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Buratta S, Shimanaka Y, Costanzi E, Ni S, Urbanelli L, Kono N, Morena F, Sagini K, Giovagnoli S, Romani R, Gargaro M, Arai H, Emiliani C. Lipotoxic stress alters the membrane lipid profile of extracellular vesicles released by Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4613. [PMID: 33633289 PMCID: PMC7907093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are well-known mediators in intercellular communication playing pivotal roles in promoting liver inflammation and fibrosis, events associated to hepatic lipotoxicity caused by saturated free fatty acid overloading. However, despite the importance of lipids in EV membrane architecture which, in turn, affects EV biophysical and biological properties, little is known about the lipid asset of EVs released under these conditions. Here, we analyzed phospholipid profile alterations of EVs released by hepatocarcinoma Huh-7 cells under increased membrane lipid saturation induced by supplementation with saturated fatty acid palmitate or Δ9 desaturase inhibition, using oleate, a nontoxic monounsaturated fatty acid, as control. As an increase of membrane lipid saturation induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we also analyzed phospholipid rearrangements in EVs released by Huh-7 cells treated with thapsigargin, a conventional ER stress inducer. Results demonstrate that lipotoxic and/or ER stress conditions induced rearrangements not only into cell membrane phospholipids but also into the released EVs. Thus, cell membrane saturation level and/or ER stress are crucial to determine which lipids are discarded via EVs and EV lipid cargos might be useful to discriminate hepatic lipid overloading and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Y Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ni
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - N Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - K Sagini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - H Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Giugliarelli A, Urbanelli L, Ricci M, Paolantoni M, Emiliani C, Saccardi R, Mazzanti B, Lombardini L, Morresi A, Sassi P. Evidence of DMSO-Induced Protein Aggregation in Cells. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5065-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Giugliarelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Urbanelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. Ricci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica CNR (IBF-CNR), Unità di Trento, & FBK, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - M. Paolantoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Emiliani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Saccardi
- Banca
del Sangue Cordonale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - B. Mazzanti
- Banca
del Sangue Cordonale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - L. Lombardini
- Banca
del Sangue Cordonale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - A. Morresi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Sassi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce
di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Caponi S, Mattana S, Ricci M, Sagini K, Urbanelli L, Sassi P, Morresi A, Emiliani C, Dalla Serra M, Iannotta S, Musio C, Fioretto D. Raman micro-spectroscopy study of living SH-SY5Y cells adhering on different substrates. Biophys Chem 2016; 208:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Corsetto PA, Ferrara G, Buratta S, Urbanelli L, Montorfano G, Gambelunghe A, Chiaradia E, Magini A, Roderi P, Colombo I, Rizzo AM, Emiliani C. Changes in Lipid Composition During Manganese-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:258-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Urbanelli L, Ronchini C, Fontana L, Menard S, Orlandi R, Monaci P. Targeted gene transduction of mammalian cells expressing the HER2/neu receptor by filamentous phage. J Mol Biol 2001; 313:965-76. [PMID: 11700053 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Screening a random peptide library displayed on phage as fusion to the major capsid protein pVIII identified a ligand binding the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) specifically. By mutating the sequence of this ligand, a "secondary" library was generated, whose panning on HER2-positive cells isolated a phage-borne peptide with increased specific binding to HER2 (phage NL1.1). The same peptide recognised HER2 specifically when expressed as an N-terminal fusion to the minor coat protein pIII. Phage NL1.1 was engineered to include a mammalian expression cassette for a reporter gene within its genome. This modified phage transduced HER2-expressing cells with very high specificity (more than 1000-fold that of parental HER2-negative cells) and with an efficiency comparable to that of chemical transfection protocols. The gene delivery process was remarkably fast, requiring less than 15 minutes incubation of phage with target cells to generate detectable levels of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Urbanelli
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, I.R.B.M. P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Roma, Italy
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Monaci P, Urbanelli L, Fontana L. Phage as gene delivery vectors. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2001; 3:159-69. [PMID: 11338929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage can be considered as a natural system to efficiently condense and package DNA. They tolerate many different types of mutations, including those that lead to the display of polypeptides as a fusion to any of the structural proteins comprising the phage particle. In addition, they are a powerful biological system for generating and screening mutants with the desired functional properties. It has also been shown that phage vectors can be engineered for receptor-mediated gene transfer to mammalian cells. The attractive features offered by this system have paved the way for various attempts to develop phage as a vector for gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Monaci
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Department, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, via Pontina km 30.6, Pornezia, Italy.
