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Lawrence RK, Cochrane BA, Eidels A, Howard Z, Lui L, Pratt J. Emphasizing responder speed or accuracy modulates but does not abolish the distractor-induced quitting effect in visual search. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2023; 8:63. [PMID: 37816913 PMCID: PMC10564694 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When a highly salient distractor is present in a search array, it speeds target absent visual search and increases errors during target present visual search, suggesting lowered quitting thresholds (Moher in Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 2020). Missing a critical target in the presence of a highly salient distractor can have dire consequences in real-world search tasks where accurate target detection is crucial, such as baggage screening. As such, the current study examined whether emphasizing either accuracy or speed would eliminate the distractor-generated quitting threshold effect (QTE). Three blocks of a target detection search task which included a highly salient distractor on half of all trials were used. In one block, participants received no instructions or feedback regarding performance. In the remaining two blocks, they received instructions and trial-by-trial feedback that either emphasized response speed or response accuracy. Overall, the distractor lowered quitting thresholds, regardless of whether response speed or response accuracy was emphasized in a block of trials. However, the effect of the distractor on target misses was smaller when accuracy was emphasized. It, therefore, appears that while the distractor QTE is not easily eradicated by explicit instructions and feedback, it can be shifted. As such, future research should examine the applicability of these and similar strategies in real-world search scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Eidels
- The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Z Howard
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - L Lui
- Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - J Pratt
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Lui L, Wong LC, Chen H, Yung RWH. Antibiogram data from private hospitals in Hong Kong: 6-year retrospective study. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:140-151. [PMID: 35400642 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The surveillance of antibiotic resistance is critical for the establishment of effective control strategies. The antibiotic resistance situations in private hospitals in Hong Kong have not been systematically described. The objective of the study was to analyse antibiogram data from private hospitals and describe the temporal trends of non-susceptibility percentages in this setting. METHODS This retrospective descriptive study used antibiogram data from all private hospitals in Hong Kong that had been collected annually for 6 years (2014-2019). Data on six targeted bacteria and their corresponding multidrug-resistant organisms were included. RESULTS The non-susceptibility percentages of isolates remained stable or decreased during the study period: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus had a stable prevalence of approximately 20%; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species had stable prevalences of 20% to 30% and 10% to 20%, respectively; multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species had prevalences of approximately 2% to 8%, which decreased over time; multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa had prevalences of 0.0% to 0.3%; Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin and macrolide non-susceptibility percentages were 2% to 9% and 71% to 79%, respectively. These values generally were comparable with findings from public hospitals and Residential Care Homes for the Elderly in Hong Kong. However, the prevalences of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, which are increasing in Hong Kong and other nations, were also increasing in our dataset despite their currently low values (<1% for Escherichia coli and <2% for Klebsiella species). CONCLUSION The antibiotic resistance landscape among private hospitals in Hong Kong is satisfactory overall; there remains a need for surveillance, antibiotic stewardship, and other infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lui
- Infection Control Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
| | - L C Wong
- Infection Control Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
| | - H Chen
- Infection Control Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong
| | - R W H Yung
- Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology), Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong
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Xie S, Lui L, Ma R, Graham C, Chan P, Chan F, Fung E. Elevated GDF-15 levels may indicate malnutrition in chronic compensated heart failure with or without diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
Malnutrition is common in chronic heart failure (HF) and is associated with adverse outcomes. Elevated NT-proBNP may indicate increased cardiac stress, whereas growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is increased in response to tissue injury, inflammation and in diabetes mellitus (DM). GDF-15 also negatively regulates appetite, body weight and skeletal muscle homeostasis.
Purpose
We aim to assess the nutritional status of HF patients with or without DM, and determine if GDF-15 is associated with malnutrition.
