1
|
Muchesa P, Lelfels M, Jurzik L, Barnard TG, Bartle C. Detection of amoeba-associated Legionella pneumophila in hospital water networks of Johannesburg. S Afr J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v33i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of free-living amoeba and associated Legionella spp. in hospital water systems may pose a risk of Legionnaires’ disease to immuno-compromised patients. This study investigated the occurrence of amoeba-associated Legionella pneumophila in three South African hospital water systems. A total of 98 water and/or biofilm samples were collected from the sterilisation unit, theatres, neonatal ward and intensive care units. Amoebae were isolated from 71 (72.4%) samples. Isolated amoebae were analysed using qPCR and culture methods to test for the presence of Legionella. L. pneumophila did not grow on selective media in any of the samples. A total of 7 out of the 71 (9.9%) amoeba-positive samples showed a positive reaction for L. pneumophila using qPCR. Although relatively few samples were positive for Legionella in this preliminary study, the association with amoeba still presents a potential public health risk to immuno-compromised patients when exposed to contaminated water.
Collapse
|
2
|
Muchesa P, Leifels M, Jurzik L, Barnard TG, Bartie C. Detection of amoeba-associated Legionella pneumophilain hospital water networks of Johannesburg. S Afr J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23120053.2018.1434060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Muchesa
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - M Leifels
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - L Jurzik
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum, Germany
| | - TG Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - C Bartie
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leifels M, Jurzik L. Mikrobiologische Risikobewertung (QMRA) – eine Strategie zur Bewertung der mikrobiologischen Gewässerqualität. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Leifels
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Abteilung für Hygiene, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Jurzik
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Abteilung für Hygiene, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muchesa P, Leifels M, Jurzik L, Hoorzook KB, Barnard TG, Bartie C. Coexistence of free-living amoebae and bacteria in selected South African hospital water distribution systems. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:155-165. [PMID: 27730363 PMCID: PMC7088035 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA), such as Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba species isolated from aquatic environments have been implicated in central nervous system, eye and skin human infections. They also allow the survival, growth and transmission of bacteria such as Legionella, Mycobacteria and Vibrio species in water systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the co-occurrence of potentially pathogenic FLA and their associated bacteria in hospital water networks in Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 178 water (n = 95) and swab (n = 83) samples were collected from two hospital water distribution systems. FLA were isolated using the amoebal enrichment technique and identified using PCR and 18S rDNA sequencing. Amoebae potentially containing intra-amoebal bacteria were lysed and cultured on blood agar plates. Bacterial isolates were characterized using the VITEK®2 compact System. Free-living amoebae were isolated from 77 (43.3 %) of the samples. Using microscopy, PCR and 18S rRNA sequencing, Acanthamoeba spp. (T3 and T20 genotypes), Vermamoeba vermiformis and Naegleria gruberi specie were identified. The Acanthamoeba T3 and T20 genotypes have been implicated in eye and central nervous system infections. The most commonly detected bacterial species were Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Delftia acidovorans, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Comamonas testosteroni. These nosocomial pathogenic bacteria are associated with systematic blood, respiratory tract, the urinary tract, surgical wounds and soft tissues infections. The detection of FLA and their associated opportunistic bacteria in the hospital water systems point out to a potential health risk to immune-compromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Muchesa
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - M Leifels
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Jurzik
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - K B Hoorzook
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - T G Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - C Bartie
- Water and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wiest R, Jurzik L, Herold T, Straub RH, Schölmerich J. Role of NPY for vasoregulation in the splanchnic circulation during portal hypertension. Peptides 2007; 28:396-404. [PMID: 17194504 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction in the splanchnic circulation during portal hypertension is characterized by enhanced NO-mediated vasorelaxation and vascular hyporeactivity to norepinephrine that lead to arterial vasodilation. NPY most likely counteracts both of these key features. Firstly, NPY appears to inhibit Ach- and PNS-induced vasorelaxation in mesenteric arteries. This effect is more pronounced in portal hypertensive rats as compared to control, and most likely reflects the inhibition of increased e- and nNOS-derived NO-synthesis during portal hypertensive conditions. Secondly, NPY sensitizes the mesenteric vasculature to alpha(1)-adrenergic vasoconstriction. Most importantly, in portal hypertensive rats but not in sham rats NPY markedly augments vascular contractility and thereby corrects vascular hyporeactivity. Both actions of NPY increase vascular tone and may well act synergistically in the splanchnic circulation during portal hypertension. Moreover, the vasoconstrictive effects of NPY are most pronounced at particularly high levels of alpha(1)-adrenergic activity. Therefore, it appears that NPY becomes increasingly important for optimizing adrenergic vasoconstriction at particularly high adrenergic drive and also for playing a predominant role for vascular homeostasis. Cirrhotic patients present with elevated circulating plasma levels of NPY, which appears to be independent from the severity of liver dysfunction and to correlate with portal pressure. This finding indicates enhanced NPY release during portal hypertension that may represent a compensatory mechanism aimed at counterbalancing arterial vasodilation by restoring the efficacy of endogenous catecholamines and inhibiting vasodilative drive in the splanchnic circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Wiest
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital, Regensburg 93042, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moleda L, Jurzik L, Froh M, Gäbele E, Hellerbrand C, Mühlbauer M, Schnabl B, Schölmerich J, Straub; RH, Wiest R. Verstärkte vasokonstriktive Wirkung von Neuropeptid Y (NPy) im mesenterialen Gefäßbett bei portaler Hypertension. Z Gastroenterol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-921817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|