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Esterline ML, Armbrust L, Roush JK. A comparison of palpation guided and ultrasound guided percutaneous biceps brachii tenotomy in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare palpation guided and ultrasound guided techniques for biceps brachii tenotomy in dogs. The differences between the two tenotomy procedures in muscle incision length, confidence level of tenotomy, percentage tendon transection, difficulty of tendon location or transection, or amount of haemorrhage, were not significant. The ultrasound guided tenotomy procedure took significantly longer to perform and required a longer skin incision, but these differences were not considered to be clinically important. With palpation guided tenotomy, several surrounding muscular and tendinous structures were damaged. We concluded that ultrasound guided tenotomy is an accurate method of tendon identification because it allowed for complete transection in 10 out of 11 tendons, and provides a method for checking completeness of tendon transection after the procedure.
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Dorea HC, Cantwell HD, Read R, Armbrust L, Pool R, Roush JK, Boyle C, McLaughlin RM. Evaluation of healing in feline femoral defects filled with cancellous autograft, cancellous allograft or Bioglass. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryCancellous bone grafting is a widely accepted technique in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery. However, the use of autogenous bone graft is limited by the additional surgical time required to harvest the graft, the morbidity associated with the donor site, and the limited availability of cancellous bone, especially in feline patients. Various allografts and bone graft substitutes are available commercially but have not been fully evaluated for efficacy in the cat. The purpose of this study was to compare the incorporation of autogenous and allogenous cancellous bone graft and Bioglass®, a synthetic bone graft substitute, in femoral defects in cats. Four (4.0 mm diameter) defects were created in the lateral diaphyseal cortex of the left femur with an orthopaedic drill. In each femur, one of the cortical defects was filled with autogenous cancellous graft (harvested from the tibia), one was filled with allogenic cancellous graft, and one was filled with Bioglass. The fourth defect remained unfilled. Graft incorporation within the femoral defects was evaluated by radiographic evaluation every two weeks. Six weeks after the grafting procedure, the cats were euthanatized and high detailed radiography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), histopathology and histomorphometry of the defects were performed. Satisfactory bone healing was observed within all of the defects.
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Higginbotham ML, McCaw DL, Anderson DE, Lattimer JC, Armbrust L, Andrews GA, McBride BD. Treatment of a maxillary fibrosarcoma in an adult alpaca. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 246:674-80. [PMID: 25719850 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.6.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An approximately 5-year-old sexually intact male alpaca was evaluated because of a right-sided maxillary mass that had recurred after previous surgical debulking. CLINICAL FINDINGS Clinical, radiographic, and CT examination revealed an approximately 1.5-cm-diameter soft tissue mass associated with expansile osteolysis of the maxillary alveolar bone, beginning at the level of the right maxillary third premolar tooth extending caudally to the level of the rostral roots of the second molar tooth. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Right partial maxillectomy was performed, and histologic examination revealed an incompletely excised fibrosarcoma with osseous metaplasia. External beam radiation therapy to the tumor bed was initiated 1 month after surgery. Computerized planning was performed, and a total radiation dose of 48 Gy was prescribed in eleven 4.4-Gy fractions. Follow-up CT evaluations 6 and 58 weeks after radiation therapy was completed revealed no evidence of tumor recurrence. No clinical evidence of tumor recurrence was detected through 110 weeks after radiation therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The oral fibrosarcoma in the alpaca described here was successfully treated with surgical excision and adjuvant radiation therapy, resulting in excellent quality of life of the treated animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lynn Higginbotham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Meekins JM, Stuckey JA, Carpenter JW, Armbrust L, Higbie C, Rankin AJ. Ophthalmic Diagnostic Tests and Ocular Findings in a Flock of Captive American Flamingos ( Phoenicopterus ruber ruber). J Avian Med Surg 2015; 29:95-105. [PMID: 26115208 DOI: 10.1647/2014-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen adult captive American flamingos ( Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) (34 eyes) underwent a complete ocular examination, including assessment of menace response, pupillary light reflexes, dazzle reflex, palpebral and corneal reflexes, fluorescein staining, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy. Birds were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups for tear production and intraocular pressure measurements. Tear production was measured by modified Schirmer tear test I (n = 9 birds) or phenol red thread test (n = 8 birds), and intraocular pressure was measured indirectly by applanation (Tonopen-XL) (n = 9 birds) or rebound (TonoVet) (n = 8 birds) tonometry. Conjunctival swab samples were taken from one randomly selected eye of all 17 birds to identify surface ocular microbial flora via aerobic bacterial culture. Additionally, 3 of the 17 birds were anesthetized for bilateral B-mode ocular ultrasonography examination to obtain axial globe measurements. Results showed that the menace response and dazzle reflex were absent in all birds. Sixteen of the 17 birds were free of significant ocular disease; a small cataract and pigment on the anterior lens capsule were noted in one eye of one bird. Mean ± SD tear production was 12.3 ± 4.5 mm/min (range, 4-20 mm/min) for modified Schirmer tear test I and 24.2 ± 4.4 mm/15 s (range, 14-30 mm/15 s) for phenol red thread test. Modified Schirmer tear test I measurements were significantly lower than phenol red thread measurements (P < .001). Mean intraocular pressure was 16.1 ± 4.2 mm Hg (range, 7-22 mm Hg) for Tonopen and 9.5 ± 1.7 mm Hg (range, 7-13 mm Hg) for TonoVet. Tonopen measurements were significantly higher than TonoVet measurements (P < .001). An Enterococcus species (9/17 eyes; 53%) and a gram-positive coccus (7/17 eyes; 41%) were the bacteria most commonly isolated from conjunctival swab samples. Mean B-mode ultrasonographic globe measurements of 6 eyes (3 birds) were axial globe length, 13.8 ± 0.16 mm; anterior chamber depth, 1.75 ± 0.05 mm; lens thickness, 4.6 ± 0.06 mm; vitreous body depth, 6.95 ± 0.10 mm; and pecten dimensions, 5.1 ± 0.38 mm length, 2.2 ± 0.14 mm width. In summary, the prevalence of ocular lesions was low in this population of captive American flamingos. Results obtained from 2 types of tear and intraocular pressure measurement tests were significantly different, indicating that a single type of each diagnostic test should be consistently used. A modification of the standard Schirmer tear test or use of phenol red thread test is recommended due to the small flamingo eye.
