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Tan HY, Chen AG, Chen Q, Browne LB, Verchinski B, Kolachana B, Zhang F, Apud J, Callicott JH, Mattay VS, Weinberger DR. Epistatic interactions of AKT1 on human medial temporal lobe biology and pharmacogenetic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1007-16. [PMID: 21788944 PMCID: PMC3449232 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AKT1 controls important processes in medial temporal lobe (MTL) development and plasticity, but the impact of human genetic variation in AKT1 on these processes is not known in healthy or disease states. Here, we report that an AKT1 variant (rs1130233) previously associated with AKT1 protein expression, prefrontal function and schizophrenia, affects human MTL structure and memory function. Further, supporting AKT1's role in transducing hippocampal neuroplasticity and dopaminergic processes, we found epistasis with functional polymorphisms in BDNF and COMT--genes also implicated in MTL biology related to AKT1. Consistent with prior predictions that these biologic processes relate to schizophrenia, we found epistasis between the same AKT1, BDNF and COMT functional variants on schizophrenia risk, and pharmacogenetic interactions of AKT1 with the effects on cognition and brain volume measures by AKT1 activators in common clinical use--lithium and sodium valproate. Our findings suggest that AKT1 affects risk for schizophrenia and accompanying cognitive deficits, at least in part through specific genetic interactions related to brain neuroplasticity and development, and that these AKT1 effects may be pharmacologically modulated in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tan
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A G Chen
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Q Chen
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L B Browne
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Verchinski
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Kolachana
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Zhang
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Apud
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J H Callicott
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V S Mattay
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Browne LB, Chen Q, Prust MJ, Nixon DC, Weinberger DR, Callicott JH, Tan HY. Event-Related fMRI Study of Prefrontal-Hippocampal Dysregulation in Schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Browne LB, van Gerwen AC. Preliminary evaluation of 1,1-Bis (4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane as an oviposition deterrent for the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina, and development of methods for evaluating oviposition deterrents against sheep blowfly. Aust Vet J 1982; 59:165-9. [PMID: 7168716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb15996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1,1-Bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-nitropropane (GH74) was evaluated as an oviposition deterrent for the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. In several test situations, flies laid only very few egg masses on fleece to which 0.5% GH74 had been applied, and which had been exposed in the field for up to 6 months. However, a significant number of egg masses were laid on the breech of severely scouring sheep when tested several weeks after application of GH74 at the same concentration. Procedures for evaluating oviposition deterrents against sheep blowfly are discussed.
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Abstract
Blood and extracts of gut of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, powerfully stimulate contractions of the isolated rat uterus. The contractions are characterized by long latency and a prolonged relaxation phase having superimposed rhythmic contractions. Evidence indicates that the stimulating factor is not acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, or substance P. The active factor is heat labile and nondialyzable.
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