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John TM, Shrestha N, Hasan L, Pappan K, Birch O, Grove DE, Boyle B, Allsworth M, Shrestha P, Procop G, Dweik RA. Detection of Clostridioides difficileinfection by assessment of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds. J Breath Res 2024. [PMID: 38502958 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficileinfection (CDI) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infective diarrhea. Current methods for diagnosing CDI have limitations; enzyme immunoassays for toxin have low sensitivity andClostridioides difficilePCR cannot differentiate infection from colonization. An ideal diagnostic test that incorporates microbial factors, host factors, and host-microbe interaction might characterize true infection. Assessing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath may be a useful test for identifying CDI. To identify a wide selection of VOCs in exhaled breath, we used thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to study breath samples from 17 patients with CDI. Age- and sex-matched patients with diarrhea and negative C.difficile testing (no CDI) were used as controls. Of the 65 VOCs tested, 9 were used to build a quadratic discriminant model that showed a final cross-validated accuracy of 74%, a sensitivity of 71%, a specificity of 76%, and a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.72. If these findings are proven by larger studies, breath VOC analysis may be a helpful adjunctive diagnostic test for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teny M John
- Infectious Diseases, UH MD Anderson Library, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77204-2000, UNITED STATES
| | - Nabin Shrestha
- Infectious Disease/Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA, Cleveland, 44195, UNITED STATES
| | - Leen Hasan
- Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, New York, 10032-3784, UNITED STATES
| | - Kirk Pappan
- Acclivity technology, 6135 Park South Drive Ste 510, Charlotte, NC, Charlotte, 28210, UNITED STATES
| | - Owen Birch
- Owlstone Medical Ltd, 183 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0GJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - David E Grove
- Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA, Cleveland , Ohio, 44195, UNITED STATES
| | - Billy Boyle
- Owlstone Ltd, Owlstone Inc., Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB4 0GJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Max Allsworth
- Owlstone Ltd, 183 Cambridge Science Park Milton Road Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB4 0GJ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Priyanka Shrestha
- Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Stanford, California, 94305-6104, UNITED STATES
| | - Gary Procop
- The American Board of Pathology, Tampa Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33609-2571, UNITED STATES
| | - Raed A Dweik
- Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine / Respiratory Institute, and Pathobiology / Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Director, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, cleveland, Ohio, 44195, UNITED STATES
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Barlow JP, Karstoft K, Vigelsø A, Gram M, Helge JW, Dela F, Pappan K, O'Neil D, Dunn W, Solomon TPJ. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid is released by contracting human skeletal muscle and lowers insulin release from INS-1 832/3 cells by mediating mitochondrial energy metabolism. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100053. [PMID: 32924003 PMCID: PMC7479356 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to examine if beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is (i) secreted by skeletal muscle in humans during exercise, (ii) associated with insulin secretory function in vivo, and (iii) directly linked with acute glucose-mediated insulin release by pancreatic beta cells in vitro. Methods Following 2-weeks of single-leg immobilization, plasma BAIBA concentrations were measured in the brachial artery and the femoral veins of each leg in healthy male subjects, at rest and during two-legged dynamic knee-extensor exercise. During a 2-h hyperglycamic clamp, insulin secretory function and levels of plasma BAIBA were assessed in non-diabetic individuals, non-diabetic individuals following 24-h hyperglycemia and patients with type 2 diabetes. Direct effects of BAIBA on acute glucose-mediated insulin release were probed in INS-1832/3 cells under normal and ‘diabetes-like’ conditions. Finally, the effect of BAIBA on mitochondrial function was assessed in INS-1832/3 cells using extracellular flux analysis. Results (i) BAIBA is released from skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise under healthy conditions but is suppressed during exercise following leg immobilization, (ii) plasma BAIBA concentrations inversely associate with insulin secretory function in humans, (iii) BAIBA lowers mitochondrial energy metabolism in INS-1 832/3 cells in parallel with decreased insulin secretion Conclusion/interpretation: BAIBA is a myokine released by skeletal muscle during exercise and indepedantly alters the triggering pathway of insulin secretion in cultured INS-1832/3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Mitochondrial Profiling Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vigelsø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Donna O'Neil
