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Lin WC, Chiu YL, Kuo KL, Chow PM, Hsu CH, Liao SM, Dong JR, Chang SC, Liu SH, Liu TJ, Hsu FS, Wang KC, Lin YC, Chang CC, Huang KY. Anti-tumor effects of deubiquitinating enzyme inhibitor PR-619 in human chondrosarcoma through reduced cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3055-3066. [PMID: 37559983 PMCID: PMC10408468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma, a treatment-resistant cancer with limited therapeutic options, lacks significant advancements in treatment methods. However, PR-619, a novel inhibitor of deubiquitinating enzymes, has demonstrated anti-tumor effects in various malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PR-619 on chondrosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. Two human chondrosarcoma cell lines, SW11353 and JJ012, were utilized. Cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay, while flow cytometry enabled the detection of apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Western blotting analyses were conducted to evaluate apoptosis, cell stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-tumor effects of PR-619 were examined using a xenograft mouse model. The results revealed that PR-619 induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 stage by activating caspases, PARP cleavage, and p21. Moreover, PR-619 increased the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and ER stress by activating IRE1, GRP78, caspase-4, CHOP, and other cellular stress responses, including JNK activation. In vivo analysis demonstrated that PR-619 effectively inhibited tumor growth with minimal toxicity in the xenograft mouse model. These findings provide evidence of the anti-tumor effects and induction of cellular and ER stress by PR-619 in human chondrosarcoma, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for in human chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chow
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Dong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Yangming Branch of Taipei City Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
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Kuo KL, Hsu CH, Liao SM, Huang KY. Abstract 6128: Deubiquitinating enzyme Inhibitor PR-619 inducesendoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosisin human chondrosarcoma. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
It is reported that PR-619 is a deubiquitination enzyme inhibitor that can exert anti-tumor effects on a variety of malignancies. We conducted this study to explore the antitumor effects of PR-619 on chondrosarcoma in vitro and in vivo by using two different classes of human chondrosarcoma cell lines SW-11353 and JJ012. To determine these effects, we measured cell viability (MTT), apoptosis (detection of Annexin V-FITC labeling using flow cytometry) and western blot to evaluate molecules associated with apoptosis and cell stress. In addition, we used a nude mouse xenograft mouse model to determine the effect of PR-619 on tumor growth. As our data revealed, in addition to inducing BAD and activating Capase-7, Caspase-8, and PARP, PR-619 also has a dose-effect that induces cytotoxicity, proliferation restriction, and apoptosis in these human chondrosarcoma cells. PR-619 has also been found to activate endoplasmic reticulum pressure-related molecules (caspase-4 and CHOP) and other stress responses (activation of JNK and c-Jun). We conclusively demonstrated the ability of PR-619 to inhibit tumor growth while achieving minimal general toxicity in a developed xenograft mouse model of chondrosarcoma. Therefore, we conclude that PR-619 exacts an antitumor effect in conjunction with cellular and endoplasmic reticulum pressure in human chondrosarcoma. These findings suggest that PR-619 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for chondrosarcoma.
Citation Format: Kuan-Lin Kuo, Chen-Hsun Hsu, Shih-Ming Liao, Kuo-Yuan Huang. Deubiquitinating enzyme Inhibitor PR-619 inducesendoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosisin human chondrosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Kuo
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chow PM, Dong JR, Chang YW, Kuo KL, Lin WC, Liu SH, Huang KH. The UCHL5 Inhibitor b-AP15 Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance via Suppression of Cancer Stemness in Urothelial Carcinoma. Molecular Therapy - Oncolytics 2022; 26:387-398. [PMID: 36090476 PMCID: PMC9421311 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) comprises the majority of bladder cancers. Standard platinum-based chemotherapy has a response rate of approximately 50%, but drug resistance develops after short-term treatment. Deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme inhibitors increase protein polyubiquitination and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which might further suppress cancer stemness and overcome cisplatin resistance. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic effect and potential mechanisms of b-AP15 on urothelial carcinoma. Our results revealed that b-AP15 induced ER stress and apoptosis in BFTC905, T24, T24/R (cisplatin-resistant), and RT4 urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of the MYC signaling pathway and cancer stemness by b-AP15 was confirmed by RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and sphere-forming assays. In the mouse xenograft model, the combination of b-AP15 and cisplatin showed superior therapeutic effects compared with either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chow
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Dong
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Corresponding author Kuo-How Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Hsu FS, Lin WC, Kuo KL, Chiu YL, Hsu CH, Liao SM, Dong JR, Liu SH, Chang SC, Yang SP, Chen YT, Chang RJ, Huang KH. PR-619, a General Inhibitor of Deubiquitylating Enzymes, Diminishes Cisplatin Resistance in Urothelial Carcinoma Cells through the Suppression of c-Myc: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11706. [PMID: 34769137 PMCID: PMC8584183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients experience chemoresistance, the primary cause of treatment failure, which leads to disease relapse. The underlying mechanism of chemoresistance involves reduced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of the deubiquitylating enzyme inhibitor PR-619 in cisplatin-resistant bladder UC. Deubiquitinase (ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) and USP21) immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that deubiquitination is related to chemoresistance in patients with metastatic UC and may be a target for overcoming chemoresistance. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay, and PR-619 was found to enhance the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant T24/R cells. Mitigated cisplatin chemoresistance was associated with the concurrent suppression of c-Myc expression in T24/R cells. Moreover, the expression of c-Myc was upregulated in human bladder UC specimens from patients with chemoresistance. Experiments in a xenograft nude mouse model confirmed that PR-619 enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin. These results are promising for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent UC chemoresistance through the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents/deubiquitination inhibitors (PR-619) by targeting the c-Myc pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Urology, YangMing Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Jun-Ren Dong
