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Arrazola JM, Bergholm V, Brádler K, Bromley TR, Collins MJ, Dhand I, Fumagalli A, Gerrits T, Goussev A, Helt LG, Hundal J, Isacsson T, Israel RB, Izaac J, Jahangiri S, Janik R, Killoran N, Kumar SP, Lavoie J, Lita AE, Mahler DH, Menotti M, Morrison B, Nam SW, Neuhaus L, Qi HY, Quesada N, Repingon A, Sabapathy KK, Schuld M, Su D, Swinarton J, Száva A, Tan K, Tan P, Vaidya VD, Vernon Z, Zabaneh Z, Zhang Y. Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip. Nature 2021; 591:54-60. [PMID: 33658692 PMCID: PMC11008968 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms1,2. Present-day photonic quantum computers3-7 have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware-software system for executing many-photon quantum circuit operations using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. The system enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms that require up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Detection of multi-photon events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous programmable quantum optical demonstration is made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra and graph similarity8. These demonstrations validate the platform as a launchpad for scaling photonic technologies for quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - I Dhand
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Hundal
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - J Izaac
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R Janik
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - H Y Qi
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - M Schuld
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Su
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - A Száva
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Vaidya VD, Morrison B, Helt LG, Shahrokshahi R, Mahler DH, Collins MJ, Tan K, Lavoie J, Repingon A, Menotti M, Quesada N, Pooser RC, Lita AE, Gerrits T, Nam SW, Vernon Z. Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/39/eaba9186. [PMID: 32967824 PMCID: PMC7531882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g (2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - R C Pooser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada.
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3
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Introini V, Steel MJ, Sipe JE, Helt LG, Liscidini M. Spontaneous parametric down conversion in a doubly resonant one-dimensional photonic crystal. Opt Lett 2020; 45:1244-1247. [PMID: 32108816 DOI: 10.1364/ol.385741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in a one-dimensional photonic crystal designed to operate in a doubly resonant configuration, where the frequencies of the pump and the generated photons are both tuned to band-edge resonances. We investigate the spectral correlations of the generated photons as a function of the spectral width of the pump, and demonstrate that the SPDC generation rate can scale with the fifth power of the structure length in the limit of a quasi-continuous-wave pump. We show that such an unusual scaling can be simply connected with the scaling of second-harmonic generation in the same structure, illustrating the general link between spontaneous and stimulated parametric nonlinear processes.
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4
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Abstract
In this work, we introduce an elastic analog of the Purcell effect and show theoretically that spherical nanoparticles can serve as tunable and robust antennas for modifying the emission from localized elastic sources. This effect can be qualitatively described by introducing elastic counterparts of the familiar electromagnetic parameters: local density of elastic states, elastic Purcell factor, and effective volume of elastic modes. To illustrate our framework, we consider the example of a submicron gold sphere as a generic elastic GHz antenna and find that shear and mixed modes of low orders in such systems offer considerable elastic Purcell factors. This formalism opens pathways towards extended control over dissipation of vibrations in various optomechanical systems and contributes to closing the gap between classical and quantum-mechanical treatments of phonons localized in elastic nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj K Schmidt
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- Macquarie University Research Centre in Quantum Science and Technology (QSciTech), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - L G Helt
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher G Poulton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - M J Steel
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Australia
- Macquarie University Research Centre in Quantum Science and Technology (QSciTech), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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5
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Helt LG, Steel MJ. Effect of dark counts on single-photon heralding with quasi-number-resolving detection schemes. Opt Lett 2017; 42:4792-4795. [PMID: 29216111 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We consider photon heralding with quasi-number-resolving detection schemes and account for detection efficiencies and dark count probabilities. With a straightforward formalism, we develop closed-form expressions for the heralding probability, photon number distribution of the resulting heralded state, and fidelity of this heralded state to a single-photon state. We calculate that this fidelity has a maximum as a function of the number of multiplexed detection modes and that, for experimental configurations in which the maximum is reached for quite a large number of detection modes, it can still be highly beneficial to multiplex fewer modes.
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6
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Helt LG, Brańczyk AM, Liscidini M, Steel MJ. Parasitic Photon-Pair Suppression via Photonic Stop-Band Engineering. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:073603. [PMID: 28256861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.073603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We calculate that an appropriate modification of the field associated with only one of the photons of a photon pair can suppress generation of the pair entirely. From this general result, we develop a method for suppressing the generation of undesired photon pairs utilizing photonic stop bands. For a third-order nonlinear optical source of frequency-degenerate photons, we calculate the modified frequency spectrum (joint spectral intensity) and show a significant increase in a standard metric, the coincidence to accidental ratio. These results open a new avenue for photon-pair frequency correlation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Helt
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Agata M Brańczyk
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università delgi Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - M J Steel
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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7
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Jizan I, Bell B, Helt LG, Bedoya AC, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Phase-sensitive tomography of the joint spectral amplitude of photon pair sources. Opt Lett 2016; 41:4803-4806. [PMID: 28005897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel measurement technique to perform full phase-sensitive tomography on the joint spectrum of photon pair sources, using stimulated four-wave mixing and phase-sensitive amplification. Applying this method to an integrated silicon nanowire source with a frequency chirped pump laser, we are able to observe a corresponding phase change in the spectral amplitude that would otherwise be hidden in standard intensity measurements. With a highly nonlinear fiber source, we show that phase-sensitive measurements have superior sensitivity to small spectral features when compared to intensity measurements. This technique enables more complete characterization of photon pair sources based on nonlinear photonics.
