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Perkins KK, Hanisco TF, Cohen RC, Koch LC, Stimpfle RM, Voss PB, Bonne GP, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Wennberg PO, Gao RS, Del Negro LA, Salawitch RJ, McElroy CT, Hintsa EJ, Loewenstein M, Bui TP. The NOx−HNO3 System in the Lower Stratosphere: Insights from In Situ Measurements and Implications of the JHNO3−[OH] Relationship. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002519n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - T. F. Hanisco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - L. C. Koch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. M. Stimpfle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - P. B. Voss
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - G. P. Bonne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - E. J. Lanzendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - P. O. Wennberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. S. Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - L. A. Del Negro
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - C. T. McElroy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - E. J. Hintsa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - M. Loewenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
| | - T. P. Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Departments of Chemistry and of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; Divisions of Engineering and of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Meteorological Service
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Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Jaegle L, Jacob DJ, Hintsa EJ, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Gao R, Keim ER, Donnelly SG, Negro LAD, Fahey DW, McKeen SA, Salawitch RJ, Webster CR, May RD, Herman RL, Proffitt MH, Margitan JJ, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Flocke F, McElroy CT, Bui TP. Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere. Science 1998; 279:49-53. [PMID: 9417019 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5347.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- PO Wennberg
- P. O. Wennberg, T. F. Hanisco, E. J. Hintsa, E. J. Lanzendorf, J. G. Anderson, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. L. Ja
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