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Miller MJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Marx GE, Schrodt CA, Kimball A, Padgett K, Noe RS, McCormick DW, Wong JM, Labuda SM, Borah BF, Zulu I, Asif A, Kaur G, McNicholl JM, Kourtis A, Tadros A, Reagan-Steiner S, Ritter JM, Yu Y, Yu P, Clinton R, Parker C, Click ES, Salzer JS, McCollum AM, Petersen B, Minhaj FS, Brown E, Fischer MP, Atmar RL, DiNardo AR, Xu Y, Brown C, Goodman JC, Holloman A, Gallardo J, Siatecka H, Huffman G, Powell J, Alapat P, Sarkar P, Hanania NA, Bruck O, Brass SD, Mehta A, Dretler AW, Feldpausch A, Pavlick J, Spencer H, Ghinai I, Black SR, Hernandez-Guarin LN, Won SY, Shankaran S, Simms AT, Alarcón J, O’Shea JG, Brooks JT, McQuiston J, Honein MA, O’Connor SM, Chatham-Stephens K, O’Laughlin K, Rao AK, Raizes E, Gold JAW, Morris SB, Duessel S, Danaie D, Hickman A, Griffith B, Sanneh H, Hutchins H, Phyathep C, Carpenter A, Shelus V, Petras J, Hennessee I, Davis M, McArdle C, Dawson P, Gutelius B, Bisgard K, Wong K, Galang RR, Perkins KM, Filardo TD, Davidson W, Hutson C, Lowe D, Zucker JE, Wheeler DA, He L, Jain AK, Semeniuk O, Chatterji D, McClure M, Li LX, Mata J, Beselman S, Cross SL, Menzies B, Keller M, Chaturvedi V, Thet A, Carroll R, Hebert C, Patel G, Gandhi V, Abrams-Downey A, Nawab M, Landon E, Lee G, Kaplan-Lewis E, Miranda C, Carmack AE, Traver EC, Lazarte S, Perl TM, Chow J, Kitchell E, Nijhawan A, Habib O, Bernus A, Andujar G, Davar K, Holtom P, Wald-Dickler N, Lorio MA, Gaviria J, Chu V, Wolfe CR, McKellar MS, Farran S, Diaz Wong RA, Schliep T, Shaw R, Tebas P, Richterman A, Aurelius M, Peterson L, Trible R, Rehman T, Sabzwari R, Hines E, Birkey T, Stokich D, King J, Farabi A, Jenny-Avital E, Touleyrou L, Sandhu A, Newman G, Bhamidipati D, Bhamidipati D, Vigil K, Caro M, Banowski K, Chinyadza TW, Rosenzweig J, Jones MS, Camargo JF, Marsh KJ, Liu EW, Guerrero-Wooley R, Pottinger P. Severe Monkeypox in Hospitalized Patients - United States, August 10-October 10, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:1412-1417. [PMID: 36327164 PMCID: PMC9639440 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7144e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As of October 21, 2022, a total of 27,884 monkeypox cases (confirmed and probable) have been reported in the United States.§ Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men have constituted a majority of cases, and persons with HIV infection and those from racial and ethnic minority groups have been disproportionately affected (1,2). During previous monkeypox outbreaks, severe manifestations of disease and poor outcomes have been reported among persons with HIV infection, particularly those with AIDS (3-5). This report summarizes findings from CDC clinical consultations provided for 57 patients aged ≥18 years who were hospitalized with severe manifestations of monkeypox¶ during August 10-October 10, 2022, and highlights three clinically representative cases. Overall, 47 (82%) patients had HIV infection, four (9%) of whom were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) before monkeypox diagnosis. Most patients were male (95%) and 68% were non-Hispanic Black (Black). Overall, 17 (30%) patients received intensive care unit (ICU)-level care, and 12 (21%) have died. As of this report, monkeypox was a cause of death or contributing factor in five of these deaths; six deaths remain under investigation to determine whether monkeypox was a causal or contributing factor; and in one death, monkeypox was not a cause or contributing factor.** Health care providers and public health professionals should be aware that severe morbidity and mortality associated with monkeypox have been observed during the current outbreak in the United States (6,7), particularly among highly immunocompromised persons. Providers should test all sexually active patients with suspected monkeypox for HIV at the time of monkeypox testing unless a patient is already known to have HIV infection. Providers should consider early commencement and extended duration of monkeypox-directed therapy†† in highly immunocompromised patients with suspected or laboratory-diagnosed monkeypox.§§ Engaging all persons with HIV in sustained care remains a critical public health priority.
