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Paranjape V, Berghaus L, Cathcart J, Giancola S, Craig H, James C, Saksena S, Reed R. Evaluation of physical examination and thermal nociceptive threshold testing during placement of transdermal buprenorphine patch in healthy adult horses. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Huber L, Giguère S, Cohen ND, Slovis NM, Berghaus L, Greiter M, Hart KA. Corrigendum to "Identification of macrolide- and rifampicin-resistant Rhodococcus equi in environmental samples from equine breeding farms in central Kentucky during 2018" [Vet. Microbiol. 232 (2019) 74-78]. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108530. [PMID: 31810598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Huber
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - N M Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Greiter
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Schubert-Bast S, Berghaus L, Filmann N, Freiman T, Strzelczyk A, Kieslich M. Risk and risk factors for epilepsy in shunt-treated children with hydrocephalus. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2019; 23:819-826. [PMID: 31563496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Epilepsy is a major comorbidity in children with hydrocephalus (HC) and has a serious impact on their developmental outcomes. There are variable influencing factors, thus the individual risk for developing epilepsy remains unclear. Our aim was to analyse risk factors for developing epilepsy in children with shunted HC. METHODS A retrospective, single-centre analysis of 361 patients with the diagnosis of HC was performed. Age at HC diagnosis, shunt treatment, development of epilepsy, epilepsy course, and the aetiology of HC were considered. The influence of shunt therapy, including its revisions and complications, on the development of epilepsy was investigated. RESULTS One-hundred forty-three patients with HC (n = 361) had a diagnosis of epilepsy (39.6%). The median age at the first manifestation of epilepsy was 300 days (range:1-6791; Q1:30, Q3: 1493). The probability of developing epilepsy after HC decreases with increasing age. The most significant influence on the development of epilepsy is that of the HC itself and its underlying aetiology (HR 5.9; 95%-CI [3-10.5]; p < 0.001). Among those, brain haemorrhage is associated with the highest risk for epilepsy (HR 7.9; 95%-CI [4.2-14.7]; p < 0.01), while shunt insertion has a lower influence (HR 1.5; 95%-CI [0.99; 2.38]; p = 0.06). The probability of epilepsy increases stepwise per shunt revision (HR 2.0; p = 0.03 after 3 or more revisions). Five hundred days after the development of HC, 20% of the children had a diagnosis of epilepsy. Shunt implantation at a younger age has no significant influence on the development of epilepsy nor does sex. CONCLUSION Children with HC are at high risk for developing epilepsy. The development of epilepsy is correlated mainly with HC's underlying aetiology. The highest risk factor for the development of epilepsy seems to be brain haemorrhage. The age at shunt implantation appears to be unrelated to the development of epilepsy, while structural brain damage at a young age, shunt revisions and complications are independent risk factors. The onset of epilepsy is most likely to take place within the first 500 days after the diagnosis of HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schubert-Bast
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - L Berghaus
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Filmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, Department of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Freiman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kieslich
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Huber L, Giguère S, Cohen ND, Slovis NM, Berghaus L, Greiter M, Hart KA. Identification of macrolide- and rifampicin-resistant Rhodococcus equi in environmental samples from equine breeding farms in central Kentucky during 2018. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:74-78. [PMID: 31030848 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in foals and is most often recognized in people as an opportunistic pathogen. Longitudinal studies examining antimicrobial-resistant R. equi from environmental samples are lacking. We hypothesized that antimicrobial-resistant R. equi would be detectable in the ground (pasture soil or stall bedding) and air at breeding farms with previous documentation of foals infected with resistant isolates, and that concentrations of resistant isolates would increase over time during the foaling season. In this prospective cohort study, ground and air samples were collected from stalls and paddocks in January, March, May and July of 2018 at 10 horse-breeding farms with history of foal pneumonia attributed to macrolide- or Rifampicin-resistant R. equi. Environmental samples were cultured in the presence and absence of macrolides and Rifampicin to select for resistant organisms. Data were analyzed with linear mixed-effects and Hurdle models. Concentrations of total R. equi in bedding or air of stalls were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in January than other months. The proportion of resistant R. equi in soil samples from paddocks was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than stall bedding during all months. For each month, air samples from paddocks had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher proportion of resistant isolates than those from stalls. Fifty-five percent of resistant soil isolates and 34% of resistant air isolates were considered virulent by identification of the vapA gene. Concentrations of resistant R. equi isolates did not increase over time during the foaling season. Antimicrobial-resistant R. equi can persist in the environment at farms with a history of pneumonia caused by resistant R. equi infections, and exposure to resistant isolates in paddocks and stalls appears stable during the foaling season. Resistant isolates in the environment not only pose a risk for disease but also can serve as a repository for dissemination of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huber
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S Giguère
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - N D Cohen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - N M Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - L Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Greiter
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Doyle D, Credille B, Lehenbauer TW, Berghaus R, Aly SS, Champagne J, Blanchard P, Crossley B, Berghaus L, Cochran S, Woolums A. Agreement Among 4 Sampling Methods to Identify Respiratory Pathogens in Dairy Calves with Acute Bovine Respiratory Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:954-959. [PMID: 28295570 PMCID: PMC5434980 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Four sampling techniques commonly are used for antemortem identification of pathogens from cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD): the nasal swab (NS), guarded nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and transtracheal wash (TTW). Agreement among these methods has not been well characterized. Objective To evaluate agreement among TTW and NS, NPS, or BAL for identification of viral and bacterial pathogens in dairy calves with BRD. Animals One hundred dairy calves with naturally acquired BRD. Methods Calves were sampled by all 4 methods. Viral agents were identified by real‐time RT‐PCR, bacteria were identified by aerobic culture, and Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) isolates were speciated by PCR. Agreement among TTW and NS, NPS, or BAL was evaluated by calculating the kappa statistic and percent positive agreement. McNemar's exact test was used to compare the proportions of positive results. Results Agreement among TTW and NS, TTW and NPS, and TTW and BAL, was very good for identification of P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and M. bovis. For bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), agreement with TTW was moderate for NS, good for NPS, and very good for BAL. For bovine coronavirus (BCV), agreement with TTW was moderate for NS and NPS, and good for BAL. McNemar's test was significant only for BCV, indicating that for this pathogen the proportion of positive results from NS and NPS could not be considered comparable to TTW. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study provides guidance for veterinarians selecting diagnostic tests for antemortem identification of pathogens associated with BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doyle
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - B Credille
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - T W Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA
| | - R Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - S S Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA
| | - J Champagne
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA
| | - P Blanchard
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - B Crossley
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - L Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - S Cochran
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - A Woolums
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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