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Cardellini E, Cinelli S, Gianfranceschi GL, Onori G, Santucci A, Urbanelli L. Differential scanning calorimetry of chromatin at different levels of condensation. Mol Biol Rep 2000; 27:175-80. [PMID: 11254107 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007237930301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The thermal denaturation of calf thymus total chromatin and of fractions enriched in heterochromatin or euchromatin, has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and compared to that of calf thymus DNA and DNA-histone complexes. In our experimental conditions, chromatin melts in three thermal transitions: the main one, assigned to separation of the DNA double helix, occurs at 83 degrees C, while the other two occur at 63 degrees C and 74 degrees C. The data show that: (a) the transition enthalpy for denaturation of DNA in the total chromatin and in DNA-histone complexes is nearly the same as that of DNA in solution; (b) the transition at 63 degrees C is present in the thermogram of the heterocromatin enriched fraction, while it is completely absent in that of the euchromatin enriched one. The results suggest that this transition can be attributed to the higher order structures of heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cardellini
- Dipartimento di Biologica Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Perugia, Italy
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Abstract
We have previously screened a phage-displayed random peptide library using sera from patients and identified ligands binding to antibodies specifically associated with the hepatitis C virus infection. The ability of these peptides to detect HCV-specific antibodies was improved through an in vitro procedure which mimics the natural process of antibody affinity maturation operating in secondary immune response. Libraries were generated by mutating the sequence of the original peptide through a protocol that efficiently introduced substitution, insertion and deletion mutations on a single or population of clones. Screening these libraries isolated mutants that displayed increased specific reactivity with a broader range of sera from HCV-infected patients. Several variants of the original peptide were identified which discriminate between the various components of the specific polyclonal response. This methodology to select artificial ligands from RPL using sera and to enhance their diagnostic properties by affinity maturation makes the development of a diagnostic assay to detect disease-associated antibodies feasible, without requiring the natural antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Urbanelli
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, Roma, Italy
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Zhu ZY, Minenkova O, Bellintani F, De Tomassi A, Urbanelli L, Felici F, Monaci P. 'In vitro evolution' of ligands for HCV-specific serum antibodies. Biol Chem 2000; 381:245-54. [PMID: 10782995 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2000.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We developed a strategy to improve the properties of ligands selected from phage-displayed random peptide libraries. A site-directed mutagenesis protocol that introduces mutations and extends the size of a target sequence has been set up to generate diversity in a single or in a population of clones. The pool of mutants thus created is screened to identify variants with the desired properties. We refer to this strategy as in vitro evolution' of ligands. Here we report the application of this in vitro evolution protocol to the identification of improved ligands for HCV-specific serum antibodies. A single clone or population of clones were processed to generate a secondary library. Screening of these libraries with sera from HCV-infected patients identified peptides with an enhanced and broadened ability to detect HCV-specific serum antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhu
- Kenton Labs, Centro Ricerche Farmacologia, IRCCSS Lucia, Roma, Italy
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Abstract
Phage display selection strategies rely on the physical link between the displayed heterologous protein ligand and the DNA encoding it. Thus, genes expressing a ligand with a specific binding affinity can be selected rapidly. To improve the specificity and sensitivity of this technology for potential use in identifying ligands to a specific antibody present in a complex mixture, we incorporated a DNA selection step along with the phage display technology. Ligands for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies present in serum were identified by panning a phage-displayed random peptide library against pools of serum HCV antibodies. An additional DNA hybridization screening step using single-stranded DNA isolated from one of the pools increased the specificity and sensitivity, resulting in the selection of an HCV antibody ligand with diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bartoli
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
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