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Warwick Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Seferovic MD, Beamish CA, Mosser RE, Townsend SE, Pappan K, Poitout V, Aagaard KM, Gannon M. Increases in bioactive lipids accompany early metabolic changes associated with β-cell expansion in response to short-term high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1251-E1263. [PMID: 30106624 PMCID: PMC6336958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell expansion is a highly regulated metabolic adaptation to increased somatic demands, including obesity and pregnancy; adult β cells otherwise rarely proliferate. We previously showed that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces mouse β-cell proliferation in less than 1 wk in the absence of insulin resistance. Here we metabolically profiled tissues from a short-term HFD β-cell expansion mouse model to identify pathways and metabolite changes associated with β-cell proliferation. Mice fed HFD vs. chow diet (CD) showed a 14.3% increase in body weight after 7 days; β-cell proliferation increased 1.75-fold without insulin resistance. Plasma from 1-wk HFD-fed mice induced β-cell proliferation ex vivo. The plasma, as well as liver, skeletal muscle, and bone, were assessed by LC and GC mass-spectrometry for global metabolite changes. Of the 1,283 metabolites detected, 159 showed significant changes [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1]. The majority of changes were in liver and muscle. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed key metabolic changes in steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism, including free fatty acids and other bioactive lipids. Other important enrichments included changes in the citric acid cycle and 1-carbon metabolism pathways implicated in DNA methylation. Although the minority of changes were observed in bone and plasma (<20), increased p-cresol sulfate was increased >4 fold in plasma (the largest increase in all tissues), and pantothenate (vitamin B5) decreased >2-fold. The results suggest that HFD-mediated β-cell expansion is associated with complex, global metabolite changes. The finding could be a significant insight into Type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim D Seferovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Christine A Beamish
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute , Houston, Texas
| | - Rockann E Mosser
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shannon E Townsend
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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Beamish C, Seferovic MD, Mosser R, Pappan K, Aagaard K, Gannon M. 1004: Liver metabolites are associated with beta cell expansion during high fat diet feeding in a murine model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Betzen C, Plotnicki K, Fathalizadeh F, Pappan K, Fleming T, Bielaszewska M, Karch H, Tönshoff B, Rafat N. Shiga Toxin 2a-Induced Endothelial Injury in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Analysis. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1031-40. [PMID: 26582960 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of postenteropathic hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), most commonly caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing strains of Escherichia coli. METHODS To identify new treatment targets, we performed a metabolomic high-throughput screening to analyze the effect of Stx2a, the major Stx type associated with HUS, on human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEC) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cells were treated either with sensitizing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or Stx2a, a sequence of both or remained untreated. RESULTS We identified 341 metabolites by combined liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Both cell lines exhibited distinct metabolic reaction profiles but shared elevated levels of free fatty acids. Stx2a predominantly altered the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cofactor pathway and the inflammation-modulating eicosanoid pathway, which are associated with lipid metabolism. In HRGEC, Stx2a strongly diminished NAD derivatives, leading to depletion of the energy substrate acetyl coenzyme A and the antioxidant glutathione. HUVEC responded to TNF-α and Stx2a by increasing production of the counteracting eicosanoids prostaglandin I2, E1, E2, and A2, while in HRGEC only more prostaglandin I2 was detected. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that disruption of energy metabolism and depletion of glutathione contributes to Stx-induced injury of the renal endothelium and that the inflammatory response to Stx is highly cell-type specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Betzen
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Kathrin Plotnicki
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg
| | | | | | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg
| | | | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Neysan Rafat
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg
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de Godoy M, Pappan K, Grant R, Swanson K. Plasma Metabolite Profiling and Search for Biomarkers of Metabolic Dysfunction in Dogs Undergoing Rapid Weight Gain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/2213235x03666150121225111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mosser RE, Maulis MF, Moullé VS, Dunn JC, Carboneau BA, Arasi K, Pappan K, Poitout V, Gannon M. High-fat diet-induced β-cell proliferation occurs prior to insulin resistance in C57Bl/6J male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E573-82. [PMID: 25628421 PMCID: PMC4385873 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Both short- (1 wk) and long-term (2-12 mo) high-fat diet (HFD) studies reveal enhanced β-cell mass due to increased β-cell proliferation. β-Cell proliferation following HFD has been postulated to occur in response to insulin resistance; however, whether HFD can induce β-cell proliferation independent of insulin resistance has been controversial. To examine the kinetics of HFD-induced β-cell proliferation and its correlation with insulin resistance, we placed 8-wk-old male C57Bl/6J mice on HFD for different lengths of time and assayed the following: glucose tolerance, insulin secretion in response to glucose, insulin tolerance, β-cell mass, and β-cell proliferation. We found that β-cell proliferation was significantly increased after only 3 days of HFD feeding, weeks before an increase in β-cell mass or peripheral insulin resistance was detected. These results were confirmed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and measurements of α-hydroxybutyrate, a plasma biomarker of insulin resistance in humans. An increase in expression of key islet-proliferative genes was found in isolated islets from 1-wk HFD-fed mice compared with chow diet (CD)-fed mice. These data indicate that short-term HFD feeding enhances β-cell proliferation before insulin resistance becomes apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rockann E Mosser
