1
|
Swaminathan K, Nanda PM, Yadav J, Malhi P, Kumar R, Sharma A, Sharma R, Dayal D. Cognitive Function in Early Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Children. Indian J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s12098-023-04901-5. [PMID: 37930624 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess cognitive function and factors affecting it in Indian children with early-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) (less than 6 y). METHODS This cross-sectional, single-centre study recruited children diagnosed with T1D before 6 y of age and having a disease duration of at least 2 y, as cases. Controls were age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children or siblings. Children with birth asphyxia, intellectual disability, syndromic children, or pre-existing psychiatric illness were excluded. Enrolled children underwent cognitive assessment using Malin's Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC), and scores in various subtests were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS A total of 60 children were enrolled in each group. When compared to controls, cases had significantly lower scores on most subtests, verbal, performance and overall Intelligence Quotient (IQ- 100.62 ± 3.26 vs. 103.23 ± 1.22). HbA1c >9%, severe hypoglycemia and lesser duration since the last diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episode significantly correlated with lower neurocognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS Children with early onset T1D showed significant deficits in various cognitive domains and IQ. Poor glycemic control, higher glycemic variability and exposure to severe hypoglycemia are risk factors for poor cognitive outcomes in these children. Further longitudinal studies could potentially aid in a finer understanding of factors affecting cognitive functioning in T1D children in developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pamali Mahasweta Nanda
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jaivinder Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Prahbhjot Malhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Swaminathan K, Koc A, Kaczmarek S, Lehnert K, Urbaneck I, Domanska G, Landmesser U, Felix SB, Doerr M, Bahls M, Kraenkel N. NK cells are associated with immunometabolic response to a single exercise exertion in heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increased systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are observed in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). On the other hand, cardiorespiratory exercise testing (CPET) exerts a physical challenge and initiates the activation of the immune system, including acute release of natural killer (NK) cells into the circulation, and several metabolic pathways.
Aim
To characterize the inflammatory and metabolic alterations of HFrEF patients in response to an acute exercise challenge, and after 2 hours of recovery.
Methods
Participants with HFrEF (n=16), age and sex matched controls (CON, n=13) were investigated at baseline, immediately after and 2 hours after CPET. Clinical and physiological parameters, leukocyte profile, plasma cytokines and metabolites were assessed along with inflammatory and metabolic parameters at all three time points. NK cell counts and morphological/activation parameters in different contexts were examined. Further, the time-dependent coordination of NK cell numbers post-exercise with tryptophan metabolism and plasma triglycerides were assessed. NK cells were isolated from blood of healthy donors for ex vivo proof-of-principle experiments, including phenotype polarization and NK cell specific tryptophan metabolism.
Results
Cardiovascular risk profiles as well as leukocyte, cytokine and metabolic parameters at baseline were similar in CON and HFrEF. Immediately after CPET, lactate, and NK T cell blood counts were significantly increased in both groups. In HFrEF but not CON, platelet aggregates with NK cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and “classical” CD14++CD16-monocytes, phosphatidylcholines and triglycerides were increased. After 2h of recovery, almost all altered parameters returned to baseline in CON. In contrast, blood counts and morphological markers of inflammatory effector cell types, including CD8+ T cells and neutrophils remained elevated in HFrEF. NK cells remained elevated after the recovery period and correlated with levels of various triglyceride species in the HFrEF patients. Tryptophan levels in plasma were reduced by acute exercise and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio was increased and correlated with increase in NK and NK-T cell counts, as well as IL-12 plasma levels. Treatment with IL-12 led to increased synthesis of kynurenine from tryptophan, expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and abundance of regulatory CD56bri NK cell phenotypes ex vivo. Secretome of untreated NK cells impaired cellular respiration, increased glycolysis/oxidation ratio in skeletal muscle cells, and increased the release of triglycerides from hepatocarcinoma cells.
