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Hamacher T, Berendsen JTW, van Dongen JE, van der Hee RM, Cornelissen JJLM, Broekhuijse MLWJ, Segerink LI. Virus removal from semen with a pinched flow fractionation microfluidic chip. Lab Chip 2021; 21:4477-4486. [PMID: 34664598 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays pigs are bred with artificial insemination to reduce costs and transportation. To prevent the spread of diseases, it is important to test semen samples for viruses. Screening techniques applied are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and/or polymerase chain reaction, which are labor-intensive and expensive methods. In contrast to the current used screening techniques, it is possible to remove viruses physically from semen. However, existing methods for virus removal techniques have a low yield of spermatozoa. Therefore, we have developed a microfluidic chip that performs size-based separation of viruses and spermatozoa in boar semen samples, thereby having the potential to reduce the risk of disease spreading in the context of artificial insemination in the veterinary industry. As the head of a spermatozoon is at least twenty times larger than a virus particle, the particle size can be used to achieve separation, resulting in a semen sample with lower viral load and of higher quality. To achieve the size separation, our microfluidic device is based on pinched-flow fractionation. A model virus, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, was used and spiked to porcine semen samples. With the proposed microfluidic chip and the optimized flow parameters, at least 84 ± 4% of the model viruses were removed from the semen. The remaining virus contamination is caused by the model virus adhering to spermatozoa instead of the separation technique. The spermatozoa recovery was 86 ± 6%, which is an enormous improvement in yield compared to existing virus removal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamacher
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J T W Berendsen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - J E van Dongen
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - R M van der Hee
- Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J J L M Cornelissen
- Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M L W J Broekhuijse
- CRV, Wassenaarweg 20, 6843NW, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Topigs Norsvin, 227, 5263LT Vught, The Netherlands
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Zakharova M, Palma do Carmo MA, van der Helm MW, Le-The H, de Graaf MNS, Orlova V, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Broersen K, Segerink LI. Multiplexed blood-brain barrier organ-on-chip. Lab Chip 2020; 20:3132-3143. [PMID: 32756644 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00399a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip devices are intensively studied in academia and industry due to their high potential in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. However, most of the existing organ-on-chip models focus on proof of concept of individual functional units without the possibility of testing multiple experimental stimuli in parallel. Here we developed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multiplexed chip with eight parallel channels branching from a common access port through which all eight channels can be addressed simultaneously without the need for extra pipetting steps thus increasing the reproducibility of the experimental results. At the same time, eight outlets provide individual entry to each channel with the opportunity to create eight different experimental conditions. A multiplexed chip can be assembled as a one-layer device for studying monocultures or as a two-layer device for studying barrier tissue functions. For a two-layer device, a ∼2 μm thick transparent PDMS membrane with 5 μm through-hole pores was fabricated in-house using a soft lithography technique, thereby allowing visual inspection of the cell-culture in real-time. The functionality of the chip was studied by recapitulating the blood-brain barrier. For this, human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were cultured in mono- or coculture with human astrocytes. Immunostaining revealed a cellular monolayer with the expression of tight junction ZO-1 and adherence junction VE-cadherin proteins in endothelial cells as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, multiplexed permeability studies of molecule passage through the cellular barrier exhibited expected high permeability coefficients for smaller molecules (4 kDa FITC-dextran) whereas larger molecules (20 kDa) crossed the barrier at a lower rate. With these results, we show that our device can be used as an organ-on-chip model for future multiplexed drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zakharova
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - M A Palma do Carmo
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - M W van der Helm
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - H Le-The
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands. and Physics of Fluids, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - M N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - A D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - K Broersen
