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Neelakantan L, Fry D, Florian L, Meinck F. Adolescents' Experiences of Participating in Sensitive Research: A Scoping Review of Qualitative Studies. Trauma Violence Abuse 2023; 24:1405-1426. [PMID: 35044869 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211069072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing emphasis on adolescents' participation rights, there are concerns about their participation in research on sensitive topics, such as trauma and violence. This review reports findings of a scoping review that examined the nature and extent of qualitative studies conducted with adolescents about their experiences of participating in research on sensitive topics. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases and grey literature and reported on qualitative and mixed-methods studies eliciting adolescents' experiences of participating in research on sensitive topics. Seventeen (17) studies were included after screening 4426 records. The scoping review revealed significant adolescent benefits from participation, relating to positive emotions, skill acquisition and enhanced self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships. To a lesser extent, participants also experienced burdens relating to negative emotions, concerns about confidentiality and privacy and inconvenience of participation, which were mitigated by careful attention to research design and researcher engagement and training. Participants shared insights into their motivation to participate, and factors that impacted their experiences of research, such as ethical considerations, including consent procedures, safety and connection in research, study procedures and documentation and researcher characteristics. There were tangible benefits and some burdens involved in adolescents' participation in sensitive research. This review considers implications for research and practice, such as the need to regularly publish findings of consultations, assessing caregiver consent requirements, obtaining adolescent views on study documents and measures and building on existing research, differentiated by age, gender and dis/ability status, especially in diverse and under-represented regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Fry
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lani Florian
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Frier EM, Lin C, Reynolds RM, Allegaert K, Been JV, Fraser A, Gissler M, Einarsdóttir K, Florian L, Jacobsson B, Vogel JP, Zoega H, Bhattacharya S, Krispin E, Henning Pedersen L, Roberts D, Kuhle S, Fahey J, Mol BW, Burgner D, Schuit E, Sheikh A, Wood R, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Miller JE, Duhig K, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Hadar E, Wright J, Murray SR, Stock SJ. Consortium for the Study of Pregnancy Treatments (Co-OPT): An international birth cohort to study the effects of antenatal corticosteroids. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282477. [PMID: 36862657 PMCID: PMC9980789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are widely prescribed to improve outcomes following preterm birth. Significant knowledge gaps surround their safety, long-term effects, optimal timing and dosage. Almost half of women given ACS give birth outside the "therapeutic window" and have not delivered over 7 days later. Overtreatment with ACS is a concern, as evidence accumulates of risks of unnecessary ACS exposure. METHODS The Consortium for the Study of Pregnancy Treatments (Co-OPT) was established to address research questions surrounding safety of medications in pregnancy. We created an international birth cohort containing information on ACS exposure and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by combining data from four national/provincial birth registers and one hospital database, and follow-up through linked population-level data from death registers and electronic health records. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Co-OPT ACS cohort contains 2.28 million pregnancies and babies, born in Finland, Iceland, Israel, Canada and Scotland, between 1990 and 2019. Births from 22 to 45 weeks' gestation were included; 92.9% were at term (≥ 37 completed weeks). 3.6% of babies were exposed to ACS (67.0% and 77.9% of singleton and multiple births before 34 weeks, respectively). Rates of ACS exposure increased across the study period. Of all ACS-exposed babies, 26.8% were born at term. Longitudinal childhood data were available for 1.64 million live births. Follow-up includes diagnoses of a range of physical and mental disorders from the Finnish Hospital Register, diagnoses of mental, behavioural, and neurodevelopmental disorders from the Icelandic Patient Registers, and preschool reviews from the Scottish Child Health Surveillance Programme. The Co-OPT ACS cohort is the largest international birth cohort to date with data on ACS exposure and maternal, perinatal and childhood outcomes. Its large scale will enable assessment of important rare outcomes such as perinatal mortality, and comprehensive evaluation of the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Frier
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Chun Lin
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Reynolds
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration & Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper V. Been
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics / Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Gissler
- THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Knowledge Brokers, Helsinki, Finland
- Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristjana Einarsdóttir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lani Florian
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joshua P. Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helga Zoega
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharya
- Aberdeen Centre for Women’s Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Eyal Krispin
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Devender Roberts
- Family Health Division, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Kuhle
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - John Fahey
- Reproductive Care Program of Nova Scotia, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ben W. Mol
