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Martin JF, Hewett L, Gordon LL, Lewis MC, Cluver A, Collins H. Do Gender Disparities Among Major Radiological Society Award Recipients Exist? Acad Radiol 2020; 27:987-995. [PMID: 31780394 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate gender representation among recipients of physician awards presented by major radiological societies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed records of distinguished awards recipients given by four major radiological societies from 2000 to 2018. Included awards were those intended for attending physician recipients primarily involved in clinical and educational work which recognized accomplishments over the course of a career. Awards were assigned into one of two categories: awards focused on education or awards focused on leadership or overall contributions. Primary outcome measure was total numbers and proportions of award recipients by gender. RESULTS During the entire study period, the proportion of female academic radiologists increased from 23.6% in 2000 to 29.6% in 2018 (25.4%). Of the 164 awards recognizing leadership or overall contributions, 35 were awarded to females (21.3%) and 129 to males (78.7%). Of the 29 awards recognizing excellence in teaching, 13 were awarded to females (44.8%) and 16 to males (55.2%). Men were significantly more likely than women to receive leadership awards over the entire study period (p < .001). CONCLUSION Females are underrepresented among recipients of prestigious leadership awards. In contrast, females are overrepresented among recipients of major teaching awards suggesting a general perception among members of major radiological societies that females are superior teachers and inferior leaders. This finding underscores the importance of continued improvement in female representation in radiology in order to foster a high quality teaching environment as well as continued attention to the fact that females are underrepresented in leadership roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Martin
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425.
| | - Lara Hewett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Leonie L Gordon
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Madelene C Lewis
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Abbie Cluver
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Heather Collins
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 210 CSB, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
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Leddy R, Irshad A, Hewett L, Collins H, Vento F, Ackerman S, Lewis M. Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Benign Breast Lesions Compared to Cancers: Should an Additional Lesion on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Responding Similar to Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy be Viewed with Suspicion? J Clin Imaging Sci 2016; 6:39. [PMID: 27833781 PMCID: PMC5041378 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.190899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determining the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on benign breast lesions and to evaluate their response in comparison to breast cancers. METHODS A retrospective analysis performed on breast cancer patients between 2008 and 2014 to identify patients who had a pre- and post-NAC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy-proven benign lesions. Pre- and post-NAC size and intensity of enhancement of benign lesions and cancers were measured. Breast glandularity and background enhancement were graded. A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVAs and Sidak post hoc tests were conducted for multiple comparisons. Paired t-tests were conducted to examine changes over time, and two-tailed P values were reported. RESULTS The effects of NAC in 38 cancers were compared to the effects of NAC in 47 benign lesions in these patients. From pre- to post-NAC, the mean size (cm) of malignant lesions on MRI decreased from 4.09 (±standard deviation [SD] 2.51) to 1.54 (±SD 2.32), (P < 0.001); the mean size (cm) of benign lesions decreased from 0.83 (±SD 0.54 cm) to 0.28 (±SD 0.51), (P < 0.001). Both benign and malignant lesions decreased in size after NAC, the size reduction in malignant lesions was significantly greater than benign lesions. From pre- to post-NAC, the mean lesion enhancement of the malignant lesions (scale 1-4) decreased from 3.43 (±SD 0.80) to 1.02 (±SD 1.34); the mean lesion enhancement of benign lesions decreased from 2.96 (±SD 1.04) to 0.98 (±SD 1.51). For both benign and malignant lesions, there was a significant overall reduction in enhancement after NAC from moderate at pre-NAC to minimal at post-NAC, P < 0.001. There was no overall difference in the enhancement of cancers (mean = 2.22, SD = 0.79) versus benign lesions (mean = 1.97, SD = 1.08), (P = 0.23). There was no significant change in glandularity from pretherapy (mean = 3.11, SD = 0.84) to posttherapy (mean = 3.13, SD = 0.82), P < 0.001. CONCLUSION Similar to cancers, benign breast lesions also show a significant decrease in size and enhancement after NAC; however, the decrease in size is less compared to cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Leddy
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Abid Irshad
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lara Hewett
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Heather Collins
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Frank Vento
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Susan Ackerman
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Madelene Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Hewett L, Lewis M, Collins H, Gordon L. Gender Bias in Diagnostic Radiology Resident Selection, Does it Exist? Acad Radiol 2016; 23:101-7. [PMID: 26620882 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there is a bias in the residency selection process that influences the proportion of females entering diagnostic radiology residencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 4117 applications to one diagnostic radiology residency program from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed. Invitations to interview were evaluated by each year, specifically looking at gender. Ranking of applicants, especially those placed in top 25% of the rank, was also assessed. Additional data analyzed included United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 board examination score (a proxy for academic performance), interview scores, and final position on rank list. RESULTS Female applicants averaged 24% of the total applicant pool during the years studied, yet made up a disproportionately high percentage of applicants invited to interview (30%) and those ranked in top 25% (38%). It was found that female applicants had slightly higher mean interview scores and lower Step 1 scores than male applicants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that program directors in one program want to increase gender diversity by making strides to keep the female candidate pool and the proportion of female residents in the program at least stable. The pipeline of female medical students pursuing a career in radiology appears to be a limiting factor rather than a bias against women in the resident selection process. Identifying such trends is important as it provides a better understanding of the etiology for an overall lack of gender diversity within the field. Furthermore, it may lead to closing the gender gap in radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Hewett
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Jonathan Lucas, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425.