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Yasmin S, Adams L, Briggs G, Weiss J, Bisgard K, Anderson S, Tsang C, Henke E, Vasiq M, Komatsu K. Outbreak of Botulism After Consumption of Illicit Prison-Brewed Alcohol in a Maximum Security Prison--Arizona, 2012. J Correct Health Care 2016; 21:327-34. [PMID: 26377381 DOI: 10.1177/1078345815604752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated the second botulism outbreak to occur in a maximum security prison in Arizona within a 4-month period. Botulism was confirmed in eight men aged 20 to 35 years who reported sharing a single batch of pruno made with potatoes. Initial symptoms included blurred vision, slurred speech, muscle weakness, ptosis, and dysphagia. All patients received heptavalent botulinum antitoxin, seven required mechanical ventilation, and all survived. The median incubation period was 29 hours. Sera from all patients and leftover pruno tested positive for botulinum toxin type A. Botulism should be considered among prisoners with cranial nerve palsies and descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis. Prison-brewed alcohol, particularly when made with potatoes, can be a vehicle for botulism and is associated with outbreaks of botulism in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yasmin
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laura Adams
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Graham Briggs
- Pinal County Public Health Services, Florence, AZ, USA
| | - Joli Weiss
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kris Bisgard
- Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shoana Anderson
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA Metro Public Health Department, Nashville, TN, USA Present address
| | | | - Evan Henke
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA 3M Food Safety, 3M Center, St. Paul, MN, 55144 Present address
| | | | - Ken Komatsu
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Stone GS, Henderson AK, Davis SI, Lewin M, Shimizu I, Krishnamurthy R, Bisgard K, Lee R, Jumaan A, Marziale E, Bryant M, Williams C, Mason K, Sirois M, Hori M, Chapman J, Bowman DJ. Lessons from the 2006 Louisiana health and population survey. Disasters 2012; 36:270-290. [PMID: 21992191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2011.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The 2005 hurricane season caused extensive damage and induced a mass migration of approximately 1.1 million people from southern Louisiana in the United States. Current and accurate estimates of population size and demographics and an assessment of the critical needs for public services were required to guide recovery efforts. Since forecasts using pre-hurricane data may produce inaccurate estimates of the post-hurricane population, a household survey in 18 hurricane-affected parishes was conducted to provide timely and credible information on the size of these populations, their demographics and their condition. This paper describes the methods used, the challenges encountered, and the key factors for successful implementation. This post-disaster survey was unique because it identified the needs of the people in the affected parishes and quantified the number of people with these needs. Consequently, this survey established new population and health indicator baselines that otherwise would have not been available to guide the relief and recovery efforts in southern Louisiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Stone
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Golaz A, Lance-Parker S, Welty T, Schaefer L, Volmer L, LaFromboise C, Dixon J, Haase T, Kim C, Popovic T, Bisgard K, Strebel P, Wharton M. Epidemiology of diphtheria in South Dakota. S D J Med 2000; 53:281-5. [PMID: 10932611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diphtheria was one of the most common causes of death among children in the pre-vaccine era. Since the introduction of diphtheria toxoid vaccine in 1920s, and its widespread use by the late 1940s, diphtheria became increasingly rare in the United States. However, through the 1970s diphtheria remained endemic in some states, with reported incidence rates > 1.0 per million population in six states (Alaska, Arizona, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington). Starting in 1980, less than five cases have been reported each year in the United States. The majority of culture-confirmed cases have been associated with importation from other countries. Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the organism causing diphtheria, was thought to have become rare or even have disappeared from previously endemic areas such as South Dakota. However, during four months in 1996, 11 persons (one index case, six patients and four household contacts) in an American Indian community in South Dakota were found to be infected by C. diphtheriae; six of these isolates were toxigenic. The findings in this report indicate that despite 20 years without reported respiratory diphtheria cases, toxigenic C. diphtheriae is still present in South Dakota. The continuous circulation of toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae emphasizes the need for health care providers throughout South Dakota to promote timely vaccination against diphtheria among persons of all ages and ethnic groups, to be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms of diphtheria so that cases can be promptly diagnosed and treated, and further public health measures can be taken to contain this serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golaz
- National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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