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Departments of Medicine
| | - Matthew F Maulis
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Departments of Medicine
| | - Valentine S Moullé
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Cente, and
| | - Jennifer C Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Departments of Medicine
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Cente, and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee; Departments of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
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Miller JA, Pappan K, Thompson PA, Want EJ, Siskos AP, Keun HC, Wulff J, Hu C, Lang JE, Chow HHS. Plasma metabolomic profiles of breast cancer patients after short-term limonene intervention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:86-93. [PMID: 25388013 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Limonene is a lipophilic monoterpene found in high levels in citrus peel. Limonene demonstrates anticancer properties in preclinical models with effects on multiple cellular targets at varying potency. While of interest as a cancer chemopreventive, the biologic activity of limonene in humans is poorly understood. We conducted metabolite profiling in 39 paired (pre/postintervention) plasma samples from early-stage breast cancer patients receiving limonene treatment (2 g QD) before surgical resection of their tumor. Metabolite profiling was conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a linear trap quadrupole system and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolites were identified by comparison of ion features in samples to a standard reference library. Pathway-based interpretation was conducted using the human metabolome database and the MetaCyc database. Of the 397 named metabolites identified, 72 changed significantly with limonene intervention. Class-based changes included significant decreases in adrenal steroids (P < 0.01), and significant increases in bile acids (P ≤ 0.05) and multiple collagen breakdown products (P < 0.001). The pattern of changes also suggested alterations in glucose metabolism. There were 47 metabolites whose change with intervention was significantly correlated to a decrease in cyclin D1, a cell-cycle regulatory protein, in patient tumor tissues (P ≤ 0.05). Here, oral administration of limonene resulted in significant changes in several metabolic pathways. Furthermore, pathway-based changes were related to the change in tissue level cyclin D1 expression. Future controlled clinical trials with limonene are necessary to determine the potential role and mechanisms of limonene in the breast cancer prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Miller
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | | | | | | | | | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London
| | | | - Chengcheng Hu
- College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Julie E Lang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Teller DC, Behnke CA, Pappan K, Shen Z, Reese JC, Reeck GR, Stenkamp RE. The structure of rice weevil pectin methylesterase. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:1480-4. [PMID: 25372813 PMCID: PMC4231848 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) use a pectin methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.11), along with other enzymes, to digest cell walls in cereal grains. The enzyme is a right-handed β-helix protein, but is circularly permuted relative to plant and bacterial pectin methylesterases, as shown by the crystal structure determination reported here. This is the first structure of an animal pectin methylesterase. Diffraction data were collected to 1.8 Å resolution some time ago for this crystal form, but structure solution required the use of molecular-replacement techniques that have been developed and similar structures that have been deposited in the last 15 years. Comparison of the structure of the rice weevil pectin methylesterase with that from Dickeya dandantii (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) indicates that the reaction mechanisms are the same for the insect, plant and bacterial pectin methylesterases. The similarity of the structure of the rice weevil enzyme to the Escherichia coli lipoprotein YbhC suggests that the evolutionary origin of the rice weevil enzyme was a bacterial lipoprotein, the gene for which was transferred to a primitive ancestor of modern weevils and other Curculionidae. Structural comparison of the rice weevil pectin methylesterase with plant and bacterial enzymes demonstrates that the rice weevil protein is circularly permuted relative to the plant and bacterial molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Teller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357430, Seattle, WA 98195-7430, USA
- Biomolecular Structure Center, University of Washington, Box 357742, Seattle, WA 98195-7742, USA
| | - Craig A. Behnke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357430, Seattle, WA 98195-7430, USA
| | - Kirk Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zicheng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - John C. Reese
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Gerald R. Reeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ronald E. Stenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357430, Seattle, WA 98195-7430, USA
- Biomolecular Structure Center, University of Washington, Box 357742, Seattle, WA 98195-7742, USA
