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Schenkel LC, Aref-Eshghi E, Rooney K, Kerkhof J, Levy MA, McConkey H, Rogers RC, Phelan K, Sarasua SM, Jain L, Pauly R, Boccuto L, DuPont B, Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Schwartz CE, Sadikovic B. DNA methylation epi-signature is associated with two molecularly and phenotypically distinct clinical subtypes of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:2. [PMID: 33407854 PMCID: PMC7789817 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phelan-McDermid syndrome is characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. It is caused by a variable size and breakpoint microdeletions in the distal long arm of chromosome 22, referred to as 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, including the SHANK3 gene. Genetic defects in a growing number of neurodevelopmental genes have been shown to cause genome-wide disruptions in epigenomic profiles referred to as epi-signatures in affected individuals. Results In this study we assessed genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in a cohort of 22 individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, including 11 individuals with large (2 to 5.8 Mb) 22q13.3 deletions, 10 with small deletions (< 1 Mb) or intragenic variants in SHANK3 and one mosaic case. We describe a novel genome-wide DNA methylation epi-signature in a subset of individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Conclusion We identified the critical region including the BRD1 gene as responsible for the Phelan-McDermid syndrome epi-signature. Metabolomic profiles of individuals with the DNA methylation epi-signature showed significantly different metabolomic profiles indicating evidence of two molecularly and phenotypically distinct clinical subtypes of Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Schenkel
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A3K7, Canada
| | - E Aref-Eshghi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - K Rooney
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - J Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - M A Levy
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - H McConkey
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada
| | - R C Rogers
- Greenville Office, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenville, SC, 29605, USA
| | - K Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, 33816, USA
| | | | - L Jain
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA.,Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - R Pauly
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - L Boccuto
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA.,Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - B DuPont
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - G Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, NA, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - N Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, NA, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - C E Schwartz
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA.
| | - B Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, N6A5W9, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A3K7, Canada.
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Taylor A, Schenkel LC, Yokich M, Bakovic M. Adaptations to excess choline in insulin resistant and Pcyt2 deficient skeletal muscle. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:223-231. [PMID: 28068143 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that choline supplementation in insulin resistant (IR) CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase deficient (Pcyt2+/-) mice would ameliorate muscle function by remodeling glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Pcyt2+/- mice either received no treatment or were allowed access to 2 mg/mL choline in drinking water for 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle was harvested from choline treated and untreated mice. Lipid analysis and metabolic gene expression and signaling pathways were compared between untreated Pcyt2+/- mice, treated Pcyt2+/- mice, and Pcyt2+/+ mice. The major positive effect of choline supplementation on IR muscle was the reduction of glucose utilization for FA and triglyceride (TAG) synthesis and increased muscle glucose storage as glycogen. Choline reduced the expression of genes for FA and TAG formation (Scd1, Fas, Srebp1c, Dgat1/2), upregulated the genes for FA oxidation (Cpt1, Pparα, Pgc1α), and had minor effects on phospholipid and lipolysis genes. Pcyt2+/- muscle had reduced insulin signaling (IRS1), autophagy (LC3), and choline transport (CTL1) proteins that were restored by choline treatment. Additionally, choline activated AMPK and Akt while inhibiting mTORC1 phosphorylation. These data established that choline supplementation could restore muscle glucose metabolism by reducing lipogenesis and improving mitochondrial and intracellular signaling for protein and energy metabolism in insulin resistant Pcyt2 deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Taylor
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laila Cigana Schenkel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Maiya Yokich
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Kernohan KD, Cigana Schenkel L, Huang L, Smith A, Pare G, Ainsworth P, Boycott KM, Warman-Chardon J, Sadikovic B. Identification of a methylation profile for DNMT1-associated autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:91. [PMID: 27602171 PMCID: PMC5011850 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic mark, controlled by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) proteins, which regulates chromatin structure and gene expression throughout the genome. In this study, we describe a family with adult-onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with deafness and narcolepsy (ADCA-DN) caused by mutations in the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 and assess the DNA methylation profile of these individuals. RESULTS We report a family with six individuals affected with ADCA-DN; specifically, patients first developed hearing loss and ataxia, followed by narcolepsy, and cognitive decline. We identified a heterozygous DNMT1 variant, c.1709C>T [p.Ala570Val] by Sanger sequencing, which had been previously reported as pathogenic for ADCA-DN and segregated with disease in the family. DNA methylation analysis by high-resolution genome-wide DNA methylation array identified a decrease in CpGs with 0-10 % methylation and 80-95 % methylation and a concomitant increase in sites with 10-30 % methylation and >95 % methylation. This pattern suggests an increase in methylation of normally unmethylated regions, such as promoters and CpG islands, as well as further methylation of highly methylated gene bodies and intergenic regions. Furthermore, a regional analysis identified 82 hypermethylated loci with consistent robust differences across ≥5 consecutive probes compared to our large reference cohort. CONCLUSIONS This report identifies robust changes in the DNA methylation patterns in ADCA-DN patients, which is an important step towards elucidating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Laila Cigana Schenkel
