed to the use of a multivalent display of scFv on phage and the method for selecting and screening by alternate use of 2 recombinant cell lines.
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Active Chemotherapy Treatment Adversely Affects Sexual Function in Gynecologic Oncology Patients. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Incidence and the timing of thromboembolic events in ovarian cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adherence to hematologic hold parameters in dose-dense chemotherapy for ovarian malignancies: A survey of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) sites. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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AORTIC VALVE REPAIR IMPROVES MID-TERM OUTCOME COMPARED TO VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY: A PROPENSITY MATCHED STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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OUTCOMES WITH THE SUTURELESS INTUITY VERSUS STENTED BIOLOGICAL AORTIC EDWARDS PERIMOUNT. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Screening for asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum co-infection in men who have sex with men newly diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis C or syphilis. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:625-7. [PMID: 26158451 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415592802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with lymphogranuloma venereum have high rates of co-infection with HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C. The aim of this enhanced surveillance was to screen all men who have sex with men (MSM) newly diagnosed with HIV, syphilis or hepatitis C for co-infection with asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum as part of the recommended sexual health screen. Of the 145 patients screened, 21 patients were diagnosed with rectal Chlamydia trachomatis, one with both rectal and urethral chlamydia and six with urethral chlamydia. One rectal chlamydia-positive sample, when tested, was equivocal for lymphogranuloma venereum. Our data suggested that there was not a pool of asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum infection in MSM recently diagnosed with HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis. However, there have been recent reports of an increased incidence of asymptomatic lymphogranuloma venereum, raising the question whether lymphogranuloma venereum should be screened for in high risk asymptomatic MSM. The prevalence of asymptomatic rectal chlamydia infections was 19%.
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Predictors of 30-day readmission in gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fatu Ola - an innovative home-based service to increase CR uptake and engagement for Pacific people in Counties Manukau. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Effects of low protein diets on performance of pigs with a lean genotype between 40 and 115 kg liveweight. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to assess the effects of three dietary protein regimes on pig performance and nitrogen (N) excretion, in particular, whether performance can be maintained in lean, fast growing pigs when protein levels are reduced to limit N excretion. Entire male pigs of a lean genotype (Pietrain × Large White × Landrace), 192 in total in four batches, were grown from 40 to 115 kg in pens with four pigs per pen. The diets were: (i) a high-protein control regime; (ii) a low-protein regime in which protein was reduced by ~2 percentage units in each growth stage, but with levels of five essential amino acids the same as in the control (LP1); (iii) an even lower protein regime in which levels of essential amino acids were not maintained beyond 60 kg (LP2). The LP2 regime was designed to promote intramuscular fat deposition rather than efficient growth. Excretion of N was reduced by 17% and 19% in LP1 and LP2, respectively, compared with the control. Average daily gain was lower and feed conversion ratio higher in LP2 than the other regimes, as expected. The control and LP1, which differed in protein but not essential amino acid levels, produced broadly similar results for performance, but pigs in LP1 had poorer feed conversion than control pigs, which could be due to slightly greater fat deposition. The results show the difficulty in maintaining consistently high levels of performance in fast-growing, lean pigs when dietary protein levels are reduced.
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Gynecologic Oncology Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery Infrequently Demonstrate Blood Testing Laboratory Abnormalities. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Clinical response to anti-estrogen therapy in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients and the role of tumor estrogen receptor expression status. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The development and implementation of a real time, cardiac rehabilitation tracking system. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Nurse led chest pain clinics: The south Auckland experience. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Clinical utility and cost assessment of proteinuria monitoring for patients receiving bevacizumab in a gynecology oncology clinic. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract LB-206: Target validation of C4.4a (LYPD3) as a target for antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of different origin. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-lb-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C4.4a (LYPD3) is a GPI-anchored cell surface protein with unknown physiological function, although it has been speculated that it might play a role in tumor invasion and metastasis formation. In addition, over-expression of C4.4a correlates with a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis in several cancer indications.
As a result of comprehensive gene expression profiling, we report that the C4.4a transcript is being significantly up-regulated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in other tumors compared to the respective normal tissue. This finding was confirmed in IHC studies showing strong C4.4a protein expression on the surface of tumor cells particularly in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly, a high incidence of C4.4a protein expression was found in a number of additional cancers such as stomach, bladder, colorectal, ovarian, prostate, hepatocellular as well as SCC of the head and neck. In marked contrast to tumors, C4.4a expression in normal tissues is restricted to esophagus, cervix and the outer epithelial layer of skin (stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum). Employing FACS and IHC analyses, several model systems were identified expressing C4.4a in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, Mab-Zap assays were used to demonstrate efficient internalization of C4.4a in endogenously expressing cells as well as in cells transfected to over-express C4.4a.
In summary, the observed strong over-expression of C4.4a in tumors, its very limited expression in normal tissue as well as its ability to rapidly internalize make it a promising target for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of several cancer indications, in particular lung squamous cell carcinoma.