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Box 357420, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
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Mazzone P, Wang X, Beukeman M, Zhang Q, Seeley M, Mahoney R, Holt T, Pappan K. The Analysis of Small Molecule Metabolite Profiles in the Blood as a Biomarker of Lung Cancer. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1989452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Watkins B, Kim J, Fragala M, Carlson M, Kenny A, Pappan K, Kuchel G. Muscle quality and metabolomics analysis of young and old subjects (1026.9). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1026.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Watkins
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - Maren Fragala
- College of Education and Human PerformanceUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFLUnited States
| | - Morgan Carlson
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - Anne Kenny
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | | | - George Kuchel
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
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Watkins B, Pappan K, Kim J, Freidenreich D, Kunces L, Volk B, Saenz C, Volek J. Carbohydrate feeding and impact on global metabolomics in relation to insulin sensitivity in men with metabolic syndrome (248.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.248.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Watkins
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | | | - Jeffrey Kim
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | | | - Laura Kunces
- Kinesiology University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUnited States
| | - Brittanie Volk
- Kinesiology University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUnited States
| | | | - Jeff Volek
- Kinesiology University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUnited States
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Kim J, Newman J, Pappan K, Fiehn O, Carlson M, Kuchel G, Watkins B. Global metabolite analyses of serum, muscle and liver reveals a shift in metabolism to favor fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure (643.10). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.643.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Kim
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - John Newman
- Agricultural Research Service USDADavisCAUnited States
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- Molecular and Cellular Biology & Genome Center University of California ‐ DavisDavisCAUnited States
| | - Morgan Carlson
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - George Kuchel
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - Bruce Watkins
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
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Watkins B, Kim J, Pappan K, Carlson M. Comparison of endocannabinoid actions on metabolomic analysis of mouse and human myoblast cultures (1036.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Watkins
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
| | | | - Morgan Carlson
- Center ON Aging University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCTUnited States
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Roberts MD, Cruthirds CL, Lockwood CM, Pappan K, Childs TE, Company JM, Brown JD, Toedebusch RG, Booth FW. Comparing serum responses to acute feedings of an extensively hydrolyzed whey protein concentrate versus a native whey protein concentrate in rats: a metabolomics approach. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 39:158-67. [PMID: 24476471 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We examined how gavage feeding extensively hydrolyzed whey protein (WPH) versus a native whey protein concentrate (WPC) transiently affected serum biochemical profiles in rodents. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were 8 h fasted and subsequently fed isonitrogenous amounts of WPH or WPC, or remained unfed (control). Animals were sacrificed 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min post-gavage for serum extraction, and serum was analyzed using untargeted global metabolic profiling via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography/MS/MS platforms. We detected 333 serum metabolites amongst the experimental and control groups. Both WPH and WPC generally increased amino acids (1.2-2.8-fold), branched-chain amino acids (1.2-1.7-fold), and serum di- and oligo-peptides (1.1-2.7-fold) over the 60 min time course compared with control (q < 0.05). However, WPH increased lysine (false discovery rate using a q-value <0.05) and tended to increase isoleucine and valine 15 min post-feeding (q < 0.10) as well as aspartylleucine 30 min post-feeding compared with WPC (q < 0.05). While both protein sources led to a dramatic increase in free fatty acids compared with control (up to 6-fold increases, q < 0.05), WPH also uniquely resulted in a 30 min post-feeding elevation in free fatty acids compared with WPC (q < 0.05), an effect which may be due to the robust 30 min postprandial increase in epinephrine in the WPH cohort. These data provide a unique postprandial time-course perspective on how WPH versus WPC feedings affect circulating biochemicals and will guide future research comparing these 2 protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Miller JA, Pappan K, Hu C, Want EJ, Keun H, Lang JE, Chow HHS. Abstract 160: Modulation of the serum metabolomic profiles of breast cancer patients after receiving limonene intervention. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Limonene is a bioactive food component found in citrus peel oil that has demonstrated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in preclinical studies. To better characterize its mechanism of action in the clinical setting, we measured the serum metabolomic profiles of breast cancer patients before and after receiving a short-term limonene intervention.
