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Kaczmarek KT, Protokowicz K, Kaczmarek L. Matrix metalloproteinase-9: A magic drug target in neuropsychiatry? J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37791997 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric conditions represent a major medical and societal challenge. The etiology of these conditions is very complex and combines genetic and environmental factors. The latter, for example, excessive maternal or early postnatal inflammation, as well as various forms of psychotrauma, often act as triggers leading to mental illness after a prolonged latent period (sometimes years). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an extracellularly and extrasynaptic operating protease that is markedly activated in response to the aforementioned environmental insults. MMP-9 has also been shown to play a pivotal role in the plasticity of excitatory synapses, which, in its aberrant form, has repeatedly been implicated in the etiology of mental illness. In this conceptual review, we evaluate the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the claim that MMP-9 is uniquely positioned to be considered a drug target for ameliorating the adverse effects of environmental insults on the development of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, autism spectrum disorders, addiction, and epilepsy. We also identify specific challenges and bottlenecks hampering the translation of knowledge on MMP-9 into new clinical treatments for the conditions above and suggest ways to overcome these barriers.
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Krehlik T, Stabrawa A, Gartman R, Kaczmarek KT, Löw R, Wojciechowski A. Zeeman optical pumping of 87Rb atoms in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Opt Lett 2022; 47:5731-5734. [PMID: 37219315 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of an atomic ensemble in a particular Zeeman state is a critical step of many protocols for implementing quantum sensors and quantum memories. These devices can also benefit from optical fiber integration. In this work we describe experimental results supported by a theoretical model of single-beam optical pumping of 87Rb atoms within a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The observed 50% population increase in the pumped F = 2, mF = 2 Zeeman substate along with the depopulation of remaining Zeeman substates enabled us to achieve a threefold improvement in the relative population of the mF = 2 substate within the F = 2 manifold, with 60% of the F = 2 population residing in the mF = 2 dark sublevel. Based on theoretical model, we propose methods to further improve the pumping efficiency in alkali-filled hollow-core fibers.
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Businger M, Tiranov A, Kaczmarek KT, Welinski S, Zhang Z, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Afzelius M. Optical Spin-Wave Storage in a Solid-State Hybridized Electron-Nuclear Spin Ensemble. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:053606. [PMID: 32083938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.053606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state impurity spins with optical control are currently investigated for quantum networks and repeaters. Among these, rare-earth-ion doped crystals are promising as quantum memories for light, with potentially long storage time, high multimode capacity, and high bandwidth. However, with spins there is often a tradeoff between bandwidth, which favors electronic spin, and memory time, which favors nuclear spins. Here, we present optical storage experiments using highly hybridized electron-nuclear hyperfine states in ^{171}Yb^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5}, where the hybridization can potentially offer both long storage time and high bandwidth. We reach a storage time of 1.2 ms and an optical storage bandwidth of 10 MHz that is currently only limited by the Rabi frequency of the optical control pulses. The memory efficiency in this proof-of-principle demonstration was about 3%. The experiment constitutes the first optical storage using spin states in any rare-earth ion with electronic spin. These results pave the way for rare-earth based quantum memories with high bandwidth, long storage time, and high multimode capacity, a key resource for quantum repeaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Businger
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Tiranov
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K T Kaczmarek
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S Welinski
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Z Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Ferrier
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingnierie, Sorbonne Université, UFR 933, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Goldner
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Afzelius
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
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Gao S, Lazo-Arjona O, Brecht B, Kaczmarek KT, Thomas SE, Nunn J, Ledingham PM, Saunders DJ, Walmsley IA. Optimal Coherent Filtering for Single Noisy Photons. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:213604. [PMID: 31809170 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.213604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a filter using a noise-free quantum buffer with large optical bandwidth that can both filter temporal-spectral modes as well as interconvert them and change their frequency. We theoretically show that such quantum buffers optimally filter out temporal-spectral noise, producing identical single photons from many distinguishable noisy single-photon sources with the minimum required reduction in brightness. We then experimentally demonstrate a noise-free quantum buffer in a warm atomic system that is well matched to quantum dots. Based on these experiments, simulations show that our buffer can outperform all intensity (incoherent) filtering schemes for increasing indistinguishability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gao
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - O Lazo-Arjona
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Brecht
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Integrated Quantum Optics, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - K T Kaczmarek