Citation Format: Gabriele Leder, Yong-Jiang Cao, Lars Linden, Sven Golfier, Oliver von Ahsen, Claudia Schneider, Joerg Willuda, Kirk McLean, Hans-Dieter Pohlenz, Bertolt Kreft, Karl Ziegelbauer. Target validation of C4.4a (LYPD3) as a target for antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of different origin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-206. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-206
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Comparison of surgical complications in obese patients undergoing open vs. robotic gynecologic surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Apical Ballooning Syndrome and Stress. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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45
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Will a High Dose Lipid Lowering Strategy be Tolerated by Both Patients and Clinicians; A Retrospective Audit. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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A Quality Improvement Process: Pacific Community Focused Cardiac Rehabilitation. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Topical aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy produces an inflammatory infiltrate but reduces Langerhans cells in healthy human skin in vivo. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:513-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nurse Led Quality Improvement Initiatives Improving Uptake of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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In vivo biodistribution, PET imaging, and tumor accumulation of 86Y- and 111In-antimindin/RG-1, engineered antibody fragments in LNCaP tumor-bearing nude mice. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:435-43. [PMID: 19223400 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.055608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To optimize in vivo tissue uptake kinetics and clearance of engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb) fragments for radiotherapeutic and radiodiagnostic applications, we compared the biodistribution and tumor localization of four (111)In- and (86)Y-labeled antibody formats, derived from a single antimindin/RG-1 mAb, in a prostate tumor model. The IgG, diabody, single-chain variable domain (scFv), and novel miniantibody formats, composed of the human IgE-C(H)4 and a modified IgG1 hinge linked to scFv domains, were compared. METHODS Antibodies were first derivatized with the bifunctional chelator CHX-A''-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and then bound to the radiometal to create radiolabeled immunoconjugates. Human LNCaP xenografts were grown in nude mice, and (111)In- or (86)Y-labeled antibodies were administered intravenously. Tissues were harvested at different times, and the level of antibody deposition was determined by measuring radioactivity. Whole-body small-animal PET of mice receiving (86)Y-labeled antibodies was performed at 6 time points and colocalized with simultaneous micro-CT imaging. RESULTS The biodistributions of (111)In and (86)Y antibodies were quite similar. The blood, tumor, kidney, and liver tissues contained varying levels of radioactivity. The antibody accumulation in the tumor correlated with molecular size. The IgG steadily increased with time to 24.1 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 48 h. The miniantibody accumulated at a similar rate to reach a lower level (14.2 %ID/g) at 48 h but with a higher tumor-to-blood ratio than the IgG. Tumor accumulation of the diabody peaked at 3 h, reaching a much lower level (3.7 %ID/g). A combination of rapid clearance and lower relative affinity of the scFv precluded deposition in the tumor. Small-animal PET results correlated well with the biodistribution results, with similar tumor localization patterns. CONCLUSION The larger antibody formats (IgG and miniantibody) gave higher tumor uptake levels than did the smaller formats (diabody and scFv). These larger formats may be more suitable for radioimmunotherapy applications, evidenced by the preclinical efficacy previously shown by a report on the IgG format. The smaller formats were rapidly cleared from circulation, and the diabody, which accumulated in the tumor, may be more suitable for radiodiagnostic applications.
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Amplified anticoagulant activity of tissue factor-targeted thrombomodulin: in-vivo validation of a tissue factor-neutralizing antibody fused to soluble thrombomodulin. Thromb Haemost 2007; 96:317-24. [PMID: 16953273 DOI: 10.1160/th06-04-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) exposure is a potent pro-thrombotic trigger that initiates activation of the coagulation cascade, while thrombomodulin (TM) is a potent anticoagulant protein that limits the extent of activation. Both TF neutralizing antibodies and soluble TM (sTM) are effective anticoagulants. We have developed a novel anticoagulant fusion protein, Ab(TF)-TM, by fusing a TFneutralizing single-chain antibody, Ab(TF), to an active fragment of TM. Ab(TF)-TM is a novel anticoagulant targeting to sites of TF exposure with a dual mechanism of action. The Ab(TF) portion of the molecule inhibitsTF/factorVIIa mediated activation of FIX and FX, and the TM portion of the molecule acts as a cofactor for activation of protein C. In-vitro coagulation assays show that Ab(TF)-TM more potently inhibits TF-initiated coagulation (prothrombin time) than can its individual components, Ab(TF) (20-fold) and sTM (80-fold) alone, or in combination (10-fold). In contrast, the potency of Ab(TF)-TM in the activated partial thromboplastin and thrombin clotting time assays was similar to sTM alone. In a rat model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), intravenous injection of a human TF-containing thromboplastin reagent (0.5 ml/kg) resulted in an immediate death in approximately 60% of the animals and a clinical score of approximately 2.5. Pre-injection of Ab(TF)-TM or Ab(TF) and sTM, given alone or in combination, showed dose-dependent efficacy. At a dose of 0.7 nmol/kg, Ab(TF)-TM completely prevented death and reduced clinical scores by 79%, while neitherAb(TF) nor sTM, given alone or in combination, showed significant therapeutic effects. Calculated effective doses that reduced mortality by 50% relative to that in the control group (ED(50), nmol/kg) were 0.21 for Ab(TF)-TM, 3.2 for an equimolar mixture of Ab(TF) and sTM, 4.3 for sTM and 20 for Ab(TF). Thus, Ab(TF)-TM presented 10- to 100-fold enhancement of the anticoagulant potency, relative to the ED(50) in Ab(TF) and sTM given either alone or in combination, in a rat DIC model.
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