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Huang WC, Shu LH, Kuo YJ, Lai KSL, Hsia CW, Yen TL, Hsia CH, Jayakumar T, Yang CH, Sheu JR. Eugenol Suppresses Platelet Activation and Mitigates Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Humans and Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2098. [PMID: 38396774 PMCID: PMC10888574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets assume a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), emphasizing their significance in disease progression. Consequently, addressing CVDs necessitates a targeted approach focused on mitigating platelet activation. Eugenol, predominantly derived from clove oil, is recognized for its antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, rendering it a valuable medicinal agent. This investigation delves into the intricate mechanisms through which eugenol influences human platelets. At a low concentration of 2 μM, eugenol demonstrates inhibition of collagen and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced platelet aggregation. Notably, thrombin and U46619 remain unaffected by eugenol. Its modulatory effects extend to ATP release, P-selectin expression, and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i). Eugenol significantly inhibits various signaling cascades, including phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)/protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)/thromboxane A2 (TxA2) formation induced by collagen. Eugenol selectively inhibited cPLA2/TxA2 phosphorylation induced by AA, not affecting p38 MAPK. In ADP-treated mice, eugenol reduced occluded lung vessels by platelet thrombi without extending bleeding time. In conclusion, eugenol exerts a potent inhibitory effect on platelet activation, achieved through the inhibition of the PLCγ2-PKC and cPLA2-TxA2 cascade, consequently suppressing platelet aggregation. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic applications of eugenol in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Lan-Hsin Shu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Kevin Shu-Leung Lai
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111, Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (Y.-J.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Huang CJ, Huang WC, Lin WT, Shu LH, Sheu JR, Tran OT, Hsia CW, Jayakumar T, Bhavan PS, Hsieh CY, Chang CC. Rutaecarpine, an Alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa, Can Prevent Platelet Activation in Humans and Reduce Microvascular Thrombosis in Mice: Crucial Role of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signal Axis through a Cyclic Nucleotides/VASP-Independent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011109. [PMID: 34681769 PMCID: PMC8537152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of activated platelets in acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well established. Therefore, antiplatelet drugs significantly reduce the risk of severe CVDs. Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu-Chu-Yu) is a well-known Chinese medicine, and rutaecarpine (Rut) is a main bioactive component with substantial beneficial properties including vasodilation. To address a research gap, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of Rut in washed human platelets and experimental mice. At low concentrations (1–5 μM), Rut strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, whereas it exerted only a slight or no effect on platelets stimulated with other agonists (e.g., thrombin). Rut markedly inhibited P-selectin expression; adenosine triphosphate release; [Ca2+]i mobilization; hydroxyl radical formation; and phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation stimulated by collagen. SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) did not reverse Rut-mediated antiplatelet aggregation. Rut was not directly responding to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Rut significantly increased the occlusion time of fluorescence irradiated thrombotic platelet plug formation. The findings demonstrated that Rut exerts a strong effect against platelet activation through the PLCγ2/PKC and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. Thus, Rut can be a potential therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Lan-Hsin Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Oanh-Thi Tran
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | | | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3194) (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3194) (C.-Y.H.)
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Wu X, Cao YS, Gao LG, Shu LH. EEG characteristics of healthy adults living at higher elevations. Clin Electroencephalogr 1992; 23:52-7. [PMID: 1733623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
EEG data from 400 healthy adult volunteers in the Xining area (with an altitude of 2260 meters) are summarized to show changes in indices of waves, frequencies and amplitude. Analysis and observations were made for tests of eyes open-close, acoustic stimulation and hyperventilation. Differences in EEGs were compared between males and females of various age groups, and between adults living at the higher elevations in Xining and those living on the plains in the Beijing area (altitude 40 meters). Comparisons showed that EEG characteristics of healthy adults at the higher altitude were: an increase in the incidence of abnormality, a decrease of alpha indices, an increase in the number of slow waves, the appearance of spikes and sharp waves, and a reduction in the level of sensitivity to activation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Beijing Medical University, China
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Cao YS, Wu X, Gao LG, Shu LH. EEG characteristics of healthy adults in plateaus. Chin Med J (Engl) 1990; 103:493-6. [PMID: 2119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper covers the EEG data of 400 adult cases in Xining area (where the altitude is 2,260 meters), with a lot of statistics of the changes in the indexes of waves, frequencies and amplitude. And, analysis and observation were made in the tests of open-close eyes, acoustic stimulation and hyperventilation. Besides, we compared the differences of EEG between males and females of different age, and between adults living on the plateau and those living in the plain of Beijing area. We found that the EEG of healthy adults on the plateau showed the following characteristics: increase of abnormal rate, decrease of alpha indexes, increase of the number of slow waves, appearance of spike and sharp waves, and reduction of the level of sensitivity in evoked tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cao
- Qinghai Psychiatry Hospital, Xining
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