Methods
We did a cross-sectional analysis on chronic HF patients in a prospective cohort study, forecAsting Heart Failure decompensation (AHF). Chronic compensated HF was defined as a state following hospital discharge for >30 days, or where there had not been hospitalisation for 30 days preceding phenotyping. Patients with a history of HF decompensation were included. Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), including body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin, was used to assess and categorise nutritional status. Patients were classified as being “malnourished” or “well-nourished” based on GNRI scores of <92 and ≥92, respectively. NT-proBNP and GDF-15 levels were measured and echocardiography was done. The study was approved by institutional review board and complied with Declaration of Helsinki.
Results
Among 73 patients (mean age 66 y, 58.9% male), 32.7% exhibited malnutrition as determined by GNRI. There was no difference in age, sex ratio and NYHA functional class between the malnourished and the well-nourished. BMI (22.1 vs 25.6, P<0.001) and levels of GDF-15 (7216.0 vs 2469.0, P<0.001) and NT-proBNP (7158.0 vs 1321.0, P=0.01) were different between the malnourished and well-nourished. Both GDF-15 and NT-proBNP were inversely correlated with GNRI (GDF-15, r=−0.39, P<0.001; NT-proBNP, r=−0.46, P<0.0001). As expected, DM HF patients had significantly higher levels of GDF-15 than non-DM HF patients. In subgroup analysis of DM HF patients, GDF-15 and NT-proBNP levels were higher in the malnourished than well-nourished (median log-[GDF-15], 9.15 vs 8.10, P<0.01; median log-[NT-proBNP], 9.44 vs 7.00, P<0.01). Whereas in non-DM HF, NT-proBNP levels were not different between the malnourished and well-nourished. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model determined that per log increment in GDF-15 level there was a 5.8-fold increased risk of malnutrition (OR 5.81 [2.43–17.62], P<0.001), and for every log increment in NT-proBNP level there was a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of malnutrition (OR 1.82 [1.23–2.88], P<0.01).
Conclusion(s)
Malnutrition is common in chronic compensated HF patients with a history of hospitalisation, and is associated with elevated NT-proBNP and GDF-15 levels. Elevated GDF-15 levels independently predicted poor nutritional status, and with NT-proBNP may indicate a particularly high-risk HF subgroup
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): 1) Health and Medical Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, 2) Direct Grant, Faculty of Medicine, CUHK
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xie
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - L.T Lui
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - R.C.W Ma
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - C.A Graham
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Accident and Emergency Medicine Academic Unit, Hong Kong, China
| | - P.K.S Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong, China
| | - F.K.L Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - E Fung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
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Chan AMW, Au WWY, Chao DVK, Choi K, Choi KW, Choi SMY, Chow Y, Fan CYM, Ho PL, Hui EMT, Kwong KH, Kwong BYS, Lam TP, Lam ETK, Lau KW, Lui L, Ng KHL, Wong MCS, Wong TY, Yeung CF, You JHS, Yung RWH. Antibiotic management of acute pharyngitis in primary care. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:58-63. [PMID: 30713150 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Health Protection of the Department of Health has convened the Advisory Group on Antibiotic Stewardship Programme in Primary Care (the Advisory Group) to formulate guidance notes and strategies for optimising judicious use of antibiotics and enhancing the Antibiotic Stewardship Programme in Primary Care. Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common conditions among out-patients in primary care in Hong Kong. Practical recommendations on the diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis are made by the Advisory Group based on the best available clinical evidence, local prevalence of pathogens and associated antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and common local practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A M W Chan
- Hong Kong College of Family Physicians, Hong Kong
| | - W W Y Au
- Infection Control Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - D V K Chao
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, United Christian Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K Choi
- Hong Kong Medical Association, Hong Kong
| | - K W Choi
- Hong Kong Society for Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong
| | - S M Y Choi
- Primary Care Office, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - Y Chow
- Quality HealthCare Medical Services Limited, Hong Kong
| | - C Y M Fan
- Professional Development and Quality Assurance, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - P L Ho
- IMPACT Editorial Board, Reducing bacterial resistance with IMPACT, 5th edition, Hong Kong
| | - E M T Hui
- Department of Family Medicine, New Territories East Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K H Kwong
- Human Health Holdings Limited, Hong Kong
| | - B Y S Kwong
- Chief Pharmacist's Office, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - T P Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - E T K Lam
