First Finding of Representatives of the Eccrinida Order in the Digestive Tract of King Crab Specie from the Barents Sea

This is the first report on the finding of large intra-intestinal symbionts belonging to the order Eccrinida in crab-like decapod crustaceans of the family Lithodidae, Paralithodes camtschaticus and Lithodes maja, inhabiting the Barents Sea. Studies have been regularly conducted since the early 2000s in Kola Bay and in one of the inlets of the Eastern Murman Coast. Since 2005, Eccrinida representatives (presumably, a new species of the genus Arundinula) have been found in the guts of the red king crab. A brief description of the endosymbionts and data on their frequency of occurrence are presented. The possible reasons for the distribution of eccrinids in the crab-like decapod crustaceans of the Barents Sea are discussed.

Ration of the red king crab on coastal shoals of the Barents Sea

In different habitats of the Kola Bay (Western Murman) and Dalnezelenetskaya and Yarnyshnaya bays (Eastern Murman), the size and structure of ecological rations (foraging of benthos) of the red king crab, which is an alien species in the Barents Sea, was established. The material for the study was collected in 2000-2009. In the Kola Bay, significant variability in time of this nutrition was detected for individuals of the same size category, which was associated with the depletion of food resources due to the high abundance of invaders in the area. The stable values of the ration and its structures in Eastern Murman bays indicated the prosperous state of benthic communities and an insignificant impact of crabs on these communities.

[Comparative Efficiency of Algorithms Based on Support Vector Machines for Regression]

Methods of construction of support vector machines do not require additional a priori information and can be used to process large scale data set. It is especially important for various problems in computational biology. The main set of algorithms of support vector machines for regression is presented. The comparative efficiency of a number of support-vector-algorithms for regression is investigated. A thorough analysis of the study results found the most efficient support vector algorithms for regression. The description of the presented algorithms, sufficient for their practical implementation is given.

[Comparative efficiency of algorithms based on support vector machines for binary classification]

Methods of construction of support vector machines require no further a priori infoimation and provide big data processing, what is especially important for various problems in computational biology. The question of the quality of learning algorithms is considered. The main algorithms of support vector machines for binary classification are reviewed and they were comparatively explored for their efficiencies. The critical analysis of the results of this study revealed the most effective support-vector-classifiers. The description of the recommended algorithms, sufficient for their practical implementation, is presented.

[Statistical analysis of big data: an approach based on support vector machines for classification and regression problems]

A new type of learning algorithms with the supervisor for estimating multidimensional functions is considered. These methods based on Support Vector Machines are widely used due to their ability to deal with high-dimensional and large datasets, and their flexibility in modeling diverse sources of data. Support vector machines and related kernel methods are extremely good at solving prediction problems in computational biology. A background about statistical learning theory and kernel feature spaces is given including practical and algorithmic considerations.

[2'-Modified oligoribonucleotides, containing 1,2-diol and aldehyde groups. Synthesis and properties]

1,2-Diol-oligoribonucleotides were prepared using fully protected 2'-O-[2-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino-2-oxoethyl]uridine 3'-phosphoramidite. Incorporation of the 2'-modified uridine residue into oligonucleotide chains does not significantly affect the thermal stability of RNA and RNA-DNA duplexes. Periodate oxidation of the 1,2-diol results in reactive 2'-aldehyde oligoribonucleotides. Further application of these oligonucleotides for cross-linking with bacterial ribonuclease P was investigated.

[Bizerine: new anticholinesterase drug with selective gastrointestinal action]

Bizerine-oxalate of hexamethylene-bic-[N-methylcarbamic acid-3-(2-dimethylaminomethyl)pyridyl ether] exhibits the properties of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor, being comparable in this respect in in vitro tests to aminostigmine. Bizerine is 2.5 and 6.7 times less active in these tests than proserine and distigmine, respectively, but it forms more stable complex with the enzyme. Bizerine is 10-80 times less toxic for laboratory mammals as compared to prozerine; it is 3-60 times more active on the isolated urinary bladder of rats, but it is 100-500 times less effective on the spinal muscle of leeches and skeletal muscles of mice and rats. Bizerine actively inhibits intestinal cholinesterase (ChE) of guinea pigs. In systematic use, it does not inhibit brain ChE of mice. Bizerine is a prolonged peripheral muscarinic potentiating inhibitor of ChE and activator of intestinal peristalsis.