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Yueh-Tang Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Ruei-Je Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
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Chow PM, Chang YW, Kuo KL, Lin WC, Liu SH, Huang KH. CDK7 inhibition by THZ1 suppresses cancer stemness in both chemonaïve and chemoresistant urothelial carcinoma via the hedgehog signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:70-79. [PMID: 33741425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 4.6% in metastatic UC. Despite the advances related to immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy, chemotherapy remains the standard of care for metastatic diseases, with a 50% response rate. The covalent cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitor THZ1 interferes with transcription machinery and is reported to be effective in cancers without targetable mutations. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of THZ1 on UC and examined possible mechanisms underlying its effects in both chemonaïve and chemosensitive cancers. CDK7 expression is increased in bladder cancer tissues, especially in patients with chemoresistance. THZ1 induced apoptosis and decreased viability in RT4, BFTC905, HT1376, T24, and T24/R UC cell lines. RNA-sequencing, immunoblotting, and sphere-formation assays confirmed that THZ1 suppressed cancer stemness. In the mouse xenograft model, THZ1 suppressed both chemonaïve and chemoresistant tumors. These results indicate that CDK7 inhibition-related cancer stemness suppression is a potential therapeutic strategy for both chemonaïve and chemoresistant UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chow
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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Kuo KL, Lin WC, Liu SH, Hsu FS, Kuo Y, Liao SM, Yang SP, Wang ZH, Hsu CH, Huang KH. THZ1, a covalent CDK7 inhibitor, enhances gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity via suppression of Bcl-2 in urothelial carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:171-180. [PMID: 33520367 PMCID: PMC7840706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus cisplatin remains the mainstay of treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC); however, drug resistance occurs in most patients and eventually leads to treatment failure. In this study, we investigated the role of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) regulation in the treatment of human UCs. Moreover, we studied the effect of THZ1, a CDK7 inhibitor, alone and in combination with gemcitabine, on UCs and explored the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CDK7 expression was significantly higher in UC tumors than in counterpart urothelium. THZ1 elicited dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in two high-grade UC cells (BFTC905 and T24). THZ1 co-treatment potentiated gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity with suppression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Studies with a xenograft nude mouse model also confirmed that THZ1 enhanced the antitumor effect of gemcitabine on UC. These findings provide important pilot data to target CDK7 or Bcl-2 for the treatment of UCs and for overcoming chemoresistance in UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Hsu
- Department of Urology, Yang Ming Branch of Taipei City HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kuo
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Zuo-He Wang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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Shi CS, Kuo KL, Lin WC, Chen MS, Liu SH, Liao SM, Hsu CH, Chang YW, Chang HC, Huang KH. Neddylation inhibitor, MLN4924 suppresses angiogenesis in huvecs and solid cancers: in vitro and in vivo study. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:953-964. [PMID: 32266102 PMCID: PMC7136913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING E3 ligases are involved in the ubiquitination of substrates that regulate important biological processes and are a potential therapeutic target in many types of cancer. MLN4924, a small molecule of NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, inactivates CRL by blocking cullin neddylation and has been reported to elicit anti-tumor effect. In this study, In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of MLN4924 on angiogenesis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and four types of cancer cells. Our results showed that MLN4924 inhibits cell viability and induced apoptosis in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and interferes with the cell cycle checkpoint regulators, p21, p27, and phospho-histone H3. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment increased the level of UBC12 in HUVECs, indicating that neddylation pathway is involved in VEGF-activated angiogenesis. MLN4924 decreased VEGF-activated cell proliferation via neddylation inhibition. MLN4924 inhibited VEGF-activated cell migration, capillary tube formation and VEGF-mediated Erk1/2 activation in HUVECs. We also examined antitumor effect of MLN4924 using xenograft SCID mouse models of four different types of cancer cells. The in vivo results showed MLN4924 inhibited tumor growth in all four types of cancers with decreasing CD31 expression in xenograft tumor. In conclusion, MLN4924 inhibited viability, migration, and VEGF-promoted angiogenic activity in HUVECs; consistently, MLN4924 inhibited tumor growth in four types of cancers with suppression of angiogenesis. These findings provide evidence to develop therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment through anti-angiogenesis through neddylation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Sin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei 100, Taiwan
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Chow PM, Liu SH, Chang YW, Kuo KL, Lin WC, Huang KH. The covalent CDK7 inhibitor THZ1 enhances temsirolimus-induced cytotoxicity via autophagy suppression in human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 471:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Liao SM, Hsu FS, Yang SP, Chang YW, Chow PM, Pu YS, Tsai YC, Kuo KL, Huang KH. Abstract 71: NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant cancer stem-like cells of human urothelial carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a crucial role in cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. To develop treatment to inhibit CSCs provides promising target for cancer therapy. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of chemoresistant cancer stem-like cells of UCs (T24/R) after chemotherapeutic drug selection from T24, a bladder UC cell line. The T24/R cells displayed stemness markers (SOX2, Nanog, and Kruppel-like factor 4), high tumorigenicity in vivo, and enhanced invasion ability because of their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties. A neddylation inhibitor, MLN4924, efficiently inhibited viability and migration as well as induced apoptosis in the T24/R cells with concomitant suppression of stemness and EMT markers. Our findings suggest that MLN4924 effeiciently suppressed chemoresistant cancer stem-like UC cells and was a promising agent to conquer drug resistance in human bladder UCs.