Conclusion
CPET induced a complex acute immunometabolic response, whose restitution to baseline levels differed between HFrEF and healthy controls. Exercise-induced changes in NK cell metabolism and phenotype shift might modulate cellular respiration in myocytes and release of triglycerides by hepatocytes in HFrEF and in CON.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany
| | - A Koc
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany
| | - S Kaczmarek
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - K Lehnert
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - I Urbaneck
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - G Domanska
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - U Landmesser
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany
| | - S B Felix
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - M Doerr
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - M Bahls
- Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B , Greifswald , Germany
| | - N Kraenkel
- Charite - Campus Benjamin Franklin , Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swaminathan K, Subramaniam R, Parambil BC, Khembavi S, Khanna N, Lashkar S, Vora T, Prasad M, Ramadwar M, Qureshi S, Chinnaswamy G. Impact of baseline and temporal decline of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on outcome in pediatric germ cell tumors(GCTS): A study from tertiary cancer care centre in India. Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2022.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
4
|
Nuckols RW, Lee S, Swaminathan K, Orzel D, Howe RD, Walsh CJ. Individualization of exosuit assistance based on measured muscle dynamics during versatile walking. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabj1362. [PMID: 34757803 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abj1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Variability in human walking depends on individual physiology, environment, and walking task. Consequently, in the field of wearable robotics, there is a clear need for customizing assistance to the user and task. Here, we developed a muscle-based assistance (MBA) strategy wherein exosuit assistance was derived from direct measurements of individuals’ muscle dynamics during specific tasks. We recorded individuals’ soleus muscle dynamics using ultrasonographic imaging during multiple walking speeds and inclines. From these prerecorded images, we estimated the force produced by the soleus through inefficient concentric contraction and designed the exosuit assistance profile to be proportional to that estimated force. We evaluated this approach with a bilateral ankle exosuit at each measured walking task. Compared with not wearing a device, the MBA ankle exosuit significantly reduced metabolic demand by an average of 15.9, 9.7, and 8.9% for level walking at 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 meters second−1, respectively, and 7.8% at 1.25 meters second−1 at 5.71° incline while applying lower assistance levels than in existing literature. In an additional study (n = 2), we showed for multiple walking tasks that the MBA profile outperforms other bioinspired strategies and the average profile from a previous optimization study. Last, we show the feasibility of online assistance generation in a mobile version for overground outdoor walking. This muscle-based approach enables relatively rapid (~10 seconds) generation of individualized low-force assistance profiles that provide metabolic benefit. This approach may help support the adoption of wearable robotics in real-world, dynamic locomotor tasks by enabling comfortable, tailored, and adaptive assistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Nuckols
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Lee
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Swaminathan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Orzel
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R D Howe
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C J Walsh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Senthilkumaran S, Benita F, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P, Swaminathan K. Thyrotoxicosis and the consumption of bovine thyroid tissue. QJM 2021; 114:253-254. [PMID: 32413113 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Senthilkumaran
- Department of Emergency & Critical Care, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F Benita
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
| | - P Thirumalaikolundusubramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Irungalur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, KMCH Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| | - S. P. Tewari
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| | - R. M. Bansal
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| | - S. P. Tewari
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| | - S. P. Tewari
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Swaminathan K, Tewari SP. Transport of Thermal Neutrons in Different Forms of Liquid Hydrogen and the Production of Intense Beams of Cold Neutrons. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse82-a28695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| | - S. P. Tewari
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Swaminathan K, Chandra S, Jha RC, Tewari SP. Thermal Neutron Steady-State Spectra in Light Water Reactor Fuel Assemblies Poisoned with Various Non-l/v Absorbers of Different Concentrations. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse91-a23829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Satish Chandra
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi 110007, India
| | - R. C. Jha
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi 110007, India
| | - S. P. Tewari