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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Bosschieter J, Bach S, Bijnsdorp IV, Segerink LI, Rurup WF, van Splunter AP, Bahce I, Novianti PW, Kazemier G, van Moorselaar RJA, Steenbergen RDM, Nieuwenhuijzen JA. A protocol for urine collection and storage prior to DNA methylation analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200906. [PMID: 30142219 PMCID: PMC6108475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine poses an attractive non-invasive means for obtaining liquid biopsies for oncological diagnostics. Especially molecular analysis on urinary DNA is a rapid growing field. However, optimal and practical storage conditions that result in preservation of urinary DNA, and in particular hypermethylated DNA (hmDNA), are yet to be determined. AIM To determine the most optimal and practical conditions for urine storage that result in adequate preservation of DNA for hmDNA analysis. METHODS DNA yield for use in methylation analysis was determined by quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) targeting the ACTB and RASSF1A genes on bisulfite modified DNA. First, DNA yield (ACTB qMSP) was determined in a pilot study on urine samples of healthy volunteers using two preservatives (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Urine Conditioning Buffer, Zymo Research) at four different temperatures (room temperature (RT), 4°C, -20°C, -80°C) for four time periods (1, 2, 7, 28 days). Next, hmDNA levels (RASSF1A qMSP) in stored urine samples of patients suffering from bladder cancer (n = 10) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 10) were measured at day 0 and 7 upon storage with and without the addition of 40mM EDTA and/or 20 μl/ml Penicillin Streptomycin (PenStrep) at RT and 4°C. RESULTS In the pilot study, DNA for methylation analysis was only maintained at RT upon addition of preserving agents. In urine stored at 4°C for a period of 7 days or more, the addition of either preserving agent yielded a slightly better preservation of DNA. When urine was stored at -20 °C or -80 °C for up to 28 days, DNA was retained irrespective of the addition of preserving agents. In bladder cancer and NSCLC samples stored at RT loss of DNA was significantly less if EDTA was added compared to no preserving agents (p<0.001). Addition of PenStrep did not affect DNA preservation (p>0.99). Upon storage at 4°C, no difference in DNA preservation was found after the addition of preserving agents (p = 0.18). The preservation of methylated DNA (RASSF1A) was strongly correlated to that of unmethylated DNA (ACTB) in most cases, except when PCR values became inaccurate. CONCLUSIONS Addition of EDTA offers an inexpensive preserving agent for urine storage at RT up to seven days allowing for reliable hmDNA analysis. To avoid bacterial overgrowth PenStrep can be added without negatively affecting DNA preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bosschieter
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Urology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Bach
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. V. Bijnsdorp
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Urology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L. I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - W. F. Rurup
- BIOS Lab on a Chip group, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A. P. van Splunter
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology and Molecular Biology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I. Bahce
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P. W. Novianti
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology and Molecular Biology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G. Kazemier
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. J. A. van Moorselaar
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Urology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. D. M. Steenbergen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology and Molecular Biology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J. A. Nieuwenhuijzen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Urology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Papadimitriou VA, Segerink LI, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT. 3D capillary stop valves for versatile patterning inside microfluidic chips. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:232-238. [PMID: 29289315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The patterning of antibodies in microfluidics chips is always a delicate process that is usually done in an open chip before bonding. Typical bonding techniques such as plasma treatment can harm the antibodies with as result that they are removed from our fabrication toolbox. Here we propose a method, based on capillary phenomena using 3D capillary valves, that autonomously and conveniently allows us to pattern liquids inside closed chips. We theoretically analyse the system and demonstrate how our analysis can be used as a design tool for various applications. Chips patterned with the method were used for simple immunodetection of a cardiac biomarker which demonstrates its suitability for antibody patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Papadimitriou
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - J C T Eijkel
- BIOS-Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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de Wagenaar B, Dekker S, de Boer HL, Bomer JG, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Towards microfluidic sperm refinement: impedance-based analysis and sorting of sperm cells. Lab Chip 2016; 16:1514-1522. [PMID: 27025866 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of high quality semen for artificial insemination in the livestock industry is essential for successful outcome. Insemination using semen with a high number of sperm cells containing morphological defects has a negative impact on fertilization outcome. Therefore, semen with a high number of these abnormal cells is discarded in order to maintain high fertilization potential, resulting in the loss of a large number of morphologically normal sperm cells (up to 70-80% of original sample). A commonly occurring morphological sperm anomaly is the cytoplasmic droplet on the sperm flagella. Currently, no techniques are available to extract morphologically normal sperm cells from rejected samples. Therefore, we aim to develop a microfluidic setup which is able to detect and sort morphologically normal sperm cells label-free and non-invasively. In a proof-of-concept experiment, differential impedance measurements were used to detect the presence of cytoplasmic droplets on sperm flagella, which was quantified by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) of the corresponding impedance peaks. A receiver operating characteristic curve of this electrical analysis method showed the good predictive power of this analysis method (AUC value of 0.85). Furthermore, we developed a label-free cell sorting system using LabVIEW, which is capable of sorting sperm cells based on impedance. In a proof-of-concept experiment, sperm cells and 3 μm beads were sorted label-free and non-invasively using impedance detection and dielectrophoresis sorting. These experiments present our first attempt to perform sperm refinement using microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Wagenaar