- Centre for Health Protection Infection Control Branch, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K W Lau
- Centre for Health Protection Infection Control Branch, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - L Lui
- Centre for Health Protection Infection Control Branch, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K H L Ng
- Centre for Health Protection Infection Control Branch, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - M C S Wong
- Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, Hong Kong
| | - T Y Wong
- Centre for Health Protection Infection Control Branch, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | | | - J H S You
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - R W H Yung
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong
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Fung E, Lui L, Yau F, Leung J, Woo J. PERFORMANCE OF CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE CAPACITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS INDICATORS IN DIFFERENTIATING PRE-FRAIL AND ROBUST ELDERLY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lin C, Huang T, Lin C, Nien H, Tu P, Lui L, Wu C. SU-F-T-389: Validation in 4D Dosimetry Using Dynamic Phantom. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Schafer AL, Napoli N, Lui L, Schwartz AV, Black DM. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women. Diabet Med 2014; 31:564-9. [PMID: 24299116 PMCID: PMC3988213 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with incident diabetes in a large cohort of older women. METHODS Data were analysed from women included in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a cohort of community-dwelling women aged ≥65 years at enrolment. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was assessed at the year 6 visit, as were BMI and other factors associated with vitamin D and/or diabetes. Diabetes status was determined at each subsequent visit by self-report and medication use. Only those without prevalent diabetes at the year 6 visit were included in the present analysis (N = 5463, mean age 76.5 years). RESULTS During a mean ±sd follow-up of 8.6 ± 4.4 years, incident diabetes was reported in 320 participants. The mean BMI was higher in those with a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <20 ng/ml (<50 nmol/l) than in those with concentrations 20-30 or ≥30 ng/ml [50-74 or ≥75 nmol/l (P < 0.0001)]. A higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was associated with a 13% lower risk of incident diabetes after adjustment for age and clinic site [hazard ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99, per sd increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D]; however, the addition of BMI to the model attenuated the estimated effect (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.86-1.11). Adjustment for additional potential confounders yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D does not independently predict incident diabetes in older women. Although those with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are less likely to develop diabetes, this is mainly explained by their lower BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Schafer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lui L, Rosa M. Side-inhibition, but not end-inhibition properties of neurons in areas MT and DM are related to the contrast sensitivity. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
CONTEXT A high prevalence of obesity has recently been reported in postmenopausal women with low trauma fracture, suggesting that higher bone mineral density (BMD) in obese individuals may not be protective against fracture. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare BMD and other risk factors for nonvertebral fracture in 1377 obese postmenopausal women. DESIGN Characteristics of obese women with and without incident nonvertebral fracture were investigated among the prospective cohort in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. SETTING The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures is a multicenter study of 9704 women (>99% Caucasian) aged 65 yr and over who were recruited between September 1986 and October 1988 from population-based listings at four U.S. clinical centers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was nonvertebral fracture. RESULTS BMD T-scores in the spine, femoral neck, and total hip were significantly lower in obese women who experienced fractures than in obese women without fracture: mean differences, -0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.73 to -0.39], -0.46 (95% CI = -0.57 to -0.36), and -0.51 (95% CI = -0.62 to -0.39), respectively (P < 0.0001 for all). A previous history of fracture [odds ratio = 1.69 (95% CI = 1.33-2.14); P < 0.0001] and femoral neck BMD [1.62 (95% CI = 1.42-1.85) per sd decrease in BMD; P < 0.0001] were independently associated with incident nonvertebral fracture. CONCLUSIONS Obese postmenopausal women who sustain nonvertebral fractures have significantly lower BMD on average than obese women without fracture and are more likely to have a past history of fracture. Fractures in obese postmenopausal women thus exhibit some characteristics of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Premaor
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil.
