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Shiratori H, Hattori KM, Nakata K, Okawa T, Komiyama S, Kinashi Y, Kabumoto Y, Kaneko Y, Nagai M, Shindo T, Moritoki N, Kawamura YI, Dohi T, Takahashi D, Kimura S, Hase K. A purified diet affects intestinal epithelial proliferation and barrier functions through gut microbial alterations. Int Immunol 2024; 36:223-240. [PMID: 38262747 PMCID: PMC10989658 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier function. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the significance of dietary factors on the gut microbiota and mucosal barrier function, the impact of a purified diet, which has long been used in various animal experiments, on intestinal homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the impact of two different types of diets, a crude diet and an AIN-93G-formula purified diet, on epithelial integrity and the gut microbiota. Purified diet-fed mice exhibited shorter villi and crypt lengths and slower epithelial turnover, particularly in the ileum. In addition, antimicrobial products, including REG3γ, were substantially decreased in purified diet-fed mice. Purified diet feeding also suppressed α1,2-fucosylation on the epithelial surface. Furthermore, the purified diet induced metabolic rewiring to fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the ileal contents and mucus layer revealed distinct gut microbiota compositions between the purified and crude diet-fed mice. Purified diet feeding reduced the abundance of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), which potently upregulate REG3γ and fucosyltransferase 2 (Fut2) by stimulating group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) to produce IL-22. These observations illustrate that the intake of a crude diet secures epithelial barrier function by facilitating SFB colonization, whereas a purified diet insufficiently establishes the epithelial barrier, at least partly owing to the loss of SFB. Our data suggest that the influence of purified diets on the epithelial barrier integrity should be considered in experiments using purified diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shiratori
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kisara M Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakata
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takuma Okawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Seiga Komiyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuma Kabumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuria Kaneko
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nagai
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Taeko Dohi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- The Institute of Fermentation Sciences (IFeS), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
- International Research and Development Centre for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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