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Fésűs L, Plázár D, Kolonics A, Martin L, Wikonkál N, Medvecz M, Szipőcs R. Low concentration Phloxine B staining for high chemical contrast, nonlinear microscope mosaic imaging of skin alterations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:252-261. [PMID: 35154868 PMCID: PMC8803028 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization of soft connective tissue. Histopathology findings include fragmented, mineralized elastic fibers and calcium deposits in the mid-dermis. Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) can be used for visualization of these histopathological alterations of the mid-dermis in PXE-affected skin sections. Upon introducing a normalized 3D color vector representation of emission spectra of three of the main tissue components (collagen, elastin and calcification) we found that due to their broad, overlapping emission spectra, spectral separation of emission from elastin and calcification is practically impossible in fresh-frozen or unstained, deparaffinized PXE sections. However, we found that the application of a low concentration Phloxine B staining after the deparaffinization process creates an imaging contrast for these two tissue components, which enables spectral decomposition of their fluorescence images. The obtained concentration maps for calcium deposits can be well suited for the determination of illness severity by quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fésűs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. Plázár
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Kolonics
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - L. Martin
- PXE Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - N. Wikonkál
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R. Szipőcs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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