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Lui L, Dobiecki A, Bourne J, Rosa M. Responses of single neurones in the middle temporal area (MT) to kinetic contours: implications for understanding the physiological basis of form cue invariance. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lui L, Sun A, Wu S, Lui R. Preparative Purification of Morroniside and Loganin from Fructus corni by Combination of Macroporous Absorption Resin and HSCCC. J Chromatogr Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/47.5.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chaganti R, Kelman A, Lui L, Yao W, Javaid M, Bauer D, Nevitt M, Lane N. Change in serum measurements of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and association with the development and worsening of radiographic hip osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:566-71. [PMID: 17950630 PMCID: PMC2700361 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between changes in serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and serum N-telopeptide crosslinks (NTX) over a 6-year interval with the development and progression of radiographically apparent hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) in a community sample of elderly women over 8.3 years of follow-up. METHODS Pelvic radiographs were obtained a mean of 8.3 years apart in Caucasian women > or =65 years of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. From a cohort of 5928 subjects, we randomly sampled study subjects ( approximately 170 per group) to perform two nested case-control studies, one of RHOA incidence and the other of RHOA progression. Baseline and year 6 serum COMP and serum NTX levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate and percentage change in serum levels was calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 1 standard deviation (SD) change in the serum COMP and NTX level differences were calculated using logistic regression analysis and used to predict the development or progression of RHOA, adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS The percentage change in the level of serum COMP from baseline to year 6 was found to be a risk factor for the development of incident RHOA [adjusted OR of 1.58 per 1 SD increase (95% CI: 1.19-2.09)], and reduction of progression of RHOA [adjusted OR of 0.74 per 1 SD increase (95% CI: 0.58-0.96)]. Quartile analysis of serum COMP changes revealed that the three highest quartiles of change in serum COMP were associated with (1) a five-fold greater risk of developing incident RHOA [adjusted OR=5.42 (95% CI: 2.80-10.60)], and (2) a 50% decreased risk of developing progression of RHOA [adjusted OR=0.48 (95% CI: 0.30-0.80)]. No significant association was found between changes in serum NTX levels from baseline to year 6 with either incident RHOA or the progression of existing RHOA. CONCLUSION Measurement of serum COMP at two distinct timepoints may be a method of identifying patients at risk for developing incident RHOA and those with baseline RHOA that will not rapidly progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.K. Chaganti
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - A. Kelman
- Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California and Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | - L. Lui
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - W. Yao
- University of California at Davis Medical School, Sacramento, California
| | - M.K. Javaid
- MRC ERC, University of Southampton, Southampton UK
| | - D. Bauer
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - M. Nevitt
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - N.E. Lane
- University of California at Davis Medical School, Sacramento, California
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Choi C, Chan R, Tung S, Lui L, Siu S, Au G, Ho J, Law W. Efficacy of Combination Chemotherapy with Irinotecan (CPT-11) plus Capecitabine in Patients with Metastatic or Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma — a Dual-centre Phase II Study: the MAC-6. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2008; 20:168-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lian K, Lui L, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC, Lee JM, Li J, Lane NE. Estrogen receptor alpha genotype is associated with a reduced prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:972-8. [PMID: 17419075 PMCID: PMC2204046 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the association between polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha gene (ESR1) and prevalent and incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) in a large, well-defined prospective cohort of elderly Caucasian women. METHODS Prevalent and incident RHOA was evaluated from all available pelvis X-rays obtained from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures at baseline and after a mean of 8.3 years. Evaluable DNA samples were available from 4746 of these subjects. RHOA cases were defined by published methods. The ESR1 polymorphisms at intron I (Pvu II for a T/C substitution and Xba I for an A/G substitution) were genotyped in the context of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by allele-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection with immobilized oligonucleotide probes in linear arrays. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with the T/C and A/G polymorphisms. RESULTS RHOA was present in 12.1% of subjects, of whom 325 had joint space narrowing (JSN) score > or =3 and 130 had an osteophyte score > or =2 and JSN score > or =2. There was a significant reduction in the odds of prevalent RHOA for individuals with the C/C compared to T/T genotype at the Pvu II site with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55-0.92) (P=0.01). Adjustments for age, weight, height, hip Bone mineral density (BMD) and estrogen use did not alter the relationship between the C/C genotype and reduced risk of RHOA, with an OR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54-0.94) (P=0.01). The risk of incident RHOA was reduced for the Pvu II C/C compared to the T/T genotype (P=0.11). Also, the reduced risk of incident RHOA in C/C subjects varied by estrogen use. There was no association between the Xba I G/G or G/A genotypes and RHOA with OR of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.61-1.10) (P=0.19) compared to women with A/A genotype. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the C/C genotype of the ER alpha Pvu II polymorphism was associated with a modestly reduced risk of prevalent and incident RHOA in elderly Caucasian women. Additional work is required to understand how the intron I ESR1 polymorphism may alter joint degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Lane NE, Lian K, Nevitt MC, Zmuda JM, Lui L, Li J, Wang J, Fontecha M, Umblas N, Rosenbach M, de Leon P, Corr M. Frizzled-related protein variants are risk factors for hip osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1246-54. [PMID: 16572458 DOI: 10.1002/art.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of the Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly variants of FRZB with the risk and phenotype of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and serum levels of Frizzled-related protein (FRP) in a prospective cohort of elderly Caucasian women. METHODS Radiographic hip OA status of patients was defined by the presence of severe joint space narrowing (JSN) (feature grade>or=3), a summary grade>or=3, or definite osteophytes (grade>or=2) and JSN (grade>or=2) in the same hip. Genotypes were obtained in 569 patients with radiographic OA of the hip and in 1,317 and 4,136 controls for the Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly variants, respectively. Serum FRP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS The minor allele frequency for the Arg200Trp polymorphism was 0.12 in the control group compared with 0.14 in the group with radiographic OA of the hip (P=0.12), and the minor allele frequency for the Arg324Gly variant was 0.083 in the control group compared with 0.088 in the group with radiographic OA of the hip (P=0.63). The multilocus genotypes available in 1,886 subjects suggested that inheritance of both minor alleles was a risk factor for developing OA characterized by JSN (P<0.01). Patients with radiographic OA of the hip who were homozygous for the Arg200Trp minor allele had higher serum FRP levels than controls who were homozygous for the major allele. CONCLUSION Our data confirm findings of another study, that a rare haplotype with both Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly FRZB variants contributes to the genetic susceptibility to hip OA among Caucasian women, and that these polymorphisms may contribute to increased serum levels of proteins as biomarkers of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Lane
- University of California at San Francisco, USA
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Lian K, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Lui L, Hochberg MC, Greene D, Li J, Wang J, Lane NE. Type I collagen α1 Sp1 transcription factor binding site polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of hip osteoarthritis defined by severe joint space narrowing in elderly women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:1431-6. [PMID: 15880349 DOI: 10.1002/art.21011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A common G/T substitution at an Sp1 binding site in intron 1 of the COL1A1 gene has been reported to be associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is an association between COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip in elderly women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. METHODS Radiographic hip OA status of subjects was defined by the presence of 1 of the following criteria in either hip: a joint space narrowing (JSN) score of >/=3, a Croft summary grade of >/=3, or both definite (score >/=2) osteophytes and JSN in the same hip. Cases of radiographic OA of the hip were further subdivided into those with JSN score >/=3 and those with a femoral osteophyte score >/=2 and JSN score </=2. The COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism was genotyped using allele-specific kinetic polymerase chain reaction in 4,746 women. