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Erlandson JM, Braje TJ, Ainis AF, Culleton BJ, Gill KM, Hofman CA, Kennett DJ, Reeder-Myers LA, Rick TC. Maritime Paleoindian technology, subsistence, and ecology at an ~11,700 year old Paleocoastal site on California's Northern Channel Islands, USA. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238866. [PMID: 32941444 PMCID: PMC7498104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 10 years, we have learned a great deal about the potential for a coastal peopling of the Americas and the importance of marine resources in early economies. Despite research at a growing number of terminal Pleistocene archaeological sites on the Pacific Coast of the Americas, however, important questions remain about the lifeways of early Paleocoastal peoples. Research at CA-SRI-26, a roughly 11,700 year old site on California's Santa Rosa Island, provides new data on Paleoindian technologies, subsistence strategies, and seasonality in an insular maritime setting. Buried beneath approximately two meters of alluvium, much of the site has been lost to erosion, but its remnants have produced chipped stone artifacts (crescents and Channel Island Amol and Channel Island Barbed points) diagnostic of early island Paleocoastal components. The bones of waterfowl and seabirds, fish, and marine mammals, along with small amounts of shellfish document a diverse subsistence strategy. These data support a relatively brief occupation during the wetter "winter" season (late fall to early spring), in an upland location several km from the open coast. When placed in the context of other Paleocoastal sites on the Channel Islands, CA-SRI-26 demonstrates diverse maritime subsistence strategies and a mix of seasonal and more sustained year-round island occupations. Our results add to knowledge about a distinctive island Paleocoastal culture that appears to be related to Western Stemmed Tradition sites widely scattered across western North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M. Erlandson
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Braje
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Amira F. Ainis
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
| | - Brendan J. Culleton
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Gill
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
- Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Courtney A. Hofman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Kennett
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Reeder-Myers
- Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Torben C. Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rick TC, Braje TJ, Erlandson JM, Gill KM, Kirn L, Mclaren-Dewey L. Horizon Scanning: Survey and Research Priorities for Cultural, Historical, and Paleobiological Resources of Santa Cruz Island, California. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben C. Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013-7012
| | - Todd J. Braje
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-6040
| | - Jon M. Erlandson
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Kristina M. Gill
- Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Laura Kirn
- Channel Islands National Park, 1901 Spinnaker Dr., Ventura, CA 93001
| | - Lynn Mclaren-Dewey
- University of California Natural Reserve System, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150
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Abstract
This study explored the relation of personal and professional characteristics to the attitudes of health professionals toward parent participation. A random sample of members of the Association for the Care of Children's Health completed the Parent Participation Questionnaire. Attitudes were more accepting in subjects who were parents (p < .01), ever married (p < .05), educators (p < .01); older (p < .01), more experienced (p < .01), and/or had a higher level of education (p < .01). Health professionals need to develop means of creating positive attitudes that are not based solely on an individual's characteristics. These, however, can be mediated through several strategies--for example, role modeling, sharing, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Gill
- College of Nursing, University of Akron, OH 44325
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Abstract
A nonrandom sample of 273 registered nurses completed a questionnaire that included the Parent Participation Attitude Scale and a personal and professional data section. Analysis of variance indicated that subjects who were married, were parents, were nursing supervisors, had a collegiate nursing education, or worked in Hospital 1 or 4 had more positive attitudes toward parent participation than did subjects who did not possess these characteristics. Further study of nurses from 28 hospitals found that head nurses, nursing supervisors, nurses with a professional nursing education, and nurses with a master's degree in nursing had significantly more accepting attitudes than did nurses without these characteristics.
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Abstract
This study compared the temporal-distance (TD) gait values of two groups of neurologically impaired subjects with published TD gait values of healthy subjects and analyzed the influence of nine clinical characteristics on TD values in the neurologically impaired subjects. Velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and ratio of stride length to lower extremity length were recorded for 37 subjects with hemiparesis and 24 subjects with multiple sclerosis. Temporal-distance values were well below normal values, even in functionally independent subjects. Overall, the subjects with hemiparesis had lower values than the subjects with multiple sclerosis. Of the nine characteristics examined, only diagnosis, etiologic factor (for hemiparesis), type of ambulation aid, and functional category were related significantly to TD values. Our findings suggest that TD gait performance goals for patients with neurological impairment should be based on values from impaired rather than healthy subjects and that these goals should be adjusted for the individual patient's diagnosis, etiologic factor, type of ambulation aid, and functional category.
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Abstract
This study of subjects with multiple sclerosis or hemiparesis assessed the interrater and test-retest reliability of temporal-distance (TD) gait measures and examined the relationship of TD values to functional ambulation ability. Sixty-one subjects ambulated twice on a 9-m (30-ft) paper walkway and rested 15 minutes between trials. An ink footprint record and ambulation time were used to calculate velocity, cadence, step and stride lengths, stride length to lower extremity length ratio, and step- and stride-time differentials. Subjects were rated on a scale that assessed the amount of manual assistance required for ambulation. Interrater and test-retest reliability were high for all TD measures except stride-time differential for the total sample and within diagnostic categories. The TD values were highly reliable in all functional categories except one. All TD measures except stride- and step-time differential displayed a strong linear relationship to the functional ambulation category. Implications for using TD measures in clinical settings are discussed.
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Abstract
Filbey and Gazzaniga (1969) found simple dot-present or -absent reports averaged 35 ms slower for the left than for the right visual field. Other data suggests that verbal processing efficiency differences between the cerebral hemispheres, rather than transcallosal transfer time alone, must be tapped to obtain half-field differences as large as 35 ms. Three experiments were conducted. The first failed to show any half-field differences in vocal RT for dot detection; the second replicated previous reports of significant right field superiority of vocal RT to letter stimuli for right handers, and also showed a substantially smaller half-field difference for left handers; the third experiment, utilizing the fixation control procedure of the second experiment, again failed to show half-field differences for the dot detection paradigm. Differences between the Filbey and Gazzaniga and present results probably reflect important procedural differences. We conclude that transcallosal transfer time for simple dot information is much smaller than assumed by Filbey and Gazzaniga and that the letter report-time task taps hemispheric asymmetries of verbal processing efficiency.
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McKeever WF, Gill KM. Visual half-field differences in the recognition of bilaterally presented single letters and vertically spelled words. Percept Mot Skills 1972; 34:815-8. [PMID: 5040494 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1972.34.3.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tachistoscopic recognition of bilaterally presented single letters and vertically spelled words as a function of the lateral visual-half-field placement of the stimuli was examined. Right visual-field recognition superiority obtained for both types of stimuli, but the percentage of Ss showing right-field superiority was much lower than obtained in earlier experiments using horizontally spelled words as stimuli. Data from this aggregate of experiments were discussed in terms of compatibility with the view that reading habits play at least some role in producing right-field superiority with horizontal words. It was suggested that reading habits are not fundamental to the results and that all the data can be encompassed within a lateral dominance and visual masking-temporal registration sequence model in which the temporal patterning of inputs from differing retinal locations plays a major role in producing left-right differences for horizontally displayed words.
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