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8
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Tambasco JL, Boes A, Helt LG, Steel MJ, Mitchell A. Domain engineering algorithm for practical and effective photon sources. Opt Express 2016; 24:19616-19626. [PMID: 27557240 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a method for shaping the spectral response of nonlinear light sources by tailoring the quasi-phase matching. Our algorithm relies on engineering the poling to accurately trace a generated target signal field amplitude to determine the desired nonlinearity profile. The proposed poling algorithm results in a poling pattern that is more robust to manufacture, as all domain inversions are of equal width. The poling pattern is verified using a nonlinear beam propagation method simulation. This approach is applied to achieve Gaussian-shaped phase matching along a potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal in order to generate pure heralded single photons of spectral purity ~0.996-this is highly desirable for heralded single photon quantum optics.
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9
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Liscidini M, Sipe JE, Helt LG. Continuous wave photon pair generation in silicon-on-insultator waveguides and ring resonators and erratum: comment. Opt Express 2016; 24:9130-9131. [PMID: 27137340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We consider the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing in ring resonators, as described by Clemmen et al. in Opt. Express17, 16558 (2009). We show that the theoretical limit predicted for the generation rate in their Erratum-Opt. Express 18, 14107 (2010)-is far too large due to an incorrect definition of a field enhancement factor.
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10
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Tischler N, Büse A, Helt LG, Juan ML, Piro N, Ghosh J, Steel MJ, Molina-Terriza G. Measurement and Shaping of Biphoton Spectral Wave Functions. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:193602. [PMID: 26588380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a simple method to reconstruct the complex spectral wave function of a biphoton, and hence gain complete information about the spectral and temporal properties of a photon pair. The technique, which relies on quantum interference, is applicable to biphoton states produced with a monochromatic pump when a shift of the pump frequency produces a shift in the relative frequencies contributing to the biphoton. We demonstrate an example of such a situation in type-II parametric down conversion allowing arbitrary paraxial spatial pump and detection modes. Moreover, our test cases demonstrate the possibility to shape the spectral wave function. This is achieved by choosing the spatial mode of the pump and of the detection modes, and takes advantage of spatiotemporal correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tischler
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - A Büse
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - L G Helt
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - M L Juan
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - N Piro
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 110016 New Delhi, India
| | - M J Steel
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - G Molina-Terriza
- MQ Photonics Research Centre, QSciTech, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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11
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Chaboyer Z, Meany T, Helt LG, Withford MJ, Steel MJ. Tunable quantum interference in a 3D integrated circuit. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9601. [PMID: 25915830 PMCID: PMC5386201 DOI: 10.1038/srep09601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated photonics promises solutions to questions of stability, complexity, and size in quantum optics. Advances in tunable and non-planar integrated platforms, such as laser-inscribed photonics, continue to bring the realisation of quantum advantages in computation and metrology ever closer, perhaps most easily seen in multi-path interferometry. Here we demonstrate control of two-photon interference in a chip-scale 3D multi-path interferometer, showing a reduced periodicity and enhanced visibility compared to single photon measurements. Observed non-classical visibilities are widely tunable, and explained well by theoretical predictions based on classical measurements. With these predictions we extract Fisher information approaching a theoretical maximum. Our results open a path to quantum enhanced phase measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Chaboyer
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Thomas Meany
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - L. G. Helt
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Michael J. Withford
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - M. J. Steel
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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12
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Helt LG, Steel MJ. Effect of scattering loss on connections between classical and quantum processes in second-order nonlinear waveguides. Opt Lett 2015; 40:1460-3. [PMID: 25831359 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that a useful connection exists between spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) and sum frequency generation in nonlinear optical waveguides with arbitrary scattering loss, while the same does not hold true for SPDC and difference frequency generation. This result refines the relationship between these quantum and classical second-order nonlinear optical processes in waveguides, and identifies the most accurate characterization of a waveguide's quantum performance in the presence of loss based solely on classical measurements.
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13
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Zhu EY, Tang Z, Qian L, Helt LG, Liscidini M, Sipe JE, Corbari C, Canagasabey A, Ibsen M, Kazansky PG. Poled-fiber source of broadband polarization-entangled photon pairs. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4397-4400. [PMID: 24177103 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate broadband polarization-entangled photon pair generation in a poled fiber phase matched for Type II downconversion in the 1.5 μm telecom band. Even with signal-idler separation greater than 100 nm, we observe fringe visibilities greater than 97% and tangle greater than 0.8. A Hong-Ou-Mandel interference experiment is also used to experimentally confirm the broadband nature of the entanglement.