| | - Madelene Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Jonathan Lucas, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Heather Collins
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Jonathan Lucas, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Leonie Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Jonathan Lucas, MSC 323, Charleston, SC 29425
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Cline A, Hewett L, Iverson E. Benefits of a Program Providing Recipes for Use of Donated Foods to Clients at Local Food Bank Distribution Centers. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Winchester J, Dick MB, Gillen D, Reed B, Miller B, Tinklenberg J, Mungas D, Chui H, Galasko D, Hewett L, Cotman CW. Walking stabilizes cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across one year. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 56:96-103. [PMID: 22959822 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AD is a public health epidemic, which seriously impacts cognition, mood and daily activities; however, one type of activity, exercise, has been shown to alter these states. Accordingly, we sought to investigate the relationship between exercise and mood, in early-stage AD patients (N=104) from California, over a 1-year period. Patients completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Blessed-Roth Dementia Rating Scale (BRDRS), while their caregivers completed the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YALE), Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Functional Abilities Questionnaire (FAQ). Approximately half of the participants were female, from a variety of ethnic groups (Caucasian=69.8%; Latino/Hispanic Americans=20.1%). Our results demonstrated that the patients spent little time engaged in physical activity in general, their overall activity levels decreased over time, and this was paired with a change in global cognition (e.g., MMSE total score) and affect/mood (e.g., POMS score). Patients were parsed into Active and Sedentary groups based on their Yale profiles, with Active participants engaged in walking activities, weekly, over 1 year. Here, Sedentary patients had a significant decline in MMSE scores, while the Active patients had an attenuation in global cognitive decline. Importantly, among the Active AD patients, those individuals who engaged in walking for more than 2 h/week had a significant improvement in MMSE scores. Structured clinical trials which seek to increase the amount of time AD patients were engaged in walking activities and evaluate the nature and scope of beneficial effects in the brain are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Winchester
- Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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Bonner L, Heirholzer R, Hewett L. Affect expressed in dementia patients' written sentences. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/15.8.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hewett L. Partnerships: the challenge for nursing. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1999; 5:34-7. [PMID: 10205499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Lee DH, Rogers JM, Sevick R, Hewett L, Eliasziw M, Dunlavy S, Girvin JP, Parrent A, Blume WT, McLachlan R, Wiebe S, Mackenzie IR, Munoz D. Technology assessment in Canada: comparison of magnetic field strength in the assessment of complex partial seizures. Acad Radiol 1996; 3 Suppl 1:S60-1. [PMID: 8796516 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(96)80486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Lee
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
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Vellet AD, Lee DH, Munk PL, Hewett L, Eliasziw M, Dunlavy S, Vidito L, Fowler PJ, Miniaci A, Amendola A. Anterior cruciate ligament tear: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of middle- and high-field-strength MR imaging at 1.5 and 0.5 T. Radiology 1995; 197:826-30. [PMID: 7480763 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.197.3.7480763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic efficacy of current-generation middle- and high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) imagers in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 114 of 230 patients referred for knee imaging, MR imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 T was performed with identical sequences but with a slightly longer total imaging time and bandwidth optimization at 0.5 T. Radiologists were blinded to diagnosis and field strength. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined, and ACL tear was confirmed by means of arthroscopy and pathology. RESULTS There was no difference between the field strengths in accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity for the diagnosis of ACL tears in 86 patients with disrupted ACLs and 28 patients with intact ACLs. Accuracy for all ACL tears was 90% at 0.5 T and 91% at 1.5 T. Similarly, there were no differences in diagnosis of meniscal tears (79 with, 149 without) or posterior cruciate ligament tears (seven with, 107 without). CONCLUSION Higher field strength does not confer higher accuracy in the diagnosis of ACL tears at MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Vellet
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lee DH, Vellet AD, Eliasziw M, Vidito L, Ebers GC, Rice GP, Hewett L, Dunlavy S. MR imaging field strength: prospective evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of MR for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis at 0.5 and 1.5 T. Radiology 1995; 194:257-62. [PMID: 7997564 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.194.1.7997564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the diagnostic efficacy of middle-field-strength and high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirty-two patients with suspected multiple sclerosis underwent MR imaging at 0.5 and 1.5 T. Imaging parameters were identical except for band width optimization at middle field strength. Images were interpreted by radiologists expert in MR imaging who were blinded to diagnosis and field strength. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made by experienced neurologists, and indeterminate cases and patients without clinical evidence of multiple sclerosis were followed up for 6 months to 1 year. RESULTS There was no difference in accuracy, sensitivity, or specificity between scanners in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis or white matter disease. Equal numbers of lesions were detected at both field strengths in all parts of the brain. Image quality was always good or adequate at middle field strength. CONCLUSION Higher field strength does not confer higher accuracy in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with current-generation MR imagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Lee
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, London, Ont, Canada
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