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | - S E Thomas
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Nunn
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - P M Ledingham
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D J Saunders
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Klatzow J, Becker JN, Ledingham PM, Weinzetl C, Kaczmarek KT, Saunders DJ, Nunn J, Walmsley IA, Uzdin R, Poem E. Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Effects in the Operation of Microscopic Heat Engines. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:110601. [PMID: 30951320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the internal states of a working fluid to be in a coherent superposition is one of the basic properties of a quantum heat engine. It was recently predicted that in the regime of small engine action, this ability can enable a quantum heat engine to produce more power than any equivalent classical heat engine. It was also predicted that in the same regime, the presence of such internal coherence causes different types of quantum heat engines to become thermodynamically equivalent. Here, we use an ensemble of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond for implementing two types of quantum heat engines, and experimentally observe both effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Klatzow
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas N Becker
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M Ledingham
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Weinzetl
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof T Kaczmarek
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genéve, CH-1211 Genéve, Switzerland
| | - Dylan J Saunders
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Nunn
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Raam Uzdin
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Eilon Poem
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Saunders DJ, Munns JHD, Champion TFM, Qiu C, Kaczmarek KT, Poem E, Ledingham PM, Walmsley IA, Nunn J. Cavity-Enhanced Room-Temperature Broadband Raman Memory. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:090501. [PMID: 26991164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Broadband quantum memories hold great promise as multiplexing elements in future photonic quantum information protocols. Alkali-vapor Raman memories combine high-bandwidth storage, on-demand readout, and operation at room temperature without collisional fluorescence noise. However, previous implementations have required large control pulse energies and have suffered from four-wave-mixing noise. Here, we present a Raman memory where the storage interaction is enhanced by a low-finesse birefringent cavity tuned into simultaneous resonance with the signal and control fields, dramatically reducing the energy required to drive the memory. By engineering antiresonance for the anti-Stokes field, we also suppress the four-wave-mixing noise and report the lowest unconditional noise floor yet achieved in a Raman-type warm vapor memory, (15±2)×10^{-3} photons per pulse, with a total efficiency of (9.5±0.5)%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Saunders
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J H D Munns
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - T F M Champion
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - C Qiu
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Quantum Institute for Light and Atoms, State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - K T Kaczmarek
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - E Poem
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P M Ledingham
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - I A Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - J Nunn
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Kaczmarek KT, Saunders DJ, Sprague MR, Kolthammer WS, Feizpour A, Ledingham PM, Brecht B, Poem E, Walmsley IA, Nunn J. Ultrahigh and persistent optical depths of cesium in Kagomé-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. Opt Lett 2015; 40:5582-5585. [PMID: 26625056 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-filled hollow-core fibers are a promising medium for investigating light-matter interactions, especially at the single-photon level, due to the tight confinement of light and high optical depths achievable by light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD). However, until now these large optical depths could only be generated for seconds, at most once per day, severely limiting the practicality of the technology. Here we report the generation of the highest observed transient (>10(5) for up to a minute) and highest observed persistent (>2000 for hours) optical depths of alkali vapors in a light-guiding geometry to date, using a cesium-filled Kagomé-type hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). Our results pave the way to light-matter interaction experiments in confined geometries requiring long operation times and large atomic number densities, such as generation of single-photon-level nonlinearities and development of single photon quantum memories.
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Martinez de Escobar YN, Palacios Álvarez S, Coop S, Vanderbruggen T, Kaczmarek KT, Mitchell MW. Absolute frequency references at 1529 and 1560 nm using modulation transfer spectroscopy. Opt Lett 2015; 40:4731-4734. [PMID: 26469606 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a double optical frequency reference (1529 and 1560 nm) for the telecom C-band using 87Rb modulation transfer spectroscopy. The two reference frequencies are defined by the 5S(1/2)F=2→5P(3/2)F'=3 two-level and 5S(1/2)F=2→5P(3/2)F'=3→4D(5/2)F''=4 ladder transitions. We examine the sensitivity of the frequency stabilization to probe power and magnetic field fluctuations, calculate its frequency shift due to residual amplitude modulation, and estimate its shift due to gas collisions. The short-term Allan deviation was estimated from the error signal slope for the two transitions. Our scheme provides a simple and high performing system for references at these important wavelengths. We estimate that an absolute accuracy of ∼1 kHz is realistic.
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