Citation Format: Shih-Ming Liao, Fu-Shun Hsu, Shao-Ping Yang, Yu-Wei Chang, Po-Ming Chow, Yeong-Shiau Pu, Yu-Chieh Tsai, Kuan-Lin Kuo, Kuo-How Huang. NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant cancer stem-like cells of human urothelial carcinomas in vitro and in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 71.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fu-Shun Hsu
- 2New Taipei City Hospital / Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, New Taipei City / Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Wei Chang
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chow
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin WC, Hsu FS, Kuo KL, Liu SH, Shun CT, Shi CS, Chang HC, Tsai YC, Lin MC, Wu JT, Kuo Y, Chow PM, Liao SM, Yang SP, Hong JY, Huang KH. Correction to: Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapy via suppression of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in urothelial carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:435-436. [PMID: 30741319 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 1b, upper part, the cell viability counts after treatment with cisplatin and TSA in T24 cells was by mistake a duplication of the image for NTUB1 on the left. In the corrected version of Fig. 1, the image was replaced appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chow
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Yu Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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11
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Lin WC, Hsu FS, Kuo KL, Liu SH, Shun CT, Shi CS, Chang HC, Tsai YC, Lin MC, Wu JT, Kuo Y, Chow PM, Liao SM, Yang SP, Hong JY, Huang KH. Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induces synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapy via suppression of Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in urothelial carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:1307-1318. [PMID: 30288546 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of enzymes, alone or in combination with anyone of the three chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, gemcitabine, and doxorubicin) for the treatment of human urothelial carcinoma (UC). Two high-grade human UC cell lines (T24 and NTUB1) were used. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of phospho-c-Raf, phospho-MEK1/2, and phospho-ERK1/2 was measured by western blotting. ERK siRNA knockdown and the specific MEK inhibitor U0126 were used to examine the role of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in combined cytotoxicity of TSA and chemotherapy. TSA co-treatment with any one of the three chemotherapeutic agents induced synergistic cytotoxicity (combination index < 1) and concomitantly suppressed chemotherapeutic drug-induced activation of Raf-MEK-ERK pathway. Combination of ERK siRNA knockdown and treatment with the specific MEK inhibitor (U0126) enhanced the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapy on UC cells. These observations were confirmed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Moreover, activated Raf/MEK/ERK pathway was observed in human bladder UC specimens from patients with chemoresistant status. In conclusion, TSA elicits a synergistic cytotoxic response in combination with chemotherapy via targeting the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. TSA elicits synergistic cytotoxic response in combination with three DNA-damaging drugs (cisplatin, gemcitabine, and doxorubicin). Activated Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is involved in chemoresistant mechanism of UC. Combining chemotherapeutic agents with HDAC inhibitor (TSA) or with targeting Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is promising to circumvent chemoresistance in UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, New Taipei City Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Chow
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Yu Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1 Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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12
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Kuo KL, shi CS, Hsieh JT, Chen SP, Lin WC, Liao SM, Liu SH, Huang KH. Abstract 5878: Trichostatin A overcomes chemotherapeutic resistance of urothelial carcinoma cells through the inactivation of c-Raf/ERK pathway. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been reported to elicit anti-proliferative response in various tumors. Here, we investigated antitumor effect of TSA alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents on urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells. We use one high-grade UC cell line (T24) and another UC cells (NTUUC) obtained by primary culture from the surgical specimen of a women with high-grade and metastatic bladder UC. The cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by TSA alone , chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, gemcitabine and doxorubicin) and combined treatment were assessed by MTT assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting and flow cytometry. The expression of phosphor c-Raf, phosphor-MEK1/2, and phosphor-ERK1/2 were measured by Western blot. urther elucidation on the role of Raf/MEK/ERK pathoway on the TSA-enhanced cytoxicity were exmained by using ERK1 siRNA knockdown and the specific MEK inhibitor (PD98059). Our results showed TSA markedly enhances the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of three chemotherapeutic agents in UC cells with concurrent suppression of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Consistently, inhibition of Down-regulation of ERK by MEK inhibitor or by ERK 1 siRNA knockdown potentiated the chemotherapeutic agnet-induced cytotoxicity of TSA in UC cells. We concluded that TSA potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin, gemcitabine and doxorubicin in human UC cells through Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These findings provide a new treatment strategy against UC.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Kuan-Lin Kuo, Chung-Sheng shi, Ju-Tong Hsieh, Shiang-Peng Chen, Wei-Chou Lin, Shih-Ming Liao, Shing-Hwa Liu, Kuo-How Huang. Trichostatin A overcomes chemotherapeutic resistance of urothelial carcinoma cells through the inactivation of c-Raf/ERK pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5878
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Kuo
- 1National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ju-Tong Hsieh
- 1National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chou Lin
