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Souza IMFNBD, Siqueira VDS, Ribeiro IDC, Moraes LSP, Prado DPGD, Rezende SR, Costa WLGD, Rezende HHA. Molecular and serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e19. [PMID: 36921207 PMCID: PMC10013468 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an infection of vast worldwide distribution whose etiologic agent is Toxoplasma gondii. This disease can cause problems ranging from mild symptoms to serious conditions, such as encephalitis, miscarriage and blindness. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to perform a diagnosis with reproducible techniques in order to obtain a good prognosis. The aim of this review was to analyze the efficiency of toxoplasmosis diagnostic techniques based on sensitivity and specificity results. Five research platforms in English language were used (Eric, Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed and SciELO), which contained data on the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The search and selection were performed for studies published prior to June 2021. The search resulted in the inclusion of 13 articles published from 2005 to 2020. The data revealed the use of different samples in the standardization of techniques such as serum, total blood, colostrum and amniotic fluid. The flow cytometry, lateral flow immunoassay and qPCR techniques showed 100% sensitivity, whereas the ELISA, western blotting, qPCR and RE-LAMP techniques achieved 100% specificity. Significantly, the qPCR and LAMP techniques were more accurate when the likelihood ratio was assessed. The meta-analysis identified that ISAGA and western blotting have low sensitivity values and LIASON, ELFA and ELISA, using a silica bioconjugate, also have low specificity values. It was noted that a wide range of methods have high values of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the choice of the method will be based on the conditions and its financial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor da Silva Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Jatai, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Webster Leonardo Guimarães da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Jatai, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (Imunologia), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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