- University of Delhi, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Delhi 110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rajesh Kumar S, Jayavignesh V, Selvakumar R, Swaminathan K, Ponpandian N. Facile synthesis of yeast cross-linked Fe 3 O 4 nanoadsorbents for efficient removal of aquatic environment contaminated with As(V). J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 484:183-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Swaminathan K, Narayanan P, Sethusankar K, Saravanan V, Mohanakrishnan AK. Crystal structures of two new carbazole derivatives: 12-(4-nitrophenyl)-7-phenylsulfonyl-7 H-benzofuro[2,3- b]carbazole and 2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-9-phenylsulfonyl-9 H-thieno[2,3- b]carbazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:1739-1743. [PMID: 27980820 PMCID: PMC5137598 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016016996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds are carbazole derivatives, with a benzofuran ring system in (I) and a methylthiophene ring in (II) fused with the respective carbazole moiety. In the crystals of both compounds, molecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (10). The title compounds, C30H18N2O5S, (I), and C27H18N2O4S2, (II), are carbazole derivatives with a phenylsulfonyl group and a nitrophenyl group attached to the carbazole moiety in identical positions in both molecules. A benzofuran ring system in (I) and a methylthiophene ring in (II) are fused with the respective carbazole moieties on the same sides. The mean plane of the carbazole ring system makes a dihedral angle of 3.17 (7)° with the benzofuran ring system in (I) and a dihedral angle of 3.39 (11)° with the methylthiophene ring in (II), implying that both fused units are essentially planar. The mean planes of the carbazole ring systems in both the compounds are almost orthogonal to the respective nitro-substituted phenyl rings, making dihedral angles of 75.64 (10) and 77.63 (12)° in compounds (I) and (II), respectively. In (I), the phenylsulfonyl ring system is positionally disordered with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.63 (2):0.37 (2). In both compounds, the molecular structures are stabilized by intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating S(6) ring motifs with the sulfone group O atoms. In the crystal of compound (I), molecules are linked by pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate R22(18) inversion dimers, and interconnected by C(14) chains running along the c-axis direction, whereas in compound (II), the C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R43(37) ring motifs. In the crystals of both compounds, C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded sheets are formed lying parallel to (10-1). In addition, C—H⋯π and offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.7158 (14) Å in (I) and 3.9040 (15) Å in (II)] are also present in the crystals of both compounds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Srivatsa UN, Swaminathan K, Sithy Athiya Munavarah K, Amsterdam E, Shantaraman K. Sudden cardiac death in South India: Incidence, risk factors and pathology. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2016; 16:121-125. [PMID: 27924759 PMCID: PMC5197449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major cause of mortality secondary to coronary artery disease (CAD) in the industrialized societies. Although South Asians have a high prevalence of CAD, the frequency and underlying pathology of SCD among this population are unknown. METHODS Medical records of consecutive patients presenting with unexplained sudden death (USD) in a tertiary care center were reviewed. Patients with trauma, violent deaths, positive toxicology and non-cardiac pathology were excluded to determine sudden cardiac death (SCD). Cardiac pathological findings were analyzed by autopsy. SCD rate was estimated based on census and government vital statistics for the years studied. RESULTS During a two year period, 223 patients (mean age 55 + 10 yrs, 78.9% male, body mass index 26 + 4, 60% smokers, 39% known CAD, 46% hypertension, 43% diabetes) presented to hospital with USD. SCD was attributed to myocardial infarction (MI) in 87% of cases; 69% were acute (96% anterior MI); 76% were small/moderate infarct and 9.9% of the cohort had normal hearts. Based on official municipal vital statistics, the SCD rate in those >35 yrs of age was estimated as 39.7/100,000 with male/female ratio of 4.6. CONCLUSIONS SCD in this south Indian city occurred predominantly in men of relatively young age and was most frequently associated with small or moderate-sized acute MI. Improved health care access, preventive measures and enhanced emergency management may reduce SCD from acute MI in this locale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma N Srivatsa
- University of California (Davis) Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | | | | | - Ezra Amsterdam
- University of California (Davis) Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Kumar GS, Bakthadoss M. Crystal structures and conformational analyses of three pyranochromene derivatives. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:926-30. [PMID: 26396757 PMCID: PMC4571358 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015012967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The title compounds, C27H20O6, (I) [systematic name: methyl 7-oxo-14-phenyl-1H,7H,14H-pyrano[3,2-c:5,4-c']dichromene-14a(6bH)-carboxyl-ate], C24H22O5, (II) [systematic name: methyl 1-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[3,4-c]chromene-6a(7H)-carboxyl-ate], and C25H23N3O4, (III) [systematic name: 6-(4-ethyl-phen-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[4',3':4,5]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6a(7H)-carbo-nitrile], are pyran-ochromene derivatives. The central pyran rings (B) of compounds (I) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, whereas that of compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. The pyran rings (A) of the chromene ring systems of compounds (II) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, while that of compound (I) adopts a sofa conformation. The mean plane of the central pyran rings (B) make dihedral angles of 70.02 (6), 61.52 (6) and 69.12 (7)°, respectively, with the mean planes of the chromene moieties (C+A) of compounds (I), (II) and (III). The bicyclic coumarin ring system (C+A+B+E) in compound (I) is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.042 Å). The carbo-nitrile side chain in compound (III) is very nearly linear, with the C-C N angle being 176.6 (2)°. The cyclo-hexene ring (E), fused with the central pyran ring (B) in compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. In the mol-ecular structures of compounds (II) and (III), there are C-H⋯O short contacts, which generate S(7) ring motifs. In the crystal structures of the title compounds, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate mol-ecular sheets parallel to the ab plane, with R 4 (3)(28) loops in (I), inversion dimers with R 2 (2)(10) loops in (II) and chains along [010] with R 2 (2)(12) ring motifs in (III). In the crystal structures of (I) and (III), there are also C-H⋯π inter-actions present, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework in (II) and to sheets parallel to (101) in (III).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - K. Sethusankar
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - G. Siva Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M. Bakthadoss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raju S, Kalyanaraman S, Swaminathan K, Nisha A, Praisid S. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome in dengue hemorrhagic Fever: authors' reply. Indian J Pediatr 2015; 82:576. [PMID: 25589193 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-014-1655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Raju
- Department of Pediatrics, Krishna Hospitals, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Swaminathan K, Suresh Kumar A, Kadir A, Keerthiga V. Thunderclap headache: the diagnosis was beneath the shirt! QJM 2015; 108:409-11. [PMID: 23070204 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- From the Apollo Speciality Hospital and Department of Medicine, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Lake View Road, KK Nagar, Madurai 625020, India
| | - A Suresh Kumar
- From the Apollo Speciality Hospital and Department of Medicine, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Lake View Road, KK Nagar, Madurai 625020, India
| | - A Kadir
- From the Apollo Speciality Hospital and Department of Medicine, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Lake View Road, KK Nagar, Madurai 625020, India
| | - V Keerthiga
- From the Apollo Speciality Hospital and Department of Medicine, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Lake View Road, KK Nagar, Madurai 625020, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Thangavel
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering; Sri Ramachandra University; Chennai India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wostyn K, Kenis K, Rondas D, Loo R, Hikavyy AY, Dhayalan S, Douhard B, Mertens PW, Holsteyns F, De Gendt S, Simpson G, Bast G, Swaminathan K. Evaluation of the Si0.8Ge0.2-on-Si Epitaxial Quality by Inline Surface Light Scattering: A Case Study on the Impact of Interfacial Oxygen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1149/06406.0989ecst] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Meenakshi-Sundaram S, Swaminathan K, Karthik SN, Bharathi S. Relapsing Guillain-Barre syndrome in pregnancy and postpartum. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:352-4. [PMID: 25221412 PMCID: PMC4162029 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.138527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) rarely complicates pregnancy, but can be associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity if not properly identified and treated. A high index of suspicion, supportive measures, access to intensive care unit and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy are cornerstones of management in GBS complicating pregnancy. Neurologists and Obstetricians should be aware of the risks of relapsing GBS in the immediate postpartum period. Surgery and anesthesia may be triggers for relapse in association with an overall increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the postpartum period. We report a unique case of GBS complicating pregnancy in the third trimester followed by a relapse in the postpartum period. She made a good recovery with supportive measures and a repeat course of IVIG during the relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Karthik
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bharathi
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Specialty Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Swaminathan K, Kumaran OR. Maths in medicine: a life saving formula? Pract Diab 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - OR Kumaran
- Apollo Specialty Hospital; Madurai India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