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14
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Helt LG, Sipe JE, Liscidini M. Super spontaneous four-wave mixing in single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonator structures. Opt Lett 2012; 37:4431-4433. [PMID: 23114319 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We consider spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a single-channel side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators within a fully quantum formalism. We show that the probability of photon pair production can scale quadratically with the number of resonators, a phenomenon we call super SFWM, in analogy with super-radiant spontaneous emission. Remarkably, in this situation the spectral probability density of the generated photons is independent of the number of rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Helt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Azzini S, Grassani D, Galli M, Andreani LC, Sorel M, Strain MJ, Helt LG, Sipe JE, Liscidini M, Bajoni D. From classical four-wave mixing to parametric fluorescence in silicon microring resonators. Opt Lett 2012; 37:3807-3809. [PMID: 23041866 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four-wave mixing (FWM) can be either stimulated or occur spontaneously. The first process is intrinsically much stronger and well understood through classical nonlinear optics. The latter, also known as parametric fluorescence, can be explained only in the framework of a quantum theory of light. We experimentally demonstrated that, in a microring resonator, there is a simple relation between the efficiencies of these two processes that is independent of the nonlinearity and ring size. In particular, we have shown the average power generated by parametric fluorescence can be immediately estimated from a classical FWM experiment. These results suggest that classical nonlinear characterization of a photonic integrated structure can provide accurate information on its nonlinear quantum properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Azzini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Zhukovsky SV, Kang D, Abolghasem P, Helt LG, Sipe JE, Helmy AS. Proposal for on-chip generation and control of photon hyperentanglement. Opt Lett 2011; 36:3548-3550. [PMID: 21931386 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An on-chip waveguide-based source of entangled photons capable of switching between generating time-energy entangled and hyperentangled (entangled in both time energy and polarization) photon pairs is proposed. The switching can be done all-optically by rotating the pump polarization. The source is based on multichannel phase matching in Bragg reflection waveguides achieved by engineering the Fresnel reflection of photonic bandgap claddings for differently polarized modes. Analytical results are confirmed in fully vectorial numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Zhukovsky
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Abstract
We consider spontaneous four-wave mixing in a microring resonator, presenting photon-pair generation rates and biphoton wave functions. We show how generation rates can be simply predicted from the performance of the device in the classical regime and that a wide variety of biphoton wave functions can be achieved by varying the pump pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Helt
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.
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18
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Xiong C, Helt LG, Judge AC, Marshall GD, Steel MJ, Sipe JE, Eggleton BJ. Quantum-correlated photon pair generation in chalcogenide As2S3 waveguides. Opt Express 2010; 18:16206-16216. [PMID: 20721006 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.016206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the generation of quantum-correlated photon pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing in chalcogenide As(2)S(3) waveguides. For reasonable pump power levels, we show that such photonic-chip-based photon-pair sources can exhibit high brightness (approximately 1 x 10(9) pairs/s) and high correlation (approximately 100) if the waveguide length is chosen properly or the waveguide dispersion is engineered. Such a high correlation is possible in the presence of Raman scattering because the Raman profile exhibits a low gain window at a Stokes shift of 7.4 THz, though it is constrained due to multi-pair generation. As the proposed scheme is based on photonic chip technologies, it has the potential to become an integrated platform for the implementation of on-chip quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute for Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Zhu EY, Qian L, Helt LG, Liscidini M, Sipe JE, Corbari C, Canagasabey A, Ibsen M, Kazansky PG. Measurement of chi((2)) symmetry in a poled fiber. Opt Lett 2010; 35:1530-2. [PMID: 20479798 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We measure the values of individual chi((2)) tensor components in a birefringent periodically poled silica fiber through spectrally separated type I and type II second-harmonic generation. We demonstrate that the chi((2)) tensor symmetry is consistent with that of chi((3)) in silica and thereby provide experimental evidence that this chi((2)) originates from a chi((3)) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Zhu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
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20
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Helt LG, Zhu EY, Liscidini M, Qian L, Sipe JE. Proposal for in-fiber generation of telecom-band polarization-entangled photon pairs using a periodically poled fiber. Opt Lett 2009; 34:2138-2140. [PMID: 19823527 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We treat spontaneous parametric downconversion in a periodically poled fiber, quasi-phase matched to allow for the generation of photon pairs at wavelengths within the low-loss telecommunications window. For an appropriate pump polarization, the unusual properties of such a fiber's effective chi(2) result in a biphoton wave function that is symmetric upon simultaneous exchange of downconverted photon frequencies and polarizations and that is nonzero over a wide range of downconverted frequencies. This could lead to a significant technical simplification of sources of in-fiber telecom-band polarization-entangled photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Helt
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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