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Ripley S, Minet L, Zalzal J, Godri Pollitt K, Gao D, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Maher BA, Hatzopoulou M, Weichenthal S. Predicting Spatial Variations in Multiple Measures of PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential and Magnetite Nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal, Canada. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:7256-7265. [PMID: 34965092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest to move beyond fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) when evaluating the population health impacts of outdoor air pollution. However, few exposure models are currently available to support such analyses. In this study, we conducted large-scale monitoring campaigns across Montreal and Toronto, Canada during summer 2018 and winter 2019 and developed models to predict spatial variations in (1) the ability of PM2.5 to generate reactive oxygen species in the lung fluid (ROS), (2) PM2.5 oxidative potential based on the depletion of ascorbate (OPAA) and glutathione (OPGSH) in a cell-free assay, and (3) anhysteretic magnetic remanence (XARM) as an indicator of magnetite nanoparticles. We also examined how exposure to PM oxidative capacity metrics (ROS/OP) varied by socioeconomic status within each city. In Montreal, areas with higher material deprivation, indicating lower area-level average household income and employment, were exposed to PM2.5 characterized by higher ROS and OP. This relationship was not observed in Toronto. The developed models will be used in epidemiologic studies to assess the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 and iron-rich magnetic nanoparticles in Toronto and Montreal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Ripley
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
| | - Laura Minet
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Krystal Godri Pollitt
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Dong Gao
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Barbara A Maher
- Centre for Environmental Magnetism & Palaeomagnetism, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K., LA1 4YW
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 1A4
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3A 1G1
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Jobst KJ, Arora A, Pollitt KG, Sled JG. Dried blood spots for the identification of bio-accumulating organic compounds: current challenges and future perspectives. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 2020; 15:66-73. [PMID: 33073071 PMCID: PMC7560987 DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exposome is a concept that underlines the critical relationship between health and environmental exposures, including environmental toxicants. Currently, most environmental exposures that contribute to the exposome have not been characterized. Dried-blood spots (DBS) offer a cost-effective, reliable approach to characterize the blood exposome, which consists of diverse endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including persistent and bioaccumulating organic compounds. Current challenges involve prioritizing the identification by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry of likely up to tens of thousands of compounds present in blood; characterizing substances that represent a mixture of myriad constituent compounds; and detecting trace level contaminants, especially in quantity-limited matrices like DBS. This contribution reviews recent trends in DBS analysis of chemical pollutants and highlights the need for continued research in analytical chemistry to advance the field of exposomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J. Jobst
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Phillip Drive, St. John's A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Anmol Arora
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, 06520 USA
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Krystal Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, 06520 USA
| | - John G. Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto M5G 1L7, Canada
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Liu L, Urch B, Szyszkowicz M, Evans G, Speck M, Van Huang A, Leingartner K, Shutt RH, Pelletier G, Gold DR, Brook JR, Godri Pollitt K, Silverman FS. Metals and oxidative potential in urban particulate matter influence systemic inflammatory and neural biomarkers: A controlled exposure study. Environ Int 2018; 121:1331-1340. [PMID: 30420132 PMCID: PMC6396878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to be important pathways leading to particulate matter (PM)-associated disease. In this exploratory study, we examined the effects of metals and oxidative potential (OP) in urban PM on biomarkers of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and neural function. METHODS Fifty-three healthy non-smoking volunteers (mean age 28 years, twenty-eight females) were exposed to coarse (2.5-10 μm, mean 213 μg/m3), fine (0.15-2.5 μm, 238 μg/m3), and/or ultrafine concentrated ambient PM (<0.3 μm, 136 μg/m3). Exposures lasted 130 min, separated by ≥2 weeks. Metal concentrations and OP (measured by ascorbate and glutathione depletion in synthetic airway fluid) in PM were analyzed. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-exposure, and 1-h and 21-h post exposure for assessment of biomarkers. We used mixed-regression models to analyze associations adjusting for PM size and mass concentration. RESULTS Results for metals were expressed as change (%) from daily pre-exposure biomarker levels after exposure to a metal at a level equivalent to the mean concentration. Exposure to various metals (silver, aluminum, barium, copper, iron, potassium, lithium, nickel, tin, and/or vanadium) was significantly associated with increased levels of various blood or urinary biomarkers. For example, the blood inflammatory marker vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) increased 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.3%, 10.2%) 1-h post exposure to nickel; the traumatic brain injury marker ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) increased 11% (1.2%, 21%) and 14% (0.3%, 29%) 1-h and 21-h post exposure to barium, respectively; and the systemic stress marker cortisol increased 1.5% (0%, 2.9%) and 1.5% (0.5%, 2.8%) 1-h and 21-h post exposure to silver, respectively. Urinary DNA oxidation marker 8‑hydroxy‑deoxy‑guanosine increased 14% (6.4%, 21%) 1-h post exposure to copper; urinary neural marker vanillylmandelic acid increased 29% (3%, 54%) 1-h post exposure to aluminum; and urinary cortisol increased 88% (0.9%, 176%) 1-h post exposure to vanadium. Results for OP were expressed as change (%) from daily pre-exposure biomarker levels after exposure to ascorbate-related OP at a level equivalent to the mean concentration, or for exposure to glutathione-related OP at a level above the limit of detection. Exposure to ascorbate- or glutathione-related OP was significantly associated with increased inflammatory and neural biomarkers including interleukin-6, VEGF, UCHL1, and S100 calcium-binding protein B in blood, and malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine in urine. For example, UCHL1 increased 9.4% (1.8%, 17%) in blood 21-h post exposure to ascorbate-related OP, while urinary malondialdehyde increased 19% (3.6%, 35%) and 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine increased 24% (2.9%, 48%) 21-h post exposure to ascorbate- and glutathione-related OP, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results from this exploratory study suggest that metal constituents and OP in ambient PM may influence biomarker levels associated with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, perturbations of neural function, and systemic physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bruce Urch
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Greg Evans
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Speck
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Van Huang
- Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Leingartner
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin H Shutt
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pelletier
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane R Gold
- The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Frances S Silverman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Divisions of Occupational Medicine and Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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