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Vaske HH, Schermerhorn T, Armbrust L, Grauer GF. Diagnosis and management of feline hyperthyroidism: current perspectives. Vet Med (Auckl) 2014; 5:85-96. [PMID: 32670849 PMCID: PMC7337209 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s39985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous and ongoing research has provided insights to the pathophysiology and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism as well as new treatment modalities. This paper reviews the etiology, clinical presentation, and clinicopathologic changes associated with hyperthyroidism, and provides a thorough explanation of confirmatory testing and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H Vaske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Thomas Schermerhorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Laura Armbrust
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gregory F Grauer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Böttcher P, Armbrust L, Blond L, Brühschwein A, Gavin PR, Gielen I, Hecht S, Jurina K, Kneissl S, Konar M, Pujol E, Robinson A, Schaefer SL, Theyse LFH, Wigger A, Ludewig E. EFFECTS OF OBSERVER ON THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF LOW-FIELD MRI FOR DETECTING CANINE MENISCAL TEARS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2012; 53:628-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Böttcher
- From the Department of Small Animal Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
| | - Laura Armbrust
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Kansas State University
| | - Laurent Blond
- Département de Sciences Cliniques; Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Canada
| | - Andreas Brühschwein
- Clinic for Surgery and Reproduction in Small Animals; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich; Germany
| | - Patrick R. Gavin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Washington State University
| | - Ingrid Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging & Small Animal Orthopaedics; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Tennessee
| | | | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Department of Small Animals and Horses; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna; Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars F. H. Theyse
- Department Clinical Sciences Companion Animals; Division Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery; University Utrecht; Netherlands
| | - Antje Wigger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science; Clinic for Small Animal Surgery; Justus-Liebig-University Giessen; Germany
| | - Eberhard Ludewig
- From the Department of Small Animal Medicine; University of Leipzig; Germany
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Abstract
Differences exist in the ventrodorsal (VD) and dorsoventral (DV) radiographic views of the canine thorax. One view may be preferred over another because of how it portrays different areas of interest or different disease conditions. The VD view is indicated for evaluation of the cranial and caudal mediastinum, the caudal vena cava, and the accessory lung lobe, and in cases of pleural effusion. Indications for the DV view include assessment of a consistent cardiac silhouette, evaluation of the pulmonary lobar vessels, and evaluation of the structures of the dorsal thorax, such as hilar lymph nodes, the caudal dorsal lungs, trachea, mainstem bronchi, and left atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Lynn Brinkman
- Department of Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Esterline ML, Armbrust L, Roush JK. A comparison of palpation guided and ultrasound guided percutaneous biceps brachii tenotomy in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18:135-9. [PMID: 16594443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare palpation guided and ultrasound guided techniques for biceps brachii tenotomy in dogs. The differences between the two tenotomy procedures in muscle incision length, confidence level of tenotomy, percentage tendon transection, difficulty of tendon location or transection, or amount of haemorrhage, were not significant. The ultrasound guided tenotomy procedure took significantly longer to perform and required a longer skin incision, but these differences were not considered to be clinically important. With palpation guided tenotomy, several surrounding muscular and tendinous structures were damaged. We concluded that ultrasound guided tenotomy is an accurate method of tendon identification because it allowed for complete transection in 10 out of 11 tendons, and provides a method for checking completeness of tendon transection after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Esterline
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Dorea HC, McLaughlin RM, Cantwell HD, Read R, Armbrust L, Pool R, Roush JK, Boyle C. Evaluation of healing in feline femoral defects filled with cancellous autograft, cancellous allograft or Bioglass. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18:157-68. [PMID: 16594447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancellous bone grafting is a widely accepted technique in human and veterinary orthopaedic surgery. However, the use of autogenous bone graft is limited by the additional surgical time required to harvest the graft, the morbidity associated with the donor site, and the limited availability of cancellous bone, especially in feline patients. Various allografts and bone graft substitutes are available commercially but have not been fully evaluated for efficacy in the cat. The purpose of this study was to compare the incorporation of autogenous and allogenous cancellous bone graft and Bioglass, a synthetic bone graft substitute, in femoral defects in cats. Four (4.0 mm diameter) defects were created in the lateral diaphyseal cortex of the left femur with an orthopaedic drill. In each femur, one of the cortical defects was filled with autogenous cancellous graft (harvested from the tibia), one was filled with allogenic cancellous graft, and one was filled with Bioglass. The fourth defect remained unfilled. Graft incorporation within the femoral defects was evaluated by radiographic evaluation every two weeks. Six weeks after