It is no exaggeration to claim that the 'diabetes epidemic' has become a 'runaway train' causing huge health and economic consequences, especially in the developing nations. Traditionally, the risk factors for diabetes have largely focused on genetics and lifestyle. Great emphasis is placed on lifestyle measures and finding novel pharmacological treatment options to combat diabetes, but there is increasing evidence linking environmental pollutants, especially pesticides, to the development of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Pesticide use has increased dramatically worldwide and the effects of pesticides on glucose metabolism are too significant for a possible diabetogenic link to be dismissed. The aim of this review article was to assess the links between pesticides and human diabetes with the goal of stimulating further research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Madurai, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saha D, Vithya J, Kumar GVSA, Swaminathan K, Kumar R, Subramani CRV, Rao PRV. Feasibility studies for production of 89Sr in the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
89Sr, a pure beta emitter with half life of 50.53 d is used as its chloride solution for palliative care of bone metastases. This paper describes the feasibility studies that have been conducted at FBTR, IGCAR for production of this radionuclide using the 89Y(n, p)89Sr reaction. Yttria pellets were irradiated in a special subassembly at the core centre for a total of 73 d in two steps of 35 d and 38 d with a time gap of 38 d. The irradiated yttria target was dissolved in nitric acid and the bulk Y was separated by solvent extraction using the TBP-HNO3 complex. The 89Sr fraction was purified using the cation exchange resin DOWEX 50W×8 (100-200 mesh size) from the other radioactive impurities seen. The eluted 89Sr fraction was assayed using a GM counting system. The 89Sr activity produced in 1 g of yttria pellet was found to be 19 mCi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Saha
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - J. Vithya
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - G. V. S. Ashok Kumar
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - K. Swaminathan
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - R. Kumar
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - C. R. Venkata Subramani
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | - P. R. Vasudeva Rao
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam-603102, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Selvakumar R, Bakthadoss M. Methyl (2 Z)-2-bromomethyl-3-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o852. [PMID: 23795037 PMCID: PMC3684935 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit of the title compound C11H10BrClO2, which represents the Z isomer. The methylacrylate moieties are essentially planar, within 0.084 (2) and 0.027 (5) Å in molecules A and B, respectively. The benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 13.17 (7) and 27.89 (9)° with the methylacrylate moiety in molecules A and B, respectively. The methylbromide moiety is almost orthogonal to the benzene ring, making dihedral angles of 81.46 (16)° in molecule A and 79.61 (16)° in molecule B. The methylacrylate moiety exhibits an extended trans conformation in both molecules. In the crystal, pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of quasi-centrosymmetric R22(14) AB dimers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Meenakshi-Sundaram S, Karthik SN, Bharathi S, Periyakaruppan A, Badrinarayanan T, Swaminathan K. Cranial nerve palsy in diabetes: ‘Hunt’ for the diagnosis. Practical Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Devaraj A, Bakthadoss M. Methyl (2 Z)-2-bromomethyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2013; 69:o572. [PMID: 23634107 PMCID: PMC3629620 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536813007368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound C11H9BrCl2O2, which represents the Z isomer, the methylacrylate moiety is essentially planar within 0.039 (2) Å and has an extended trans configuration. The benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 28.3 (1)° with the mean plane of the methylacrylate moiety. The crystal packing is characterized by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and halogen–halogen interactions [Cl⋯Cl = 3.486 (3) Å], resulting in the formation of R22(11) ring motifs and connecting the molecules into chains propagating along the b axis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Swaminathan K, Meenakshi Sundaram S, Karthik SN, Thembavani I, Birundhadevi T, Periakaruppan A. 'This diagnosis was worth the salt'. QJM 2012; 105:1117-8. [PMID: 21908386 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, D Block, Apollo Speciality Hospitals, Lake View Road, KK Nagar, Madurai, Tamilnadu 625020, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Swaminathan K, Young R, Reid W. The diagnosis was in her birthday party! QJM 2012; 105:471-2. [PMID: 21493694 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Ward 14, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Srinivasan J, Bakthadoss M. (2S,5S,6R)-5-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-3-phenyl-4,8-dioxa-3-aza-tricyclo-[7.4.0.0]trideca-1(13),9,11-triene-6-carbonitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o283-4. [PMID: 22346925 PMCID: PMC3274980 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811055413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(24)H(20)N(2)O(2), the six-membered pyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation with one C atom deviating from the mean plane of the remaining ring atoms by 0.654 (6) Å. The five-membered isoxazole ring adopts an N-envelope conformation with the N atom displaced by 0.742 (5) Å from the mean plane formed by the remaining ring atoms. The carbonitrile side chain is almost linear, with a C-C-N angle of 178.6 (5)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯N inter-actions, through bifurcated acceptor hydrogen bonds formed between the carbonitrile N atom and two alternate C atoms in the unsubstituted benzene ring. The mol-ecular structure and crystal packing are further stabilized by intra-molecular and inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions.