Methods. Forty women with stage 0 - II breast cancer received 2 g QD limonene daily for 2 - 6 weeks (21.5 ± 8.8 days) before surgical resection of their tumor. Pre/post intervention blood draws were taken to assess serum metabolomic profiles. Metabolomic analysis was performed on the gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry platforms established at Metabolon, Inc.
Results. Of the 397 identified biochemicals, 71 changed significantly (p<0.05) from baseline to post limonene intervention. Pathway analysis revealed several key metabolic changes. Significant increases were noted in eight bile acid conjugates following limonene intervention, including a 3-fold elevation in taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate, and glycoursodeoxycholate. There were also significant decreases in a number of steroid hormones including dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 4-androsten-3beta, 17beta-diol disulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, and pregnen-diol disulfate. In addition, markers of collagen remodeling or degradation were elevated following limonene intervention. Increased circulating vitamin C, improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, and reduced inflammatory potential were also noted following limonene treatment. An increase in plasma levels of ten different glycerophosphocholines and four carnitines were all significantly correlated to a decrease in cyclinD1 (all p's<0.01 and Rˆ2>0.4) in an exploratory analysis.
Conclusions. This global metabolomic profiling study revealed several novel mechanistic insights into the potential clinical activities of limonene. Efforts are ongoing to correlate these metabolic changes to carcinogenesis, clinical characteristics, and risk markers measured in breast tissue and serum.
Citation Format: Jessica A. Miller, Kirk Pappan, Chengcheng Hu, Elizabeth J. Want, Hector Keun, Julie E. Lang, H-H Sherry Chow. Modulation of the serum metabolomic profiles of breast cancer patients after receiving limonene intervention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 160. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-160
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie E. Lang
- 5USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Roberts MD, Cruthirds C, Lockwood C, Pappan K, Company JM, Brown JE, Booth FW. Post‐feeding serum metabolic responses to extensively hydrolyzed whey (WPH) or native whey concentrate (WPC) in rats. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.631.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacob E. Brown
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMO
| | - Frank W. Booth
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMO
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Nieman DC, Knab A, Shanely RA, Cialdella‐Kam L, Gillitt N, Pappan K, Lila MA. Influence of a polyphenol‐enriched protein powder on exerciseinduced inflammation and oxidative stress in athletes: a metabolomics approach. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.348.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Knab
- Appalachian State UniversityKannapolisNC
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Watkins BA, Kim J, Kenny A, Pedersen TL, Li Y, Pappan K, Newman JW. Supplementing with DHA and EPA alters metabolomic parameters in post‐menopausal women. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.616.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Diet and Health InitiativeUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
| | - Anne Kenny
- Center on AgingUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT
| | | | - Yong Li
- Diet and Health InitiativeUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT
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20
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Carolan JC, Caragea D, Reardon KT, Mutti NS, Dittmer N, Pappan K, Cui F, Castaneto M, Poulain J, Dossat C, Tagu D, Reese JC, Reeck GR, Wilkinson TL, Edwards OR. Predicted Effector Molecules in the Salivary Secretome of the Pea Aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum): A Dual Transcriptomic/Proteomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:1505-18. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100881q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Shen Z, Pappan K, Mutti NS, He QJ, Denton M, Zhang Y, Kanost MR, Reese JC, Reeck GR. Pectinmethylesterase from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae: cDNA isolation and sequencing, genetic origin, and expression of the recombinant enzyme. J Insect Sci 2005; 5:21. [PMID: 16341253 PMCID: PMC1307582 DOI: 10.1093/jis/5.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone encoding pectinmethylesterase of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) has been isolated and sequenced. The cDNA clone was expressed in cultured insect cells and active pectinmethylesterase was purified from the culture medium, thus confirming that the cDNA encodes pectinmethylesterase. In situ hybridization indicated that the enzyme's transcript was present in the midgut. Weevils treated with tetracycline so that they lack genes of known symbiotic organisms still contained the pectinmethylesterase gene, indicating that the gene is encoded by the rice weevil genome. The rice weevil enzyme is most similar in sequence to bacterial pectinmethylesterases. Given this and the enzyme's apparently rather general absence from animal species, we suggest the possibility that this gene was transferred horizontally to an ancient weevil, possibly from a bacterial symbiont, and exists in Sitophilus species now as a result of that ancestral horizontal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Shen
