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Li X, Sanz J, Argudo N, Vernet-Tomas M, Rodríguez N, Torrent L, Fernández-Velilla E, Pera O, Huang Y, Nicolau P, Jiménez M, Segura M, Algara M. Intraoperative irradiation in breast cancer: preliminary results in 80 patients as partial breast irradiation or anticipated boost prior to hypo-fractionated whole breast irradiation. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:829-835. [PMID: 34792725 PMCID: PMC9013337 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To present the first results of intraoperative irradiation (IORT) in breast cancer with a low-energy photon system used as partial breast irradiation (PBI) or as an anticipated boost before whole breast hypo-fractionated irradiation (IORT + WBI), concerning tolerance, side effects, quality of life, and patient-reported outcomes. Materials and methods Eighty patients treated with an Intrabeam® system of 50 kV X-rays received a 20 Gy dose intraoperatively were included. Moderate daily hypofractionation of 2.7 Gy in 15 fractions up to 40.5 Gy was administered if high-risk factors were present. Acute post-operative toxicity, surgery complications, chronic toxicity, patient-reported cosmesis and Breast-Q questionnaire were performed at follow-up visits. Results Thirty-one patients were treated as PBI and the remaining 49 as IORT + WBI. Only the IORT + WBI group presented acute toxicity, mainly mild acute dermatitis (11 patients) and one subacute mastitis. A total of 20 patients presented fibrosis (18 patients grade I, 2 patients grade II), 15 (30.5%) patients in the IORT + WBI group and 3 (9.6%) patients in the group of PBI. The cosmesis evaluation in 73 patients resulted poor, fair, good or excellent in 2, 7, 38 and 26 patients, respectively. In PBI group Breast-Q scored higher, especially in terms of their psychosocial well-being (78 vs 65) and satisfaction with radiation-induced toxicity (77 vs 72, respectively) compared to IORT + WBI group. Conclusion IORT is a well-tolerated procedure with low toxicity, good cosmesis and favorable patient-reported outcomes mainly when administered as PBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sanz
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain. .,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, C/. Del Gas s/n Edificio B, sótano-2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. .,Radiation Oncology Research Group, Institut Municipal d'InvestigacióMédica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Argudo
- Breast Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Rodríguez
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, C/. Del Gas s/n Edificio B, sótano-2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Research Group, Institut Municipal d'InvestigacióMédica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Torrent
- Breast Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Velilla
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, C/. Del Gas s/n Edificio B, sótano-2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Pera
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, C/. Del Gas s/n Edificio B, sótano-2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Huang
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Nicolau
- Breast Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Jiménez
- Breast Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Segura
- Breast Unit, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Algara
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, C/. Del Gas s/n Edificio B, sótano-2, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Research Group, Institut Municipal d'InvestigacióMédica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Phosphorylation and, therefore, binding capacity of microtubule-associated protein tau is regulated by specific kinases and phosphatases. Activation of tau kinases plays a crucial role in tau- hyper-phosphorylation in Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Among phosphatases, protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A, is a principal tau dephosphorylating enzyme in the brain. PP2A acts as trimer composed of a catalytic (PP2A C), a scaffolding (PP2A A) and a regulatory (PP2 AB; B55α) subunit. Several abnormalities of PP2A have been reported in AD, including decreased mRNA and protein levels of the PP2A C (not replicated by other studies); decreased protein levels of the PP2A A and B55α; reduced PP2A C methylation at Leu309 due to impaired function methyltransferase type IV; increased PP2A C phosphorylation at Tyr307; up-regulation of the PP2A inhibitors I1 and I2; and loss of enzymatic activity. These observations indicate that PP2A is a putative target of therapeutic intervention considering that enhancing PP2A activity would decrease tau hyper-phosphorylation in AD. In spite of these achievements further studies are needed to replicate the reported individual different alterations converging in PP2A in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torrent
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain
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