Collapse
|
29
|
Muruganantham G, Ravichandran K, Saravanakumar K, Swaminathan K, Begum NJ, Sakthivel B. Effect of solvent volume on the physical properties of sprayed fluorine-doped zinc oxide thin films. Cryst Res Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201100527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Swaminathan K, Duvall E, Akyol M. When numbers do not add up! QJM 2011; 104:981-2. [PMID: 21051479 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcq211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, KY2 5AH, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Sivakumar G, Bakthadoss M. Methyl rac-(2 R,11 S,12 R)-12-(2-chlorophenyl)-22-oxo-9,13,21-trioxapentacyclo[12.8.0.0 2,11.0 3,8.0 15,20]docosa-1(14),3,5,7,15(20),16,18-heptaene-11-carboxylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2673. [PMID: 22065629 PMCID: PMC3201225 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811037196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound C27H19ClO6, the coumarin ring system is not exactly planar, with a dihedral angle of 4.12 (7)° between its benzene and lactone rings. The cis-fused pyran rings adopt half-chair conformations. The carbomethoxy and chlorophenyl groups are in a trans configuration. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions, which produce a centrosymmetric R22(14) dimer and two centrosymmetric R22(18) dimers connecting the molecules in a two-dimensional fashion.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The diagnosis of diabetes subtypes in a busy clinic is usually based on the age at onset, phenotype and biochemical diagnostic criteria. Not surprisingly, the focus is predominantly on diagnosing type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More challenging for the physician is to think of monogenic diabetes, which results from gene mutations that reduce beta cell function. Often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common form of monogenic diabetes, accounting for 1-2% of all diabetes cases. A diagnosis of monogenic diabetes has important implications in treatment, the prediction of disease progression and screening of family members. We highlight two cases of monogenic diabetes, where the diagnosis had significant implications in all the above parameters. This is followed by a discussion on the glucokinase and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha MODY, which together constitute the most frequent cause of MODY syndromes in all populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Thethy
- Department of Diabetes, Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy, Fife, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim CY, Tollefsen S, Hotta K, Chen X, Simonsen B, Jayaraman P, Swaminathan K, Mathews I, Sollid LM. Structural and functional investigation of the trans-encoded HLA-DQ8/2. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311086223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
34
|
Hotta K, Chen X, Paton RS, Minami A, Li H, Swaminathan K, Mathews I, Watanabe K, Oikawa H, Houk KN, Kim CY. Structural study of enzymatic anti-Baldwin ring closure in polyether formation. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311094645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Murugan G, Bakthadoss M. ( E)-2-(2-Formylphenoxymethyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enenitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o2000. [PMID: 22091034 PMCID: PMC3213455 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811025670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H13NO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene and the phenyl ring is 65.92 (7)°. The carbonitrile side chain is almost linear, the C—C—N angle being 175.55 (14)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions.
Collapse
|
36
|
Swaminathan K, Yang LM, Grassman TJ, Tabares G, Guzman A, Hierro A, Mills MJ, Ringel SA. Metamorphic In(0.20)Ga(0.80)As p-i-n photodetectors grown on GaAs substrates for near infrared applications. Opt Express 2011; 19:7280-7288. [PMID: 21503039 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The growth and performance of top-illuminated metamorphic In(0.20)Ga(0.80)As p-i-n photodetectors grown on GaAs substrates using a step-graded In(x)Ga(1-x)As buffer is reported. The p-i-n photodetectors display a low room-temperature reverse bias dark current density of ~1.4×10(-7) A/cm(2) at -2 V. Responsivity and specific detectivity values of 0.72 A/W, 2.3×10(12) cm·Hz(1/2)/W and 0.69 A/W, 2.2×10(12) cm·Hz(1/2)/W are achieved for Yb:YAG (1030 nm) and Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser wavelengths at -2 V, respectively. A high theoretical bandwidth-responsivity product of 0.21 GHz·A/W was estimated at 1064 nm. Device performance metrics for these GaAs substrate-based detectors compare favorably with those based on InP technology due to the close tuning of the detector bandgap to the target wavelengths, despite the presence of a residual threading dislocation density. This work demonstrates the great potential for high performance metamorphic near-infrared InGaAs detectors with optimally tuned bandgaps, which can be grown on GaAs substrates, for a wide variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Swaminathan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Murugan G, Bakthadoss M. 1-Methyl-3-(2-methyl-phen-yl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetra-hydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-c][1,2]oxazole-3a-carbonitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o905. [PMID: 21754179 PMCID: PMC3099941 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811009378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(19)H(18)N(2)O(2), the five-membered isoxazole ring adopts an envelope conformation and the deviation of the N atom from the mean plane of the isoxazole ring is -0.3256 (11) Å. The pyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The isoxazole ring forms dihedral angles of 44.07 (7) and 84.23 (7)° with the pyran and methyl-benzene rings, respectively. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - K. Sethusankar