- 3National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- 1National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- 1National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- 1National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Chao SC, Chen YJ, Huang KH, Kuo KL, Yang TH, Huang KY, Wang CC, Tang CH, Yang RS, Liu SH. Induction of sirtuin-1 signaling by resveratrol induces human chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3180. [PMID: 28600541 PMCID: PMC5466619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which is a member of sirtuin family, plays a dual role either in cancer promotion or suppression. There is no report about the role of SIRT1 in the human chondrosarcoma cells. Resveratrol is a potent activator of SIRT1. However, its effects on chondrosarcoma have not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the role of SIRT1 induction by resveratrol in human chondrosarcoma cell growth and tumor progression. Resveratrol significantly decreased cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The protein expression and activity of SIRT1 were activated after treatment with resveratrol. Resveratrol significantly inhibited NF-κB signaling by deacetylating the p65 subunit of NF-κB complex, which could be reversed by siRNA-SIRT1 transfection or deacetylation inhibitor MS-275. Resveratrol induced-apoptosis involved a caspase-3-mediated mechanism. Both siRNA-SIRT1 transfection and MS-275 significantly inhibited the resveratrol-induced caspase-3 cleavage and activity in human chondrosarcoma cells. Moreover, in vivo chondrosarcoma xenograft study revealed a dramatic reduction in tumor volume and the increased SIRT1 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions in tumors by resveratrol treatment. These results suggest that resveratrol induces chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis via a SIRT1-activated NF-κB deacetylation and exhibits anti-chondrosarcoma activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chuan Chao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yuan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Shih HT, Chen WY, Liu KY, Shih ZS, Chen YJ, Hsieh PC, Kuo KL, Huang KH, Hsu PH, Liu YW, Chan SP, Lee HH, Tsai YC, Wu JT. dBRWD3 Regulates Tissue Overgrowth and Ectopic Gene Expression Caused by Polycomb Group Mutations. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006262. [PMID: 27588417 PMCID: PMC5010193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain a particular cell fate, a unique set of genes should be expressed while another set is repressed. One way to repress gene expression is through Polycomb group (PcG) proteins that compact chromatin into a silent configuration. In addition to cell fate maintenance, PcG proteins also maintain normal cell physiology, for example cell cycle. In the absence of PcG, ectopic activation of the PcG-repressed genes leads to developmental defects and malignant tumors. Little is known about the molecular nature of ectopic gene expression; especially what differentiates expression of a given gene in the orthotopic tissue (orthotopic expression) and the ectopic expression of the same gene due to PcG mutations. Here we present that ectopic gene expression in PcG mutant cells specifically requires dBRWD3, a negative regulator of HIRA/Yemanuclein (YEM)-mediated histone variant H3.3 deposition. dBRWD3 mutations suppress both the ectopic gene expression and aberrant tissue overgrowth in PcG mutants through a YEM-dependent mechanism. Our findings identified dBRWD3 as a critical regulator that is uniquely required for ectopic gene expression and aberrant tissue overgrowth caused by PcG mutations. Genetic information is stored in our genomic DNA, and different cells retrieve distinct sets of information from our genome. While it is important to activate genomic regions encoding proteins that are essential for a given cell type, it is equally important to silence genomic regions encoding proteins that are potentially harmful to this type of cells. One of the gene silencing mechanisms frequently used during and after development is mediated by the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. If this guardian function does not perform correctly due to PcG mutations, genes that are normally silenced—such as oncogenes—are expressed aberrantly. Due to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of other PcG functions, PcG mutant cells often begin to display hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferating beyond control, acquiring stem-cell-like properties, and migrating to distant sites. If the transcriptional mechanisms underlying aberrant gene expression in PcG-mutant cancer cells differ from gene expression in normal cells, we may be able to selectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells without affecting their normal counterparts. Here we show that the difference between these two types of gene expression resides in their sensitivity to dBRWD3, a negative regulator of the deposition of histone H3 variant H3.3. Our results indicate that the inactivation of dBRWD3 or promotion of H3.3 deposition may selectively suppress ectopic gene expression and tumorigenesis driven by mutations in PcG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Tzu Shih
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwei-Yan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Siou Shih
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Peng Chan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsiang Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YCT); (JTW)
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YCT); (JTW)
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15
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Hsieh JT, Kuo KL, Liu SH, Shi CS, Chang HC, Lin WC, Chou CT, Hsu CH, Liao SM, Wang ZH, Li CC, Huang KH. Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction-induced Bladder Injury via Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-related Apoptosis-In Vivo Study. Urology 2016; 91:242.e1-9. [PMID: 26820120 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea extract, on partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO)-induced bladder injury in a rat model. METHODS The female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham or BOO procedures, and were divided into several groups (sham with saline injection, sham with EGCG treatment, BOO with saline injection, and BOO with EGCG treatment). The rats in each group were randomized into 2 groups (48 hours and 30 days after the BOO procedure) for when their bladders were harvested. EGCG (4.5 mg/kg/day) and saline were administered via intraperitoneal injection after the BOO procedure during the study period. Bladder tissue was examined for inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptotic markers by Western blot, and histological staining. RESULTS BOO induced acute bladder injury (hemorrhage, edema, and neutrophil infiltration) after 48 hours. In addition, cystometry showed a decrease in micturition pressure and intercontractile interval. We also observed increased expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at 48 hours, as well as ER stress markers such as caspase-12 and CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Treatment with EGCG significantly improved pBOO-induced histologic changes, bladder dysfunction, and the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2, CHOP, and caspase-12 at 48 hours. Similarly, EGCG treatment for 30 days effectively recovered compliance and intercontractile interval, submucosal ER stress-related apoptosis (CHOP and caspase-12) at 30 days after pBOO. CONCLUSIONS EGCG alleviate pBOO-induced bladder injury and dysfunction via suppression of inflammation and ER stress-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ton Hsieh