Linked spike activity of neurons in the right and left lateral hypothalamus in conditions of food motivation

Cross- and autocorrelation histograms were constructed to investigate the linkage of spike activity from neurons in the right and left lateral hypothalamus, recorded in conditions of restful waking, after 24-h food deprivation, and after satiation. In conditions of hunger, there was a preferred order in which neurons fired in these two hypothalamic regions: a significant majority of cases (59%) showed initial firing by a neuron in the left hypothalamus followed by a neuron in the right, with delays of up to 200 msec and peaks in the delay plot at 30 and 160 msec. The opposite firing order was seen less frequently (21% of cases). In conditions of hunger, linked spike activity showed an increase in the probability of detecting frequencies in the theta range (from 11% to 29%).

[Protection of mice by carbamates cholinesterase inhibitors against poisoning by armin and its dependence on certain physico-chemical indicators]

A series of aminostigmin derivatives with various substituents at nitrogen in the second position of the pyridine ring, has been tested. The efficacy of preventing the death of mice poisoned by armine in five of the seven substances correlates with the constant of the rate of carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase in the in vitro experiments and with the hydrophobic nature. It is suggested that the phenomenon of protection of animals against the toxic effect of organophosphorous compounds involves the "leaving portion" of the molecule of carbamates.

A model of multiple tumorigenesis allowing for cell death: quantitative insight into biological effects of urethane

This paper considers the utility of a stochastic model of carcinogenesis proposed by Yakovlev and Polig [Math. Biosci. 132 (1996) 1-33] in the analysis of experimental data on multiple tumors induced by chemical carcinogens. The model provides a good description of published data on multiple tumors developing in the lungs of mice in response to different schedules of urethane. The distribution of pulmonary tumor counts appears to be negative binomial for each period of time after exposure to urethane. Our results suggest that the rate of administration of urethane has little effect both on the mean number of initiated cells per unit dose and on the rate of formation of lesions responsible for cell death. As our estimates show, more than 80% of initiated cells die in the course of tumor promotion. The model is robust to variations in the rate of urethane excretion given a fixed total dose of the carcinogen. Some prospects for further development of the model to allow for expansion of promoted cell clones are discussed.

Mechanistic modeling of multiple tumorigenesis: an application to data on lung tumors in mice exposed to urethane

This paper discusses an application of the stochastic model of carcinogenesis proposed by Yakovlev and Polig to the analysis of experimental data on multiple pulmonary tumors induced by urethane. The results of this analysis suggest that the rate of administration of urethane has no effect on the mean number of initiated cells per unit dose. Likewise, the formation of lesions responsible for cell death appears to be unaffected by the dose rate.

[Aminostigmine as a cholinesterase inhibitor and as an agent for treating poisonings by cholinergic blockers]

Experiments on non-inbred albino mice have demonstrated that aminostigmine is an active reversible centrally active cholinesterase inhibitor close to the properties of physostigmine, but greatly superior to it in its action duration. Clinical examinations of healthy volunteers and patients have shown that aminostigmine-induced inhibition of cholinesterase activity persists 6 hours. The agent have been found to be more highly effective in treating cholin blocker-induced intoxications than galanthamine, which manifests itself in its greater stability of the therapeutical effect achieved and in its higher ability to prevent cardiovascular events occurring in intoxication.

[Identification of a multihit model for nonhomogeneous cell population]

A generalized multihit-multitarget model for a nonhomogeneous, with respect to radiosensitivity, population of irradiated cells is presented. The least squares and the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters is given. The estimates quality is evaluated by the computer-based study. The results obtained show the possibility of the parametric identification of cell radiosensitivity distribution according to the "dose-response" data.

[The pharmacological characteristics of the new anticholinesterase drug aminostigmine]

The pharmacological properties of a new drug approved in the USSR for the treatment of cholinolytics poisonings are described. The drug is as active as physostigmine. However, its action is longer. Aminostigmine exhibits marked central effects, which forms the basis for its use for elimination of brain dysfunctions caused by choline blockers.

[Parametric analysis of survival data for doubly irradiated animals]

On the basis of their previously reported model of acute radiation sickness development the authors made a parametric analysis of the survival rate of mice after double exposure to ionizing radiation.

[Parametric analysis of the survival time of irradiated animals]

The work deals with the parametric analysis of the irradiated animal survival data. Several forms of radiation death are considered. The life-span distribution has been derived using a special type Markovian model. Conditions for identifiability of the distribution and properties of maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters are discussed.