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - G. Murugan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M. Bakthadoss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Swaminathan K, Sethusankar K, Murugan G, Bakthadoss M. 3-(3-Chloro-phen-yl)-1-methyl-3,3a,4,9b-tetra-hydro-1H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a-carbonitrile. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o799. [PMID: 21754088 PMCID: PMC3099863 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811007495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(18)H(15)ClN(2)O(2), the five-membered isoxazole ring adopts an envelope conformation [the deviation of the N atom is 0.3154 (15) Å] and the six-membered pyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The mean plane through all atoms of the isoxazole ring forms dihedral angles of 47.98 (8)° with the mean plane of the chromene ring system and 75.10 (9)° with the chloro-benzene ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Swaminathan
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - K. Sethusankar
- Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India
| | - G. Murugan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - M. Bakthadoss
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Maraimalai Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Harris HE, Kemp EH, Brown EM, Weetman AP, Swaminathan K. First report of anti-calcium-sensing receptor antibodies in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and primary hypoparathyroidism. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1173-5. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
40
|
Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K, Lin FH. Fungal protease: Production, purification and compatibility with laundry detergents and their wash performance. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Selvakumar R, Jothi NA, Jayavignesh V, Karthikaiselvi K, Antony GI, Sharmila PR, Kavitha S, Swaminathan K. As(V) removal using carbonized yeast cells containing silver nanoparticles. Water Res 2011; 45:583-592. [PMID: 20947119 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study involves the development of adsorbent containing silver nanoparticles for arsenate removal using silver reducing property of a novel yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae BU-MBT-CY1 isolated from coconut cell sap. Biological reduction of silver by the isolate was deduced at various time intervals. The yeast cells after biological silver reduction were harvested and subjected to carbonization at 400 °C for 1 h and its properties were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. The average size of the silver nanoparticles present on the surface of the carbonized silver containing yeast cells (CSY) was 19 ± 9 nm. The carbonized control yeast cells (CCY) did not contain any particles on its surface. As(V) adsorption efficiency of CCY and CSY was deduced in batch mode by varying parameters like contact time, initial concentration, and pH. Desorption studies were also carried out by varying the pH. The experimental data were fitted onto Langmuir and D-R Isotherms and Lagergren and pseudo second order kinetic models. The CSY was more efficient in arsenate removal when compared to CCY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Selvakumar
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ghosh S, Jones M, Swaminathan K. Adrenal incidentalomas: a simple guide to a disease of modern technology. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2010; 40:314-6. [DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2010.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
43
|
Selvakumar R, Kavitha S, Sathishkumar M, Jayavignesh V, Swaminathan K. Liquid Phase Separation of As(V) from Aqueous Solution Using PretreatedPaecilomyces variotiiBiomass. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390903563108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
44
|
Taylor P, Perry P, Ibrahim B, Swaminathan K. The Pituitary and Prostate: An Endocrine Connection. Scott Med J 2010. [DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.55.1.57f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 61 year old gentleman presented with polyuria and polydipsia in the absence of diabetes mellitus. This case presentation highlights the diagnostic challenges and surprises in the evaluation of polyuria and polydipsia.
Collapse
|
45
|
Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K. Regeneration and molecular characterization of an intergeneric hybrid between Graphium putredinis and Trichoderma harzianum by protoplasmic fusion. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:285-92. [PMID: 20064604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The fungal strains Graphium putredinis and Trichoderma harzianum were selected as parents for fusant development. Protoplasts were isolated using the combination of lysing enzymes Novozym 234 and cellulase with 0.6M KCl as osmotic stabilizer. The optimum conditions for release of viable protoplasts from the fungal mycelium viz. age of the mycelium, lytic enzymes, osmotic stabilizers, pH, incubation period and regeneration medium were determined. Intergeneric protoplast fusion was carried out using 50% polyethylene glycol with calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) and glycine buffer and the conditions for effective protoplast fusion, viz. fusogen, osmotic stabilizer, pH, incubation period and regeneration medium were optimized. At optimum conditions, the regeneration frequency of the fused protoplasts on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and fusion frequency were calculated. The regeneration frequency on non-selective (PDA) and selective media (PDA amended with starch) was determined for the parental and fusant strains in which, fusant showed a higher rate of regeneration. Fusant formation was confirmed by morphological markers (colony morphology and spore size and shape) and genetical markers like, mycelial protein pattern, restriction digestion pattern and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The efficiency of these parental strains and their intergeneric fusant in the production of hydrolytic enzymes - amylases (treatment plant for sago factory effluent), cellulases (bioethanol), xylanases (bleaching agents for waste paper pulp) and