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tso Chou
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zuo-He Wang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Li
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Ho IL, Kuo KL, Liu SH, Chang HC, Hsieh JT, Wu JT, Chiang CK, Lin WC, Tsai YC, Chou CT, Hsu CH, Pu YS, Shi CS, Huang KH. MLN4924 Synergistically Enhances Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity via JNK and Bcl-xL Pathways in Human Urothelial Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16948. [PMID: 26592553 PMCID: PMC4655337 DOI: 10.1038/srep16948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma. However, the response rate is only 40–65%. This study investigated the anti-tumor effect and underlying mechanisms of the combination of cisplatin and the NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 in human bladder urothelial carcinoma. The combination of cisplatin and MLN4924 exerted synergistic cytotoxicity on two high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma cell lines, NTUB1 and T24 (combination index <1). MLN4924 also potentiated the cisplatin-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 and -7, phospho-histone H2A.X and PARP. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and a down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) were also observed during cisplatin and MLN4924 treatment. Inhibition of JNK activation partially restored cell viability and Bcl-xL expression. Bcl-xL overexpression also rescued cell viability. MLN4924 significantly potentiated cisplatin-induced tumor suppression in urothelial carcinoma xenograft mice. In summary, MLN4924 synergistically enhanced the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin via an increase in DNA damage, JNK activation and down-regulation of Bcl-xL in urothelial carcinoma cells. These findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Ho
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa- Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tso Chou
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Lin WC, Kuo KL, Shi CS, Wu JT, Hsieh JT, Chang HC, Liao SM, Chou CT, Chiang CK, Chiu WS, Chiu TY, Pu YS, Ho IL, Wang ZH, Chang SC, Liu SH, Jeng YM, Huang KH. MLN4924, a Novel NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity and enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human cervical carcinoma: in vitro and in vivo study. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:3350-3362. [PMID: 26807316 PMCID: PMC4697682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE), has been reported to have activity against various malignancies. Here, we investigated the antitumor properties of MLN4924 and MLN4924 in combination with cisplatin on human cervical carcinoma (CC) in vitro and in vivo. Two human CC cell lines, ME-180 and HeLa, were used in this study. The cytotoxic effects of MLN4924 and/or cisplatin were measured by cell viability (MTT), proliferation (BrdU incorporation), apoptosis (flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC labeling), and the expression of cell apoptosis-related proteins (Western blotting). In vivo efficacy was determined in Nu/Nu nude mice with ME-180 and HeLa xenografts. The results showed that MLN4924 elicited viability inhibition, anti-proliferation and apoptosis in human CC cells, accompanied by activations of apoptosis-related molecules and Bid, Bcl-2 phosphorylation interruption, and interference with cell cycle regulators. Moreover, MLN4924 caused an endoplasmic reticulum stress response (caspase-4, ATF-4 and CHOP activations) and expression of other cellular stress molecules (JNK and c-Jun activations). Additionally, MLN4924 suppressed growth of CC xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MLN4924 potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in CC cells with activation of caspases. Consistently with this, MLN4924 significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced growth inhibition of CC xenografts. Together, these findings suggest that MLN4924 alone or in combination with cisplatin is of value in treating human CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Sheng Shi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - June-Tai Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tso Chou
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shuo Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University School of DentistryTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Zuo-He Wang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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18
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Ho IL, Kuo KL, Chou CT, Hsu CH, Pu YS, Hsieh JT, Huang KH. Abstract 2525: MLN4924 synergistically enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via JNK and Bcl-xL pathways in human urothelial carcinoma - In vitro and in vivo study. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the main treatment for metastatic bladder urothelial carcinoma; however, the response rate is only approximately 40-65%. Many patients will encounter drug resistance to chemotherapy eventually. Therefore, combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin and to overcome drug resistance are imperative for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and underlying mechanisms for the combination of cisplatin and MLN4924, a NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, in human bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Materials & Methods
We used MTT assays and CalcuSyn software to calculate the combination index of cisplatin and MLN4924. The expression levels of DNA damage response regulators, apoptotic-related molecules, MAPK and Bcl-xL were revealed by western blot. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) and overexpression of Bcl-xL were used to investigate the relationship between JNK and Bcl-xL. The in vitro findings were further confirmed in vivo via xenograft mouse model.
