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Giannoudis A, Clarke K, Zakaria R, Vareslija D, Farahani M, Rainbow L, Platt-Higgins A, Ruthven S, Brougham K, Rudland PS, Jenkinson MD, Young L, Falciani F, Palmieri C. Abstract P6-05-02: Identification of microRNAs differentially expressed in brain metastasis secondary to breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-05-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Despite sequential improvements in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer (BC), recurrence and metastasis remains a major clinical problem and in particular, brain metastasis (BCBM). A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to the metastatic process in BC, but to date there is limited work on the microRNAs involved in BCBM. The current study aim to identify differentially expressed miRNAs within primary breast cancer who did not recur (BCNR) versus primary BC cases which did recur (BCR) and their matched BCBM cases.
Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material was collected of 12 primary BCNRs from the Liverpool tissue bank and of 40 paired primary BCR samples and their matched BCBM from the Walton Research Tissue Bank and RCSI National Breast Cancer Bioresource. miRNA was extracted (Qiagen miRNeasy FFPE kit) and profiled using the NanoString™ nCounter™ miRNA Expression Assay (Human v3 miRNA). The differentially expressed miRNAs between BCNR versus BCR and BCR versus their matched BCBM were identified by significance of microarray analysis (SAM) on the MeV4.9 software. Pathway analysis was performed using the DIANA-mirPath v3.0 software and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify a network of genes/pathways regulated by the differentially expressed miRNAs.
Results: 12 BCNR and 30 matched pairs of BCR and BCBM passed the quality control and normalisation processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on 166 miRNAs after QC/normalisation clearly distinguishes the BCNR and the primary BCR from the matched BCBM cases, whereas SAM revealed 58 differentially expressed miRNAs with a 10% FDR (false discovery rate) and an absolute log2 fold-change (FC) >1 between BCNR and BCR and 11 between the matched BCs and BCBMs. Pathway clustering revealed that these differentially expressed miRNAs (10% FDR, log2FC>1) within both BCNR vs BCR and BCR vs BCBM cohorts are highly enriched for genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions, proteoglycans, adherens junctions, TGF-β, p53 and Hippo signalling. IPA identified a network of genes, implicated in the processes of breast cancer invasion and metastasis, regulated by the identified miRNAs, such as, TWIST, MET, TP53, MYC, EZH2, ZEB1, TAGLN and BIRC5. Four of the significantly differentially expressed miRNAs, hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p were present within both cohorts (BCNR vs BCR and BCR vs BCBM) and regulate genes involved in Hippo and TGF-β signalling (DIANA-mirPath v3.0 analysis: p=5.23x10-08 and p=2.67x10-07 respectively).
Conclusion: The current study, utilising a large cohort of paired BCR and BCBM cases, provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms and role of miRNAs in BCBM. Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-132-3p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-155-5p) in particular could be potentially used to identify patients with increased risk of developing brain metastasis and help facilitate the development of specific treatments for BCBM, which to date have proved elusive. The miRNAs identified require further exploration as potential biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets.
Citation Format: Giannoudis A, Clarke K, Zakaria R, Vareslija D, Farahani M, Rainbow L, Platt-Higgins A, Ruthven S, Brougham K, Rudland PS, Jenkinson MD, Young L, Falciani F, Palmieri C. Identification of microRNAs differentially expressed in brain metastasis secondary to breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-05-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giannoudis
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - K Clarke
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - R Zakaria
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - D Vareslija
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - M Farahani
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - L Rainbow
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - A Platt-Higgins
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - S Ruthven
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - K Brougham
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - PS Rudland
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - MD Jenkinson
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - L Young
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - F Falciani
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - C Palmieri
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; RCSI Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
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Rainbow L, Platt GM, Simpson GR, Sarid R, Gao SJ, Stoiber H, Herrington CS, Moore PS, Schulz TF. The 222- to 234-kilodalton latent nuclear protein (LNA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) is encoded by orf73 and is a component of the latency-associated nuclear antigen. J Virol 1997; 71:5915-21. [PMID: 9223481 PMCID: PMC191847 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.8.5915-5921.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8) is the likely cause of KS and primary effusion lymphomas or body cavity-based lymphomas (BCBLs). A latency-associated nuclear immunofluorescence antigen (LANA) (D. H. Kedes, E. Operskalski, M. Busch, R. Kohn, J. Flood, and D. Ganem, Nat. Med. 2:918-924, 1996; S. J. Gao, L. Kingsley, M. Li, W. Zheng, C. Parravicini, J. Ziegler, R. Newton, C. R. Rinaldo, A. Saah, J. Phair, R. Detels, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore, Nat. Med. 2:925-928, 1996) and a 222- to 234-kDa nuclear protein (LNA) (S. J. Gao, L. Kingsley, D. R. Hoover, T. J. Spira, C. R. Rinaldo, A. Saah, J. Phair, R. Detels, P. Parry, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore, N. Engl. J. Med. 335:233-241, 1996) have previously been described in BCBL cell lines by immunofluorescence and Western blotting techniques, respectively. To identify the viral gene(s) encoding this antigen(s) we screened a cDNA library from HBL-6 cells, a B-cell lymphoma cell line persistently infected with KSHV/HHV8, with KS patient sera. One set of positive clones contained the 3' end of orf73, as well as the complete orf72 and orfK13, and another set contained the 5' end of orf73. Comparison of cDNA sequences with the KSHV/HHV8 genomic sequence revealed a splice event, occurring upstream of orf73. Immunoaffinity purified antibodies to a recombinant carboxy-terminal fragment of the orf73-encoded protein showed the characteristic speckled nuclear immunofluorescence pattern of LANA and reacted with the 222- to 234-kDa LNA on Western blots. Expression of full-length orf73 in bacteria and COS7 cells reproduced the LNA banding pattern. Immunohistochemistry on cases of nodular KS revealed that orf73/LNA is expressed in the nucleus of KS spindle cells. These findings demonstrate that orf73 encodes the 222- to 234-kDa LNA, is a component of LANA, and is expressed in KS tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rainbow
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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