- Institute of Applied Entomology, Zhijiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kirk Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Current address: Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Navdeep S. Mutti
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Qi-Jiong He
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Michael Denton
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Current address: Northrop Grumman Information Technology, 8111-18th Street, Building 803, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Michael R. Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - John C. Reese
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Gerald R. Reeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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22
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Pappan K, Zheng L, Krishnamoorthi R, Wang X. Evidence for and characterization of Ca2+ binding to the catalytic region of Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase Dbeta. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:47833-9. [PMID: 15356005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402789200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most types of plant phospholipase D (PLD) require Ca(2+) for activity, but how Ca(2+) affects PLD activity is not well understood. We reported previously that Ca(2+) binds to the regulatory C2 domain that occurs in the N terminus of the Ca(2+)-requiring PLDs. Using Arabidopsis thaliana PLDbeta and C2-deleted PLDbeta (PLDbetacat), we now show that Ca(2+) also interacts with the catalytic regions of PLD. PLDbetacat exhibited Ca(2+)-dependent activity, was much less active, and required a higher level of Ca(2+) than the full-length PLDbeta. Ca(2+) binding of the proteins was stimulated by phospholipids; phosphatidylserine was the most effective among those tested. Scatchard plot analysis of Ca(2+) binding data yielded an estimate of 3.6 high affinity (K(d) = 29 mum) binding sites on PLDbeta. The Ca(2+)-PLDbetacat interaction increased the affinity of the protein for the activator, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, but not for the substrate, phosphatidylcholine. This is in contrast to the effect of Ca(2+) binding to the C2 domain, which stimulates phosphatidylcholine binding but inhibits phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate binding of the domain. These results demonstrate the contrasting and complementary effects of the Ca(2+)- and lipid-binding properties of the C2 and catalytic domains of plant PLD and provide insight into the mechanism by which Ca(2+) regulates PLD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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23
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Shen Z, Denton M, Mutti N, Pappan K, Kanost MR, Reese JC, Reeck GR. Polygalacturonase from Sitophilus oryzae: possible horizontal transfer of a pectinase gene from fungi to weevils. J Insect Sci 2003; 3:24. [PMID: 15841240 PMCID: PMC524663 DOI: 10.1093/jis/3.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2003] [Revised: 07/02/2003] [Accepted: 07/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Endo-polygalacturonase, one of the group of enzymes known collectively as pectinases, is widely distributed in bacteria, plants and fungi. The enzyme has also been found in several weevil species and a few other insects, such as aphids, but not in Drosophila melanogaster, Anopheles gambiae, or Caenorhabditis elegans or, as far as is known, in any more primitive animal species. What, then, is the genetic origin of the polygalacturonases in weevils? Since some weevil species harbor symbiotic microorganisms, it has been suggested, reasonably, that the symbionts' genomes of both aphids and weevils, rather than the insects' genomes, could encode polygalacturonase. We report here the cloning of a cDNA that encodes endo-polygalacturonase in the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and investigations based on the cloned cDNA. Our results, which include analysis of genes in antibiotic-treated rice weevils, indicate that the enzyme is, in fact, encoded by the insect genome. Given the apparent absence of the gene in much of the rest of the animal kingdom, it is therefore likely that the rice weevil polygalacturonase gene was incorporated into the weevil's genome by horizontal transfer, possibly from a fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Shen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Current address: Athenix Corporation, 2202 Ellis Rd, Suite B, Durham NC 27703