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Radiographic OA of the hip was present in 571 women (12%). Of these patients, 325 (57%) had severe JSN (score >/=3), and 131 (23%) had moderate or moderate-to-severe femoral osteophytosis (score >/=2). There was no association of the T/T genotype with either radiographic hip OA or radiographic hip OA characterized by osteophytosis. For radiographic OA of the hip characterized by moderate-to-severe JSN, the odds of disease were significantly reduced among subjects with the T/T compared with the G/G genotype (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.81, P = 0.02) and did not change after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.13-0.99, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION The T/T genotype of the COL1A1 Sp1 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of radiographic OA of the hip characterized by JSN. This association should be confirmed in other populations to determine if mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lian
- University of California at San Francisco, USA
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Kelman A, Lui L, Yao W, Krumme A, Nevitt M, Lane NE. Association of higher levels of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and N-telopeptide crosslinks with the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 54:236-43. [PMID: 16385523 DOI: 10.1002/art.21527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of baseline concentrations of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and serum N-telopeptide crosslinks (NTX) with the development and progression of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) in elderly women. METHODS Pelvic radiographs were obtained a mean of 8.3 years apart from white women > or =65 years of age enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Random sampling from a cohort of 5,928 subjects was performed, with subjects ( approximately 200 per group) assigned to nested case-control studies, one focusing on RHOA incidence and the other on RHOA progression. Baseline serum levels of COMP and NTX were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in duplicate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), indicating the likelihood of baseline serum COMP and NTX levels to be predictive of the development or progression of RHOA, were calculated using logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS At baseline, incident cases of RHOA were associated with higher serum levels of COMP and NTX (P < 0.05 for each) compared with the no RHOA control group. Higher baseline serum COMP and NTX levels were associated with an increased risk of incident RHOA compared with the no RHOA group, with an adjusted OR of 1.31 per SD increase in COMP (95% CI 1.02-1.68) and adjusted OR of 1.38 per SD increase in NTX (95% CI 1.07-1.79). In this community-based cohort, progression of RHOA was modest. However, there was a trend toward increased risk of RHOA progression with higher baseline COMP and NTX levels. CONCLUSION These data suggest that serum levels of COMP and NTX are modest risk markers for the development of RHOA in a community-based cohort of elderly white women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kelman
- Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
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Abstract
Motion is a powerful cue for figure-ground segregation, allowing the recognition of shapes even if the luminance and texture characteristics of the stimulus and background are matched. In order to investigate the neural processes underlying early stages of the cue-invariant processing of form, we compared the responses of neurons in the striate cortex (V1) of anaesthetized marmosets to two types of moving stimuli: bars defined by differences in luminance, and bars defined solely by the coherent motion of random patterns that matched the texture and temporal modulation of the background. A population of form-cue-invariant (FCI) neurons was identified, which demonstrated similar tuning to the length of contours defined by first- and second-order cues. FCI neurons were relatively common in the supragranular layers (where they corresponded to 28% of the recorded units), but were absent from layer 4. Most had complex receptive fields, which were significantly larger than those of other V1 neurons. The majority of FCI neurons demonstrated end-inhibition in response to long first- and second-order bars, and were strongly direction selective. Thus, even at the level of V1 there are cells whose variations in response level appear to be determined by the shape and motion of the entire second-order object, rather than by its parts (i.e. the individual textural components). These results are compatible with the existence of an output channel from V1 to the ventral stream of extrastriate areas, which already encodes the basic building blocks of the image in an invariant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bourne