proteases (additives in commercial detergents) - have probable applications in various industrial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Savitha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sathish S, Swaminathan K. Genetic diversity among toxigenic clostridia isolated from soil, water, meat and associated polluted sites in South India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:311-20. [PMID: 19736399 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.55443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the genetic diversity of toxigenic Clostridium strains isolated from soil, water, meat and its associated polluted sites of Southern India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 27 identified isolates of six different toxigenic clostridial species including C. bifermentans , C. botulinum , C. chauvoei , C. ramosum , C. tetani and C. novyi were isolated and characterized by conventional DNA restriction digestion analysis (REA) and by whole-cell and excretory protein patterns on SDS-PAGE. RESULTS The DNA fragment size ranged from 35-160 kilobases and the protein bands 30-200 KDa, followed by numerical analyses and phylogenetic analyses. Whole-cell protein banding pattern were unique with strains of C. chauvoei , C. novyi and C. ramosum . All the strains were heterogeneous and distinct in restriction digestion pattern and excretory protein patterns. CONCLUSION These analyses contribute to the understanding of prevalence of toxigenic clostridial species and phylogeny within the species and assist in development of improved diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment of clostridial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sathish
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pachhade K, Sandhya S, Swaminathan K. Ozonation of reactive dye, Procion red MX-5B catalyzed by metal ions. J Hazard Mater 2009; 167:313-318. [PMID: 19200652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation of aqueous solution of Procion red MX-5B, a commercial azo reactive dye was investigated. The effect of various experimental variables on decolorization and degradation of the dye has been studied. Color removal was faster than organic removal. Dye mineralization was evident by the generation of sulphate, chloride, nitrate, oxalic and acetic acid during ozonation. The decolorization and organic removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Among the metal ions studied, manganese catalyzed ozonation showed better decolorization and organic removal. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated the disappearance of bands for aromatics and appearance of bands due to carboxylic acids in the ozonated samples. Acetyl benzoic acid, diethyl phthalate and phthalic anhydride were identified as intermediates by gas chromatography mass spectra (GC/MS). Based on these findings a tentative pathway for the degradation MX-5B was postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pachhade
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Complex, Taramani, Chennai, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sadhasivam S, Savitha S, Swaminathan K. Redox-mediated decolorization of recalcitrant textile dyes by Trichoderma harzianum WL1 laccase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Murugesan GS, Sathishkumar M, Jayabalan R, Binupriya AR, Swaminathan K, Yun SE. Hepatoprotective and curative properties of Kombucha tea against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 19:397-402. [PMID: 19420997 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0806.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Kombucha tea (KT) is sugared black tea fermented with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is said to be tea fungus. KT is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. In the present study, KT along with black tea (BT) and black tea manufactured with tea fungus enzymes (enzyme-processed tea, ET) was evaluated for hepatoprotective and curative properties against CCl4-induced toxicity, using male albino rats as an experimental model by analyzing aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma and malondialdehyde content in plasma and liver tissues. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also included. Results showed that BT, ET, and KT have the potential to revert the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Among the three types of teas tried, KT was found to be more efficient than BT and ET. Antioxidant molecules produced during the fermentation period could be the reason for the efficient hepatoprotective and curative properties of KT against CCI4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K. Modification of paper properties by the pretreatment of wastepaper pulp with Graphiumputredinis, Trichodermaharzianum and fusant xylanases. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:883-9. [PMID: 18723340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphiumputredinis, Trichodermaharzianum and fusant were used in the present study to produce extracellular xylanases, an important industrial enzyme used in pulp and paper industry produced in a minimal medium supplemented with oat spelt xylan (1%, w/v) pH 7.0 at 27+/-2 degrees C. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by DEAE-Cellulose and Superdex 75 FPLC column, respectively. The enzyme was found to be a monomer as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for purified G. putredinis, T. harzianum and fusant xylanases were 5.0-6.0 and 50-70 degrees C, respectively. Pretreatment of paper pulp with G. putredinis, T. harzianum and fusant xylanases decreased pulp kappa number. Xylanases particularly that of fusant at 5 IU/g pulp concentration and 1.5% pulp consistency at 60 degrees C for 18 h followed by EDED process yielded good quality paper from waste paper pulp. A significant increase in pulp brightness and improvement in various pulp properties, viz. burst capacity, thickness and bulkness of the treated pulp were observed in comparison to the conventional chemical bleaching. Easy purification and high stability of these enzymes makes it amicable for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Savitha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|