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario Canada
| | - Lijia Huang
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Amanda Smith
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Peter Ainsworth
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
| | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioner's Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
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Schenkel LC, Silva RRE, Bianchin MM, Leistner-Segal S. Response to: A functional 5-HT1A variant and comorbid anxiety. Epilepsy Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schenkel LC, Bragatti JA, Becker JA, Torres CM, Martin KC, de Souza AC, Manfro GG, Leistner-Segal S, Bianchin MM. Serotonin gene polymorphisms and psychiatry comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2012; 99:260-6. [PMID: 22222329 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric comorbidities are frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It is biologically plausible that alterations in serotonin-related genes may be involved in higher susceptibility to psychiatric disease in these individuals. Here we report results of an association study of serotonin gene polymorphisms and psychiatry comorbidities in TLE. METHODS Case-control study of 155 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. We evaluate the influence of 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms in the 5-HTT gene and the C-1019G polymorphism in the 5-HT1A gene in psychiatric comorbidities of TLE. RESULTS After logistic regression, female sex (OR=2.34; 95% CI 1.06-5.17; p=0.035) and the presence of C allele of 5-HT1A C-1019G polymorphism (OR=2.77; 95% CI 1.01-7.63; p=0.048) remained independent risk factors for anxiety disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy. CONCLUSION C allele of 5-HT1A C-1019G polymorphism might be an independent risk factor for anxiety disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy. We believe that other studies in this venue will shade some light on molecular mechanisms involved in psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Cigana Schenkel
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Schenkel LC, Bragatti JA, Torres CM, Martin KC, Manfro GG, Leistner-Segal S, Bianchin MM. Serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) polymorphisms and temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2011; 95:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schenkel LC, Segal J, Becker JA, Manfro GG, Bianchin MM, Leistner-Segal S. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is an independent risk factor for high lethality in suicide attempts of depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:940-4. [PMID: 20433887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some authors have reported an association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with suicidal behavior and/or clinical aspects of suicidal attempts. We evaluated, here, the impact of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the clinical characteristics of suicide attempts. The study was conducted on a cohort of 120 consecutive patients who were admitted to the Emergency Hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil, due to a suicide attempt. Variables of univariate analyses were included in a logistic regression model to test whether the risk factors had independent effect. In univariate analyses, sex, BDNF genotype, intent and method of suicide attempt were all risk factors for high lethality in suicide attempts. After logistic regression analysis, male sex (O.R.=3.03; 95% C.I=1.34-6.84; 0.008) and the presence of BDNF 66Met allele (O.R.=2.62; 95% C.I=1.04-6.57; 0.04) were significantly and independently associated with the high lethality in suicide attempts. The present study showed that BDNF 66Met allele is an independent predictor of high lethality in suicide attempts of depressed patients. This finding is important because it might allow earlier identification of patients at high risk for suicide, perhaps providing better tools for clinical care of these patients in the future.
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Segal J, Schenkel LC, Oliveira MHD, Salum GA, Bau CHD, Manfro GG, Leistner-Segal S. Novel allelic variants in the human serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) among depressed patients with suicide attempt. Neurosci Lett 2008; 451:79-82. [PMID: 19103261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) is being extensively studied for association with suicidal behavior. A new allelic variant within the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was described but it has not been thoroughly analyzed in the recent literature. The SNP functional analysis demonstrated that the A variant of the L allele (L(A)) produces high levels of mRNA and that the G variant (L(G)) is equivalent to the S allele. Our aims were to compare the frequency of 5-HTTLPR alleles in 94 depressed patients who attempted suicide compared to 94 controls free of psychiatric disorder, including the embedded SNP rs25531. Using the biallelic classification, our sample contained 62 (33%) LL, 76 (40.4%) LS, and 50 (26.6%) SS individuals. Using the functional classification system, our sample contained 43 (22.5%) L'L', 84 (44.7%) L'S', and 61 (32.4%) S'S' individuals, with no significant differences between cases and controls in genotypic tests in either biallelic (chi(2)=2.543; df=2; p=0.280) and functional models (chi(2)=2.995; df=2; p=0.228). The minor allele frequency (MAF) - the S allele - did not show any distributional difference between cases and controls using biallelic classification system 0.51 vs. 0.43, (OR=1.41; CI95% 0.94 to 2.12; p=0.121). Also the S' allele of the functional classification system did not show any distributional difference between the two groups 0.59. vs. 0.51 (OR=1.35; CI95% 0.90 to 2.03; p=0.178). This study provided the possibility of a re-analysis of novell 5-HTTLPR functional variants identified within L allele that alters its mRNA production and thus changes its functionality. We could not find any association between both biallelic and functional 5-HTTLPR in depressed patients with suicide attempt, being the small sample size an important limitation for these results. In conclusion, we can suggest that despite the several studies in this issue, the exact effect and role of 5-HTTLPR in genetics of suicide is still unclear and should be better investigated for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Segal
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Brazil
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