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to validate a Chinese-language visual function assessment within the context of a routine cataract surgery practice and to assess the contribution of the method of questionnaire administration. DESIGN The visual function assessment (VFA) was translated into Chinese. Two groups of study subjects were recruited: Chinese who did not speak English and Chinese conversant in English. Consecutive preoperative cataract patients of Chinese ancestry presenting to an urban ophthalmology practice were recruited. The questionnaire was administered in person or by telephone interview. Pre-operative visual acuity was recorded. Visual function scores were analyzed to assess reliability and correlation with visual acuity. RESULTS Among the 186 potential study subjects, 155 patients completed the study The Chinese-language visual function assessment had good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.97, inter-item correlations = 0.43 to 0.96) . Reliability (with regard to the English version) and test-retest reproducibility of the Chinese questionnaire were strong with intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.60. The method of administration contributed to the measures of reliability and reproducibility. CONCLUSION These results show that a Chinese-language version of the VFA questionnaire is reliable and valid. In industrialized countries with large Chinese-speaking populations and newly developed countries of East and Southeast Asia, the visual function assessment may be helpful in assisting routine clinical patient evaluation and cross-cultural outcome assessment programmes. Our findings also suggest that self-administered visual function assessments may be more reliable and valid than interview-generated assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Dam
- Faculty of Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate if DNA hypomethylation in cells used as karyoplasts would improve development of bovine nuclear transplantation (NT) embryos. DNA from serum-fed (SF), serum-starved (SS), and 1, or 5 microM 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) treated cells was digested with a methylation sensitive enzyme, and evaluated for DNA methylation. A significant reduction in DNA methylation was observed in cells cultured for 48 or 72 hr in SS medium as well as in cells cultured for 48 hr in the presence of 5 microM 5-aza-CR when compared to cells cultured in SF medium. All other comparisons contained no significant differences when compared to controls. When donor cells were cultured in 5-aza-CR, SF, or SS treatment media for 48 hr, no significant difference was observed (P = 0.06) in blastocyst development rates after NT. One embryo produced by donor cells treated with 5-aza-CR established a pregnancy. Four pregnancies resulted from embryos produced by SS donor cell NT and 3 resulted from embryos produced by SF donor cell NT. Supplementation of the donor cell culture medium with 5-aza-CR was not beneficial for increasing blastocyst rate or establishing pregnancy after NT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Jones
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Gregory PD, Schmid A, Zavari M, Lui L, Berger SL, Hörz W. Absence of Gcn5 HAT activity defines a novel state in the opening of chromatin at the PHO5 promoter in yeast. Mol Cell 1998; 1:495-505. [PMID: 9660934 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity has been demonstrated for several transcriptional activators, formally connecting chromatin modification with gene regulation. However, no effect on chromatin has been demonstrated. We have investigated the role of the HAT Gcn5 at the nucleosomally regulated PHO5 promoter. Under conditions of constitutive submaximal activation (i.e., in the absence of the negative regulator Pho80), deletion of Gcn5 determines a novel randomized nucleosomal organization across the promoter and leads to a dramatic reduction in activity. Furthermore, mutation of amino acids critical for Gcn5 HAT activity is sufficient to generate this structure. This intermediate state in chromatin opening gives way to the fully open structure upon maximal induction (phosphate starvation), even in the absence of Gcn5. Thus, Gcn5 is shown to affect directly the remodeling of chromatin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Gregory
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Universität München, Germany
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Falanga A, Ofosu FA, Delaini F, Oldani E, Dewar L, Lui L, Barbui T. The hypercoagulable state in cancer patients: evidence for impaired thrombin inhibitions. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1994; 5 Suppl 1:S19-23; discussion 59-64. [PMID: 7514451 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-199401000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation of prothrombin and the subsequent reactions of thrombin with its substrates and its major inhibitors, antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HC II), likely reflect both intravascular and extravascular coagulation. Several studies have reported increased in vivo coagulation in cancer. Whether the increased thrombin production in malignancy is accompanied by a corresponding increase in thrombin inhibition is unknown. This study quantified prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-AT III (TAT), thrombin-AT III-vitronectin (TAT.V), and thrombin-HC II-vitronectin (THCII.V) in the plasmas of healthy volunteers (n = 37); patients with localized solid tumours before treatment was initiated (n = 39); and