Results
The combination of cisplatin and MLN4924 exerted synergistic cytotoxicity on two high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma cell lines, NTUB1 and T24 (combination index <1). In addition, MLN4924 potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis and activation of caspase-3, 7, phospho-histone H2A.X and PARP. We also observed c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation with down-regulation of Bcl-xL during cisplatin and MLN4924 treatment. The inhibition of JNK activation partially restored cell viability as well as the expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL); moreover, the overexpression of Bcl-xL rescued cell viability. In the in vivo study, MLN4924 significantly potentiated cisplatin-induced tumor suppression in urothelial carcinoma xenograft mice.
Conclusion
In summary, MLN4924 synergistically enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin through increasing DNA damage, JNK activation and down-regulating Bcl-xL in urothelial carcinoma cells. These findings provide a new therapeutiuc strategy for bladder cancer.
Citation Format: I-Lin Ho, Kuan-Lin Kuo, Chien-Tso Chou, Chen-Hsun Hsu, Yeong-Shiau Pu, Ju-Ton Hsieh, Kuo-How Huang. MLN4924 synergistically enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity via JNK and Bcl-xL pathways in human urothelial carcinoma - In vitro and in vivo study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2525
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Ho
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Rochau U, Kluibenschaedl M, Stenehjem D, Kuo KL, Oderda G, Brixner D, Siebert U. Decision Analysis on the Cost-Effectiveness of Sequential Treatment Strategies for Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the United States. Value Health 2014; 17:A639. [PMID: 27202283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Rochau
- UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology/ ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Hall in Tyrol/ Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Kluibenschaedl
- UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology/ ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Hall in Tyrol/ Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - K L Kuo
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G Oderda
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Brixner
- UMIT - University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology/ ONCOTYROL - Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine/ University of Utah, Hall in Tyrol/ Salt Lake City, UT, Austria
| | - U Siebert
- Medical Informatics and Technology, and Director of the Division for Health Technology Assessment and Bioinformatics, ONCOTYROL, Hall i. T, Austria
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20
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Kuo KL, Ho IL, Pu YS, Tsai YC, Shih TH, Huang KH. Abstract 3770: MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor, abolishes chemoresistance of bladder cancer stem-like cells through suppression of stemness. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) ranks fourth in incidence among cancers in men and eighth in women in the United States, however, the chemotherapy response rate is only about half. The cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are believed as the driving force of tumor progression, have related to chemoresistance. Here we present the finding of CSC-like cells from human UC cell line NTUB1, and investigate the effect of MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor on conquering chemoresistance in human UC.
Materials & methods:
The CSC-like cells were enriched from its parental cell line NTUB1 by cisplatin selection consecutively for at least one year. The properties of CSC-like cells were demonstrated by colony formation assay, side population assay, and cell viability assay. The expression levels of specific stemness-related markers, EMT-related markers and cell death-related molecules were revealed by western blot. The ability of migration was analyzed by wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The MLN4924-induced apoptosis on CSC-like cells were determined by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Gene knockdown was performed with gene-specific siRNA. The in vitro findings were further confirmed in vivo via xenograft mouse model.
Results:
The CSC-like cells exhibited multiple drug resistance, highly expression level of stemness markers as well as EMT markers, and highly mobility. The treatment of MLN4924 repressed the expression of stemness markers and EMT markers and reduced cell mobility; meanwhile, it caused significant cell death in CSC-like cells. The knockdown of stemness markers diminished the drug resistance of CSC-like cells. And in the end, MLN4924 significantly inhibit tumor growth in xenograft models bladder cancer stem-like cells.
Conclusion:
Our data suggested that the drug resistance in UC may conferred by CSC-like cells via up-regulation of stemness markers, and the treatment of MLN4924 could abolish drug resistance through repression of stemness markers. This could provide a new remedy for bladder cancer treatment.
Citation Format: Kuan-Lin Kuo, I-Lin Ho, Yeong-Shiau Pu, Yu-Chieh Tsai, Tsung-Hsien Shih, Kuo-How Huang. MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor, abolishes chemoresistance of bladder cancer stem-like cells through suppression of stemness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3770. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3770
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Kuo
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Ho
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Shih
- 2Chang-Gung University and Chiayi Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Huang KH, Pu YS, Tsai YC, Kuo KL, Ho IL, Hsieh JT, Shih TH. Abstract 1028: Anti-angiogenic activity of MLN4924 suppresses the growth of urothelial carcinoma via enhancing vascular normalization. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction:
Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), the cullin-scaffold RING-finger domain containing E3, needs Nedd8 modification, neddylation, for the complete E3 activity, which promote the ubiquitination of specific substrate's degradation and regulate numerous biological processes. MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor, was repoted to interfere in the neddylation of cullins and subsequently inactivate CRLs, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumors. Thus, we hereby present the detailed mechanism regarding the anti-angiogenesis of MLN4924 on suppressing the growth of urothelial carcinoma (UC) via inducing vascular normalization.