the grafting procedure, the cats were euthanatized and high detailed radiography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), histopathology and histomorphometry of the defects were performed. Satisfactory bone healing was observed within all of the defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Dorea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 39762, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate seven digital cameras for their ability to adequately capture quality radiographic images and their relative cost effectiveness. Radiographs of line pair (LP) phantoms (ranging from 0.6 to 16.6 LP/mm) and a 20-step contrast phantom were photographed at a near distance of 30.0 cm and a far distance (determined for each camera) at which a full 14 x 17 in film filled the viewfinder. Of the seven cameras tested, the Canon EOS-D30 consistently performed the best in LP/mm resolved (7.7 at close distance, 1.4 at far distance) and in contrast latitude (all 20 steps at both close and far distances). The Canon EOS-D30, determined to be the best camera used in this study for photographing radiographic images, is also the most expensive camera that was used. Two cameras, the Nikon Coolpix 995 and the Sony DSC-F707, were very close to the Canon in performance at considerably less cost. Certain inexpensive cameras may not be acceptable choices for teleradiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brault
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Abstract
An approximately 11-mo-old female giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) exhibited anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, depression, and minimal response to external stimuli. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed an enlarged heart, with free gas and fluid in the abdomen. Abdominocentesis produced a clear brown fluid with an acute to subacute septic suppurative exudate. Cardiac ultrasonography revealed a dilated, thin-walled left ventricle with a comparatively low fractional shortening. Despite intensive supportive care, the anteater died. Postmortem findings included gastric ulceration with perforation near the pylorus. Entameba spp. and Acanthamoeba spp. were both identified in large numbers at the site of the gastric ulceration and perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob L Coke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Ketz CJ, Radlinsky M, Armbrust L, Carpenter JW, Isaza R. Persistent right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in a white Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris). J Zoo Wildl Med 2001; 32:268-72. [PMID: 12790433 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0268:praaaa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-mo-old male white Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) presented with the chief complaint of regurgitation of solid food since weaning at 2 mo of age. Compared with its littermates, the tiger was in poor body condition and weighed only 10.3 kg when its littermates were estimated at 20-25 kg. Thoracic radiographs showed a megaesophagus cranial to the heart base. A contrast esophagram more clearly outlined the megaesophagus, and fluoroscopy demonstrated normal motility of the caudal esophagus. Endoscopic examination revealed a structure coursing dorsally from right to left over the esophagus and a constrictive band on the left of the esophagus at the heart base. Nonselective angiography confirmed the presence of a persistent right aortic arch, as well as an aberrant left subclavian artery. A left fourth intercostal thoracotomy was performed, and the ligamentum arteriosum was double ligated and divided. The left subclavian artery did not cause significant compromise of the esophagus and was not manipulated at surgery. The tiger recovered well from anesthesia and surgery. Solid food was slowly introduced over a 2-mo period without any regurgitation. The cub gained weight rapidly after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ketz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L Armbrust
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
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Spooner BS, DeBell L, Armbrust L, Guikema JA, Metcalf J, Paulsen A. Embryogenesis, hatching and larval development of Artemia during orbital spaceflight. Adv Space Res 1994; 14:229-238. [PMID: 11537922 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Developmental biology studies, using gastrula-arrested cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, were conducted during two flights of the space shuttle Atlantis (missions STS-37 and STS-43) in 1991. Dehydrated cysts were activated, on orbit, by addition of salt water to the cysts, and then development was terminated by the addition of fixative. Development took place in 5 ml syringes, connected by tubing to activation syringes, containing salt water, and termination syringes, containing fixative. Comparison of space results with simultaneous ground control experiments showed that equivalent percentages of naupliar larvae hatched in the syringes (40%). Thus, reactivation of development, completion of embryogenesis, emergence and hatching took place, during spaceflight, without recognizable alteration in numbers of larvae produced. Post-hatching larval development was studied in experiments where development was terminated, by introduction of fixative, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days after reinitiation of development. During spaceflight, successive larval instars or stages, interrupted by molts, occurred, generating brine shrimp at appropriate larval instars. Naupliar larvae possessed the single naupliar eye, and development of the lateral pair of adult eyes also took place in space. Transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive differentiation, including skeletal muscle and gut endoderm, as well as the eye tissues. These studies demonstrate the potential value of Artemia for developmental biology studies during spaceflight, and show that extensive degrees of development can take place in this microgravity environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Spooner
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-4901
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