five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both before and during weekly chemotherapy. Two of the five non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients developed deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during chemotherapy. In normal plasma, where the concentrations of the four parameters likely reflect haemostasis, the sum of TAT, TAT.V and THCII.V was 61% that of F1 + 2, compared with 30% in cancer plasmas. In addition, the mean +/- SEM of F1 + 2 in the plasmas of cancer patients (1.56 +/- 0.09 nM) was significantly elevated (P < 0.001) when compared with healthy volunteers (0.89 +/- 0.06 nM). Eight weeks of chemotherapy increased the F1 + 2 and the binary TAT in plasmas of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients by approximately 1.5- and 2.9-fold, respectively. Thus, increased prothrombin activation in cancer patients, without corresponding increases in concentrations of thrombin-inhibitor complexes, raise the possibility that a significant portion of the thrombin generated in vivo escapes inhibition in cancer and contributes to the high risk of DVT in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Falanga
- Department of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo, Italy
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Nie L, Lui L. [The responses of phrenic discharges to microinjection of morphine and naloxone into central nucleus amygdala in rabbits]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1993; 45:96-101. [PMID: 8503037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were done on 24 urethan anesthetized (20%, 1 g/kg), vagotomized and spontaneously breathing rabbits (2-3 kg). The effects on phrenic activity by microinjection of morphine and naloxone into central nucleus amygdala (ACE) were observed. The main results were as follows: (1) Injection of morphine resulted in two respiratory effects, firstly a marked increase in inspiratory time (Ti) and amplitude of phrenic activity (AMP) with little changes of respiratory frequency (RF), and secondly a significant decrease in AMP with little changes in Ti. (2) Injection of naloxone resulted in increases in RF, AMP and decreases in Ti with no marked changes in blood pressure. (3) Prolongation of inspiratory time by morphine can be blocked by previous injection of naloxone. The results suggested that endogenous morphine in ACE have different effects on respiration mediated by different receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nie
- Department of Physiology, Shangdong Medical University, Jinan
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Liu J, Lui L. [Effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the ventral-medial region of nucleus facialis on respiratory phase switching in rabbits]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1988; 40:494-501. [PMID: 3251361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Harris CL, Lui L, Sakallah S, DeVore R. Cysteine starvation, isoleucyl-tRNAIle, and the regulation of the ilvGEDA operon of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:7676-83. [PMID: 6345528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of undermodified tRNA in the regulation of the ilvGEDA operon has been investigated using Escherichia coli C6, a relA-, Cys-, Met- mutant. This strain accumulates thionucleotide-deficient or methyl-deficient tRNA when starved for cysteine or methionine, respectively. The levels of threonine deaminase, the ilvA gene product, and transaminase B, the ilvE gene product, were both lower in cysteine-starved cells, as compared with either growing or methionine-starved cultures. When cysteine was added to cysteine-starved cells, growth ensued promptly and both enzyme activities returned to control levels. Treatment of recovering cultures with valine limited growth by isoleucine limitation, but did not cause a derepression of the ilvGEDA operon. Valine treatment of nonstarved or methionine-starved cells led to the expected increase in threonine deaminase and transaminase B activities. Cysteine-starved cells slowly regained the ability to derepress the operon after 3 h of recovery in complete medium. In contrast, the induction of the lac operon was normal in cysteine-starved cultures, even in the presence of valine. The loss of derepressibility of the ilvGEDA operon was correlated with the presence of a kinetically and chromatographically altered tRNAIle in cysteine-starved cells. No changes in tRNAIle were observed after methionine starvation. Using the periodate method, we found that the charging of tRNAIle increased from the normal level of 60 to 80% or greater after starvation for cysteine. Under conditions where the ilvGEDA operon was fully derepressed in nonstarved cells, the charging of tRNAIle fell to 27%. Unexpectedly, nearly identical results were obtained with cysteine-starved cells after an identical derepression test. These results suggest that factors other than the aminoacylation state of tRNAIle may be important in the regulation of this operon. In particular, modifications to tRNA which involve cysteine may be necessary for controlling the expression of the ilvGEDA operon in E. coli.
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