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - S Dekker
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - H L de Boer
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - J G Bomer
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - W Olthuis
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - A van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. ,
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. , and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Oude Munnink TH, Henstra MJ, Segerink LI, Movig KLL, Brummelhuis-Visser P. Therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory and malignant disease: Translating TNF-α experience to oncology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 99:419-31. [PMID: 26265133 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lack of response to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has been associated with inadequate mAb serum concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mAbs has the potential to guide to more effective dosing in individual patients. This review discusses the mechanisms responsible for interpatient variability of mAb pharmacokinetics, summarizes exposure-response data of mAbs used in inflammatory and malignant disease, presents current evidence of mAb-TDM in inflammatory disease, and provides hurdles and required future steps for further implementing mAb-TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Oude Munnink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo-Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - M J Henstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo-Hengelo, The Netherlands
| | - L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - K L L Movig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Brummelhuis-Visser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo-Hengelo, The Netherlands
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de Wagenaar B, Berendsen JTW, Bomer JG, Olthuis W, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Microfluidic single sperm entrapment and analysis. Lab Chip 2015; 15:1294-301. [PMID: 25578490 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Selection of healthy spermatozoa is of crucial importance for the success rates of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) such as in vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. Although sperm selection for ART procedures is predominantly based on sperm motility, successful fertilization is not predicted by good motility alone. For example, sperm characteristics such as the acrosome state and DNA integrity have shown significant impact on ART outcome. Although fertilization can be achieved with a single spermatozoon of high quality, current quality assessments are population-based and do not allow investigation of multiple sperm characteristics on a single spermatozoon simultaneously. In order to study sperm cells on the single cell level, we designed and characterized a PDMS microfluidic platform that allows single sperm entrapment. After spatially confining individual sperm cells within microfluidic cell traps, the cell viability, chromosomal content and acrosome state were studied. This platform is suitable for the analysis of individual sperm cells, which could be exploited for (non-invasive) sperm analysis and selection by impedance or Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Wagenaar
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ and MIRA Institutes, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Nanofluidics is generally described as the study of liquid flow in or around structures of 100 nm or smaller, and its use for lab on a chip devices has now been actively studied for two decades. Here a brief review is given of the impact that this nanofluidics research has had on point of care applications. Four areas are identified where nanofluidics has brought the largest contributions: single nanopores, nanoporous membranes, nanoconfinement and the use of concentration polarization. The sometimes revolutionary developments in these areas are briefly treated and finally challenges and future perspectives are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Frimat JP, Bronkhorst M, de Wagenaar B, Bomer JG, van der Heijden F, van den Berg A, Segerink LI. Make it spin: individual trapping of sperm for analysis and recovery using micro-contact printing. Lab Chip 2014; 14:2635-41. [PMID: 24615285 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the development of a high throughput platform to spatially manipulate viable sperm for motility measurements and recovery of the best single sperm for fertilization purposes. Micro-contact printing was used to pattern islands of adhesive proteins (fibronectin) separated by sperm repellent species (Pluronic acid F-127) on commercially available polystyrene substrates. Following washing, arrays of viable single sperm were captured onto the islands demonstrating for the first time that sperm can be trapped by micro-contact printing with patterning efficiency of 90% while retaining 100% viability. These were then subjected to motility analysis whilst remaining spatially confined to the islands. Single sperm motility was assessed (n = 37) by software analysis measuring the number of rotations per second (degrees s⁻¹). The assignment of array coordinates allows the more active single sperm to be easily identified and recovered by a simple micromanipulator pipette aspiration step with automated possibility for assisted reproductive technologies or further quality correlation analysis. Taken together, we show for the first time a technique to simultaneously screen thousands of viable single sperm for motility assessment while retaining the ability for single species recovery for enhanced fertilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Frimat
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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