Materials & methods:
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the anti-angiogenic functions of MLN4924 in vitro, including WST-1 assay for evaluating proliferation, Transwell with or without Matrigel-coating for testing invasion and migration, gelatin zymography for assaying the matrix metalloproteinase activity, propidium iodide (PI) staining for investigating cell cycle progression, PI and annexin V co-staining for exploring cell death, Matrigel tube formation for examining angiogenic activity, and Western blotting for checking protein levels in cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-associated signaling pathways. Besides, Matrigel plug assay was used to studying angiogenesis in vivo, and UC xenograft model was applied to research the tumor growth and tumor vascularity.
Results:
Our results showed that MLN4924 suppressed HUVEC's proliferation, migration, invasion, MMP 2 activation, and angiogenic tube formation. MLN4924 decreased angiogenic receptor VEGFR 2 and Tie2 expressions and inhibited VEGFR 2, ERK1/2, STAT 1 and 3, and AKT phosphorylations. MLN4924 induced the G2/M cell cycle arrest, which increased p21 and p27 accumulations and p53 phosphorylation but diminished histone 3 phosphorylation. Additionally, MLN4924 enhanced PARP, caspase -3, and -7 cleavages, which caused apoptosis. Furthermore, MLN4924 inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel-plug assay and repressed UC growth. CD31 and α-SMA immuno-staining was used for revealing the tumor vascularity, which showed that the microvessel density had no significantly difference between MLN4924-treated tumors and control tumors. However, the higher maturation vasculatures were found in MLN4924-treated tumors than control tumors.
Conclusion:
Our data suggest that MLN4924 inhibits the angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells for enhancing tumor vascular normalization, which alleviates the hypoxic stress for slowing tumor growth. In addition, due to MLN4924 resulting in vascular normalization, MLN4924 may be able to synergize with conventional chemotherapies for treating UC. Therefore, exploring the function of MLN4924 in angiogenesis may result in a new perspective on targeting tumors and angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Kuo-How Huang, Yeong-Shiau Pu, Yu-Chieh Tsai, Kuan-Lin Kuo, I-Lin Ho, Ju-Ton Hsieh, Tsung-Hsien Shih. Anti-angiogenic activity of MLN4924 suppresses the growth of urothelial carcinoma via enhancing vascular normalization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1028. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1028
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-How Huang
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Ho
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ton Hsieh
- 1National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang KH, Kuo KL, Ho IL, Chang HC, Chuang YT, Lin WC, Lee PY, Chang SC, Chiang CK, Pu YS, Chou CT, Hsu CH, Liu SH. Celecoxib-induced cytotoxic effect is potentiated by inhibition of autophagy in human urothelial carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82034. [PMID: 24349176 PMCID: PMC3857231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, can elicit anti-tumor effects in various malignancies. Here, we sought to clarify the role of autophagy in celecoxib-induced cytotoxicity in human urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells. The results shows celecoxib induced cellular stress response such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, phosopho-SAPK/JNK, and phosopho-c-Jun as well as autophagosome formation in UC cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1 or ATG7 knockdown potentiated celecoxib-induced apoptosis. Up-regulation of autophagy by rapamycin or GFP-LC3B-transfection alleviated celecoxib-induced cytotoxicity in UC cells. Taken together, the inhibition of autophagy enhances therapeutic efficacy of celecoxib in UC cells, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-How Huang
- Graduate institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Chuang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Lee
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tso Chou
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Kuo KL, Lin WC, Ho IL, Chang HC, Lee PY, Chung YT, Hsieh JT, Pu YS, Shi CS, Huang KH. 2-methoxyestradiol induces mitotic arrest, apoptosis, and synergistic cytotoxicity with arsenic trioxide in human urothelial carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68703. [PMID: 23967052 PMCID: PMC3742604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous derivative of 17β-estradiol, has been reported to elicit antiproliferative responses in various tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of 2-ME on cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines. We used two high-grade human bladder UC cell lines (NTUB1 and T24). After treatment with 2-ME, the cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting), with annexin V-FITC staining and propidium iodide (PI) labeling. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Flow cytometry with PI labeling was used for the cell cycle analyses. The protein levels of caspase activations, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, phospho-histone H2A.X, phospho-Bad, and cell cycle regulatory molecules were measured by Western blot. The effects of the drug combinations were analyzed using the computer software, CalcuSyn. We demonstrated that 2-ME effectively induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human UC cells after 24 h exposure. DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, and caspase-3, 7, 8, 9 activations can be observed with 2-ME-induced apoptosis. The decreased phospho-Bad (Ser136 and Ser155) and mitotic arrest of the cell cycle in the process of apoptosis after 2-ME treatment was remarkable. In response to mitotic arrest, the mitotic forms of cdc25C, phospho-cdc2, cyclin B1, and phospho-histone H3 (Ser10) were activated. In combination with arsenic trioxide (As2O3), 2-ME elicited synergistic cytotoxicity (combination index <1) in UC cells. We concluded that 2-ME significantly induces apoptosis through decreased phospho-Bad and arrests bladder UC cells at the mitotic phase. The synergistic antitumor effect with As2O3 provides a novel implication in clinical treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Huang KH, Kuo KL, Chen SC, Weng TI, Chuang YT, Tsai YC, Pu YS, Chiang CK, Liu SH. Down-regulation of glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 potentiates cytotoxic effect of celecoxib in human urothelial carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33615. [PMID: 22438966 PMCID: PMC3306428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor that has been reported to elicit anti-proliferative response in various tumors. In this study, we aim to investigate the antitumor effect of celecoxib on urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells and the role endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays in celecoxib-induced cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The cell cycle progression and ER stress-associated molecules were examined by Western blot and flow cytometry. Moreover, the cytotoxic effects of celecoxib combined with glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78 knockdown (siRNA), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or MG132 were assessed. We demonstrated that celecoxib markedly reduces the cell viability and causes apoptosis in human UC cells through cell cycle G1 arrest. Celecoxib possessed the ability to activate ER stress-related chaperones (IRE-1α and GRP78), caspase-4, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), which were involved in UC cell apoptosis. Down-regulation of GRP78 by siRNA, co-treatment with EGCG (a GRP78 inhibitor) or with MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) could enhance celecoxib-induced apoptosis. We concluded that celecoxib induces cell cycle G1 arrest, ER stress, and eventually apoptosis in human UC cells. The down-regulation of ER chaperone GRP78 by siRNA, EGCG, or proteosome inhibitor potentiated the cytotoxicity of celecoxib in UC cells. These findings provide a new treatment strategy against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-How Huang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KHH); (SHL)
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyan Chen
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Weng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Chuang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KHH); (SHL)
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25
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Lin WC, Chen SC, Chuang YT, Kuo KL, Huang KH. Stathmin Immunoreactivity in Phaeochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Differential Expression Between Benign and Malignant Neoplasms. Asian J Surg 2011; 34:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s1015-9584(11)60013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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26
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Wu CC, Liu MT, Chang YT, Fang CY, Chou SP, Liao HW, Kuo KL, Hsu SL, Chen YR, Wang PW, Chen YL, Chuang HY, Lee CH, Chen M, Wayne Chang WS, Chen JY. Epstein-Barr virus DNase (BGLF5) induces genomic instability in human epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:1932-49. [PMID: 20034954 PMCID: PMC2847232 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) DNase (BGLF5) is an alkaline nuclease and has been suggested to be important in the viral life cycle. However, its effect on host cells remains unknown. Serological and histopathological studies implied that EBV DNase seems to be correlated with carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigate the effect of EBV DNase on epithelial cells. Here, we report that expression of EBV DNase induces increased formation of micronucleus, an indicator of genomic instability, in human epithelial cells. We also demonstrate, using γH2AX formation and comet assay, that EBV DNase induces DNA damage. Furthermore, using host cell reactivation assay, we find that EBV DNase expression repressed damaged DNA repair in various epithelial cells. Western blot and quantitative PCR analyses reveal that expression of repair-related genes is reduced significantly in cells expressing EBV DNase. Host shut-off mutants eliminate shut-off expression of repair genes and repress damaged DNA repair, suggesting that shut-off function of BGLF5 contributes to repression of DNA repair. In addition, EBV DNase caused chromosomal aberrations and increased the microsatellite instability (MSI) and frequency of genetic mutation in human epithelial cells. Together, we propose that EBV DNase induces genomic instability in epithelial cells, which may be through induction of DNA damage and also repression of DNA repair, subsequently increases MSI and genetic mutations, and may contribute consequently to the carcinogenesis of human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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27
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Abstract
Renal anemia is mainly caused by inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin from diseased kidneys. At the present time, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used to correct anemia successfully in most patients with end-stage renal diseases. Nevertheless, poor response to rHuEPO still exists in some hemodialysis patients and its mechanism in some cases remains obscure. Herein, we describe a rare case of rHuEPO hyporesponsiveness due to mechanical hemolysis induced by a traumatic carotid-jugular arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the presence of subclinical aluminum intoxication. Following surgical resection of the traumatic AVF and 8 months of desferrioxamine treatment, the responsiveness to rHuEPO was restored and the rHuEPO dose requirements reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taiwan
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29
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Abstract
This study presents a high-performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) method to analyze five constituents of Puerariae radix, an important crude herb used in Chinese medicine. Puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, genistein and biochanin A are the bioactive constituents of Puerariae radix. Herein, those analytes were successfully separated within 6 min using a pH 10.1 borax-NaOH buffer. The effects of pH value and concentration of the running buffer on the separation of the five analytes were also examined. The relative standard deviations of the analytes' migration times were less than 0.38% under the optimized separation conditions. Notably, the correlation coefficients of the analytes' linear calibration graphs exceeded 0.998. Moreover, the amounts of the five constituents in three different Puerariae radix samples were determined by the CE method with a relatively simple extraction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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30
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Abstract
This paper presents a rapid and reliable micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method to separate major prostaglandins and thromboxane B2. The running buffer was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effects of the SDS concentration on the migration behavior of analytes was also examined. Moreover, the influences of electrolyte concentration and capillary temperature on the separation were investigated. In optimum conditions, seven major prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 could be separated within 8 min. The relative standard deviations of the migration times (reproducibility) of the analytes were less than 0.82%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Z Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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