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Silbernagel N, Walecki M, Schäfer MKH, Kessler M, Zobeiri M, Rinné S, Kiper AK, Komadowski MA, Vowinkel KS, Wemhöner K, Fortmüller L, Schewe M, Dolga AM, Scekic-Zahirovic J, Matschke LA, Culmsee C, Baukrowitz T, Monassier L, Ullrich ND, Dupuis L, Just S, Budde T, Fabritz L, Decher N. The VAMP-associated protein VAPB is required for cardiac and neuronal pacemaker channel function. FASEB J 2018; 32:6159-6173. [PMID: 29879376 PMCID: PMC6629115 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800246r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels encode neuronal and cardiac pacemaker currents. The composition of pacemaker channel complexes in different tissues is poorly understood, and the presence of additional HCN modulating subunits was speculated. Here we show that vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), previously associated with a familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8, is an essential HCN1 and HCN2 modulator. VAPB significantly increases HCN2 currents and surface expression and has a major influence on the dendritic neuronal distribution of HCN2. Severe cardiac bradycardias in VAPB-deficient zebrafish and VAPB-/- mice highlight that VAPB physiologically serves to increase cardiac pacemaker currents. An altered T-wave morphology observed in the ECGs of VAPB-/- mice supports the recently proposed role of HCN channels for ventricular repolarization. The critical function of VAPB in native pacemaker channel complexes will be relevant for our understanding of cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsies, and provides an unexpected link between these diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.-Silbernagel, N., Walecki, M., Schäfer, M.-K. H., Kessler, M., Zobeiri, M., Rinné, S., Kiper, A. K., Komadowski, M. A., Vowinkel, K. S., Wemhöner, K., Fortmüller, L., Schewe, M., Dolga, A. M., Scekic-Zahirovic, J., Matschke, L. A., Culmsee, C., Baukrowitz, T., Monassier, L., Ullrich, N. D., Dupuis, L., Just, S., Budde, T., Fabritz, L., Decher, N. The VAMP-associated protein VAPB is required for cardiac and neuronal pacemaker channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Silbernagel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Walecki
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin K-H Schäfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kessler
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marlene A Komadowski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kirsty S Vowinkel
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Wemhöner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Fortmüller
- Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Marcus Schewe
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lina A Matschke
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Baukrowitz
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie NeuroCardiovasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nina D Ullrich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steffen Just
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute for Physiology I, University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology II - Electrophysiology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Division of Rhythmology, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Munster, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
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Wemhöner K, Kanyshkova T, Silbernagel N, Fernandez-Orth J, Bittner S, Kiper AK, Rinné S, Netter MF, Meuth SG, Budde T, Decher N. An N-terminal deletion variant of HCN1 in the epileptic WAG/Rij strain modulates HCN current densities. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:63. [PMID: 26578877 PMCID: PMC4630678 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats of the Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rij (WAG/Rij) strain show symptoms resembling human absence epilepsy. Thalamocortical neurons of WAG/Rij rats are characterized by an increased HCN1 expression, a negative shift in Ih activation curve, and an altered responsiveness of Ih to cAMP. We cloned HCN1 channels from rat thalamic cDNA libraries of the WAG/Rij strain and found an N-terminal deletion of 37 amino acids. In addition, WAG-HCN1 has a stretch of six amino acids, directly following the deletion, where the wild-type sequence (GNSVCF) is changed to a polyserine motif. These alterations were found solely in thalamus mRNA but not in genomic DNA. The truncated WAG-HCN1 was detected late postnatal in WAG/Rij rats and was not passed on to rats obtained from pairing WAG/Rij and non-epileptic August Copenhagen Irish rats. Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes revealed 2.2-fold increased current amplitude of WAG-HCN1 compared to rat HCN1. While WAG-HCN1 channels did not have altered current kinetics or changed regulation by protein kinases, fluorescence imaging revealed a faster and more pronounced surface expression of WAG-HCN1. Using co-expression experiments, we found that WAG-HCN1 channels suppress heteromeric HCN2 and HCN4 currents. Moreover, heteromeric channels of WAG-HCN1 with HCN2 have a reduced cAMP sensitivity. Functional studies revealed that the gain-of-function of WAG-HCN1 is not caused by the N-terminal deletion alone, thus requiring a change of the N-terminal GNSVCF motif. Our findings may help to explain previous observations in neurons of the WAG/Rij strain and indicate that WAG-HCN1 may contribute to the genesis of absence seizures in WAG/Rij rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Wemhöner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Kanyshkova