| | - Michael Denton
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Current address: Northrop Grumman Information Technology, 8111-18th Street, Building 803, Brooks AFB, San Antonio, TX 78235
| | - Navdeep Mutti
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Kirk Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Current address: Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael R. Kanost
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - John C. Reese
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Gerald R. Reeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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24
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Abstract
The conventional plant phospholipase D (PLD) requires Ca(2+) for activity; however, the most distinct and puzzling feature of this PLD is its in vitro need for 20 to 100 mM Ca(2+). This noncytoplasmic Ca(2+) requirement has raised doubt about the role of Ca(2+) in regulating its function in vivo. Using the cloned conventional castor bean PLD, PLDalpha, expressed in Escherichia coli, this study demonstrates that this PLD is active at micromolar, near-physiological concentrations of Ca(2+), and this activity at low Ca(2+) requires an acidic pH (4.5-5.5). By comparison, the newly cloned PLDbeta and -gamma were active only at neutral pH under the same Ca(2+) concentrations. This study also shows that PLDalpha activity at low Ca(2+) needs substrates presented as a mixture of membrane lipids. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate are equally effective in stimulating the acidic PLDalpha activity, whereas phophatidylinositol is inactive. These results suggest that the conventional plant PLD in vivo is an acidic phospholipase that is active at near-physiological Ca(2+) concentrations. The possible physiological significance of these findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
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25
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Abstract
Recent advances have thrust the study of plant phospholipase D (PLD) into the molecular era. This review will highlight some of the recent progress made in elucidating the molecular and biochemical nature of plant PLDs as well as their roles in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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26
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Pappan K, Austin-Brown S, Chapman KD, Wang X. Substrate selectivities and lipid modulation of plant phospholipase D alpha, -beta, and -gamma. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 353:131-40. [PMID: 9578608 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three classes of phospholipase D (PLD), designated PLD alpha, -beta, and -gamma, have been cloned from plants, but their substrate selectivities have not been established. Using active PLDs expressed from their cDNAs in Escherichia coli, we compared the hydrolytic activities of these three PLDs toward various phospholipids and the influence of substrate composition on their substrate selectivities. When single-class phospholipid vesicles of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), and cardiolipin (CL) were examined, PLD alpha hydrolyzed PC, PE, and PG but PLD beta and -gamma showed no activity toward any of these lipids. When PIP2 was included in mixed vesicles with the phospholipids above, PLD alpha showed the same PC-, PE-, and PG-hydrolyzing ability, whereas PLD beta and -gamma were able to hydrolyze both PE and PS. When both PE and PIP2 were included in substrate vesicles, PLD beta and PLD gamma hydrolyzed PC, PG, and NAPE, showing that both PE and PIP2 are required for PC, PG, and NAPE hydrolysis by PLD beta and -gamma. The PE activation of PLD beta and -gamma required lipid vesicles made of mostly PE, suggesting that PE may affect the substrate presentation rather than serve as a cofactor of these PLDs. Under equivalent reaction conditions, PLD beta displayed a similar preference for PC and NAPE, whereas PLD gamma preferred NAPE to PC by nearly three times. None of the three PLDs used PI, CL, or PIP2 as substrates. These results have identified PS- and NAPE-hydrolyzing PLDs and have indicated an important role for lipid composition in regulating the substrate selectivity of PLD beta and -gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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27