- Aberdeen Centre for Women’s Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Ritchie Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ewoud Schuit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Wood
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Public Health Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Miller
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Duhig
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Knowledge Brokers, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eran Hadar
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Murray
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Stock
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Neelakantan L, Fry D, Florian L, Silion D, Filip M, Thabeng M, Te K, Sunglao JA, Lu M, Ward CL, Baban A, Jocson RM, Alampay L, Meinck F. "What does that mean?": The content validity of the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool - Child version (ICAST-C) in Romania, South Africa, and the Philippines. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 134:105869. [PMID: 36137404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool (Children's Version), known as the ICAST-C Version 3, is used widely to assess violence against children, but there is limited psychometric evidence, especially on content validity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the content validity of the ICAST-C with adolescents in Romania, South Africa, and the Philippines. METHODS A purposive sample of adolescents (N = 53, 51 % female) were recruited from urban areas in Romania, the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, and Metro Manila, Philippines. Semi-structured one-on-one in-depth cognitive interviews sought adolescent perspectives on the relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness of the ICAST-C. Data were analysed using template analysis. RESULTS The ICAST-C was broadly perceived to be relevant and comprehensive in measuring violence against children in all study locations. However, there were issues with the comprehensibility of the measure, described at three levels: interpreting items, undertaking coherent elaborations of relevant behaviors and places, and generating a coherent response to the questions. CONCLUSIONS Suggestions to revise the ICAST-C include, among others, adding a practice or how-to section on answering the survey, clarifying the intent of questions, especially on neglect and sexual abuse, emphasizing that questions cover all locations, and asking more positive questions. Pilot studies testing the content validity and cultural appropriateness are needed as a matter of practice in large self-report surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Neelakantan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Deborah Fry
- Childlight - Global Institute for Child Safety, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lani Florian
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Doriana Silion
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania
| | - Madalina Filip
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania
| | | | - Kathlyn Te
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
| | | | - Mengyao Lu
- Childlight - Global Institute for Child Safety, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine L Ward
- Department of Psychology and Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania
| | - Rosanne M Jocson
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Liane Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, UK; OPTENTIA, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Fry D, Fang X, Elliott S, Casey T, Zheng X, Li J, Florian L, McCluskey G. The relationships between violence in childhood and educational outcomes: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2018; 75:6-28. [PMID: 28711191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to estimate the association globally between violence in childhood on educational outcomes, addressing a significant gap in the current evidence base. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted to identify 67 and 43 studies respectively from 21 countries to estimate the relationship between different types of violence in childhood on educational outcomes including school dropout/graduation, school absence, academic achievement and other educational outcomes such as grade retention, learning outcomes and remedial classes. Findings show that all forms of violence in childhood have a significant impact on educational outcomes. Children who have experienced any form of violence in childhood have a 13% predicted probability that they will not graduate from school. Males who are bullied are nearly three times more likely to be absent from school and girls who have experienced sexual violence have a three-fold increased risk of being absent, AOR 2.912, 95% CI (0.904-4.92) and AOR 3.147, 95% CI (0.033-4.57) respectively. Violence in childhood also has a significant impact on children's academic achievement on standardized tests. This study shows how different forms of violence in childhood contribute to inequalities in education-for both boys and girls and that an increased investment in prevention is needed in order to meet the global Sustainable Development Goals of ending violence, raising learning outcomes and creating safe, non-violent and inclusive learning environments. More work is also needed to further define, monitor and measure the link between violence in childhood and educational outcomes in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fry
- Moray House School of Education, Holyrood Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Xiangming Fang
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghuadong Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Public Health, 140 Decatur Street, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Stuart Elliott
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, Teviot Place, Central Campus, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK
| | - Tabitha Casey
- Moray House School of Education, Holyrood Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghuadong Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghuadong Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lani Florian
- Moray House School of Education, Holyrood Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Gillean McCluskey
- Moray House School of Education, Holyrood Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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