- Institute for Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Silbernagel
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Aytug K Kiper
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael F Netter
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute for Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg Marburg, Germany
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Wemhöner K, Friedrich C, Stallmeyer B, Coffey AJ, Grace A, Zumhagen S, Seebohm G, Ortiz-Bonnin B, Rinné S, Sachse FB, Schulze-Bahr E, Decher N. Gain-of-function mutations in the calcium channel CACNA1C (Cav1.2) cause non-syndromic long-QT but not Timothy syndrome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 80:186-95. [PMID: 25633834 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in CACNA1C, encoding the L-type Ca(2+) channel Cav1.2, cause Timothy syndrome (TS), a multi-systemic disorder with dysmorphic features, long-QT syndrome (LQTS) and autism spectrum disorders. TS patients have heterozygous mutations (G402S and G406R) located in the alternatively spliced exon 8, causing a gain-of-function by reduced voltage-dependence of inactivation. Screening 540 unrelated patients with non-syndromic forms of LQTS, we identified six functional relevant CACNA1C mutations in different regions of the channel. All these mutations caused a gain-of-function combining different mechanisms, including changes in current amplitude, rate of inactivation and voltage-dependence of activation or inactivation, similar as in TS. Computer simulations support the theory that the novel CACNA1C mutations prolong action potential duration. We conclude that genotype-negative LQTS patients should be investigated for mutations in CACNA1C, as a gain-of-function in Cav1.2 is likely to cause LQTS and only specific and rare mutations, i.e. in exon 8, cause the multi-systemic TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Wemhöner
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 1-2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Friedrich
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alison J Coffey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew Grace
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK; Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Sven Zumhagen
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Beatriz Ortiz-Bonnin
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 1-2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 1-2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, 95 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Bioengineering, James LeVoy Sorenson Molecular Biotechnology Building, 36 S. Wasatch Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 1-2, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Wemhöner K, Silbernagel N, Marzian S, Netter MF, Rinné S, Stansfeld PJ, Decher N. A leucine zipper motif essential for gating of hyperpolarization-activated channels. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40150-60. [PMID: 23048023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is poorly understood how hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCNs) function. RESULTS We have identified a leucine zipper in the S5 segment of HCNs, regulating hyperpolarization-activated and instantaneous current components. CONCLUSION The leucine zipper is essential for HCN channel gating. SIGNIFICANCE The identification and functional characterization of the leucine zipper is an important step toward the understanding of HCN channel function. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are pacemakers in cardiac myocytes and neurons. Although their membrane topology closely resembles that of voltage-gated K(+) channels, the mechanism of their unique gating behavior in response to hyperpolarization is still poorly understood. We have identified a highly conserved leucine zipper motif in the S5 segment of HCN family members. In order to study the role of this motif for channel function, the leucine residues of the zipper were individually mutated to alanine, arginine, or glutamine residues. Leucine zipper mutants traffic to the plasma membrane, but the channels lose their sensitivity to open upon hyperpolarization. Thus, our data indicate that the leucine zipper is an important molecular determinant for hyperpolarization-activated channel gating. Residues of the leucine zipper interact with the adjacent S6 segment of the channel. This interaction is essential for voltage-dependent gating of the channel. The lower part of the leucine zipper, at the intracellular mouth of the channel, is important for stabilizing the closed state. Mutations at these sites increase current amplitudes or result in channels with deficient closing and increased min-P(o). Our data are further supported by homology models of the open and closed state of the HCN2 channel pore. Thus, we conclude that the leucine zipper of HCN channels is a major determinant for hyperpolarization-activated channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Wemhöner
- Institute for Physiology, Vegetative Physiology Group, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstrasse 1-2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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