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Qin W, Pappan K, Wang X. Molecular heterogeneity of phospholipase D (PLD). Cloning of PLDgamma and regulation of plant PLDgamma, -beta, and -alpha by polyphosphoinositides and calcium. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:28267-73. [PMID: 9353280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.45.28267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has emerged as an important enzyme involved in signal transduction, vesicle trafficking, and membrane metabolism. This report describes the cloning and expression of a new Arabidopsis PLD cDNA, designated PLDgamma, and the regulation of PLDgamma, -beta, and -alpha by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and Ca2+. The PLDgamma cDNA is 3.3 kilobases in length and codes for an 855-amino acid protein of 95,462 Da with a pI of 6.9. PLDgamma shares a 66% amino acid sequence identity with PLDbeta, but only a 41% identity with PLDalpha. A potential N-terminal myristoylation site is found in PLDgamma, but not in PLDalpha and -beta. Catalytically active PLDgamma was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its activity requires polyphosphoinositides. Both PLDgamma and -beta are most active at microM Ca2+ concentrations, whereas the optimal PLDalpha activity requires mM Ca2+ concentrations. Binding studies showed that the PLDs bound PIP2 in the order of PLDbeta > PLDgamma > PLDalpha. This binding ability correlates with the degree of conservation of a basic PIP2-binding motif located near the putative catalytic site. The binding of [3H]PIP2 was saturable and could be competitively decreased by addition of unlabeled PIP2. Neomycin inhibited the activities of PLDgamma and -beta, but not PLDalpha. These results demonstrate that PLD is encoded by a heterogeneous gene family and that direct polyphosphoinositide binding is required for the activities of PLDgamma and -beta, but not PLDalpha. The different structural and biochemical properties suggest that PLDalpha, -beta, and -gamma are regulated differently and may mediate unique cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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28
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Pappan K, Zheng S, Wang X. Identification and characterization of a novel plant phospholipase D that requires polyphosphoinositides and submicromolar calcium for activity in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:7048-54. [PMID: 9054396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.11.7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) has been proposed to be involved in a number of cellular processes including transmembrane signaling and membrane deterioration. PLD previously described from various plant sources generally requires millimolar ranges of calcium for optimal activity. In this study, we genetically suppressed the expression of this conventional PLD in Arabidopsis by introducing an antisense PLD cDNA. However, both the antisense transgenic and wild-type plants showed comparable PLD activity in the presence of submicromolar concentrations of calcium and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate using phosphatidylcholine as a substrate. This new PLD activity was partially stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, but not by other phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, or phosphatidylcholine. Its requirement for polyphosphoinositides was further supported by its ability to be inhibited by neomycin. The polyphosphoinositide-dependent PLD requires calcium for activity, but no magnesium. The calcium stimulation was observed in the nanomolar range and reached a plateau at 5 microM calcium. The findings of this study demonstrate the presence of different PLDs that are regulated in a distinct manner in plants. The potential significance of a PLD that is regulated by polyphosphoinositides and physiological concentrations of Ca2+ is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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29
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Pappan K, Qin W, Dyer JH, Zheng L, Wang X. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of polyphosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase D, PLDbeta, from Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:7055-61. [PMID: 9054397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.11.7055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel plant phospholipase D (PLD; EC 3.1.4.4) activity, which is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and nanomolar concentrations of calcium, has been identified in Arabidopsis. This report describes the cloning, expression, and characterization of an Arabidopsis cDNA that encodes this PLD. We have designated names of PLDbeta for this PIP2-dependent PLD and PLDalpha for the previously characterized PIP2-independent PLD that requires millimolar Ca2+ for optimal activity. The PLDbeta cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2904 nucleotides coding for a 968-amino acid protein of 108,575 daltons. Expression of this PLDbeta cDNA clone in Escherichia coli results in the accumulation of a functional PLD having PLDbeta, but not PLDalpha, activity. The activity of the expressed PLDbeta is dependent on PIP2 and submicromolar amounts of Ca2+, inhibited by neomycin, and stimulated by a soluble factor from plant extracts. Sequence analysis reveals that PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from PLDalpha and that its N terminus contains a regulatory Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding (C2) domain that is found in a number of signal transducing and membrane trafficking proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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