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Grabowski K, Herlan L, Witten A, Qadri F, Eisenreich A, Lindner D, Schädlich M, Schulz A, Subrova J, Mhatre KN, Primessnig U, Plehm R, van Linthout S, Escher F, Bader M, Stoll M, Westermann D, Heinzel FR, Kreutz R. Cpxm2 as a novel candidate for cardiac hypertrophy and failure in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:292-307. [PMID: 34916661 PMCID: PMC8766285 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension-mediated cardiac damage with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure remains challenging. To identify novel targets, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis between genetic models derived from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Here, we identified carboxypeptidase X 2 (Cpxm2) as a genetic locus affecting LV mass. Analysis of isolated rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts indicated Cpxm2 expression and intrinsic upregulation in genetic hypertension. Immunostaining indicated that CPXM2 associates with the t-tubule network of cardiomyocytes. The functional role of Cpxm2 was further investigated in Cpxm2-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice exposed to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA). WT and KO animals developed severe and similar systolic hypertension in response to DOCA. WT mice developed severe LV damage, including increases in LV masses and diameters, impairment of LV systolic and diastolic function and reduced ejection fraction. These changes were significantly ameliorated or even normalized (i.e., ejection fraction) in KO-DOCA animals. LV transcriptome analysis showed a molecular cardiac hypertrophy/remodeling signature in WT but not KO mice with significant upregulation of 1234 transcripts, including Cpxm2, in response to DOCA. Analysis of endomyocardial biopsies from patients with cardiac hypertrophy indicated significant upregulation of CPXM2 expression. These data support further translational investigation of CPXM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Grabowski
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Herlan
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schädlich
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Subrova
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ketaki Nitin Mhatre
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Plehm
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie van Linthout
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT—Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Escher
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.486773.9Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy, IKDT GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Westermann
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 10178 Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 10178, Berlin, Germany.
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Schulz A, Müller NV, van de Lest NA, Eisenreich A, Schmidbauer M, Barysenka A, Purfürst B, Sporbert A, Lorenzen T, Meyer AM, Herlan L, Witten A, Rühle F, Zhou W, de Heer E, Scharpfenecker M, Panáková D, Stoll M, Kreutz R. Analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus in hypertensive rat models links Tmem63c to kidney damage. eLife 2019; 8:42068. [PMID: 30900988 PMCID: PMC6478434 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the genetic susceptibility of complex diseases such as chronic kidney disease remains challenging. Here, we used inbred rat models of kidney damage associated with elevated blood pressure for the comprehensive analysis of a major albuminuria susceptibility locus detected in these models. We characterized its genomic architecture by congenic substitution mapping, targeted next-generation sequencing, and compartment-specific RNA sequencing analysis in isolated glomeruli. This led to prioritization of transmembrane protein Tmem63c as a novel potential target. Tmem63c is differentially expressed in glomeruli of allele-specific rat models during onset of albuminuria. Patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis exhibited specific TMEM63C loss in podocytes. Functional analysis in zebrafish revealed a role for tmem63c in mediating the glomerular filtration barrier function. Our data demonstrate that integrative analysis of the genomic architecture of a complex trait locus is a powerful tool for identification of new targets such as Tmem63c for further translational investigation. The human kidneys filter the entire volume of the blood about 300 times each day. This ability depends on specialized cells, known as podocytes, which wrap around some of the blood vessels in the kidney. These cells control which molecules leave the blood based on their size. Normally large molecules like proteins are blocked, while smaller molecules including waste products, toxins, excess water and salts pass through into the urine. If this filtration system is damaged, by high blood pressure, for example, it can lead to chronic kidney disease. A hallmark of this disease, often called CKD for short, is high levels of the protein albumin in the urine. Previous studies involving rats with high blood pressure have found several regions of the genome that contribute to high levels of albumin in the urine, including one on chromosome 6. However, this region contains several genes and it was unclear which genes affected the condition. Schulz et al. set out to narrow down the list and find specific genes that might contribute to elevated albumin in the urine of rats with high blood pressure. This search identified the gene for a protein called TMEM63c as a likely candidate. This protein spans the outer membrane of podocyte cells. Analysis of kidney biopsies showed that patients with chronic kidney disease also had low levels of this protein in their podocytes. Further experiments, this time in zebrafish, showed that reducing the activity of the gene for tmem63c led to damaged podocytes and a leakier filter in the kidneys. The results suggest that this gene plays an important role in the integrity of the kidneys filtration barrier. It is possible that faulty versions of this gene are behind some cases of chronic kidney disease. If this proves to be the case, a better understanding of the role of this gene may lead to new treatments for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Victoria Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Electrochemical Signaling in Development and Disease, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Anne van de Lest
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidbauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei Barysenka
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Advanced Light Microscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodor Lorenzen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Herlan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rühle
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Emile de Heer
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Panáková
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Stoll
- Westfälische Wilhelms University, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Human Genetics, Münster, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Herlan L, Unland J, Langer S, Schulte L, Schütten S, García-Prieto CF, Kossmehl P, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Schulz A, Kreutz R. Development of progressive albuminuria in male Munich Wistar Frömter rats is androgen dependent. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:281-9. [PMID: 25969455 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rats develop spontaneous albuminuria that is linked to autosomal genetic loci and inherit a nephron deficit in both female and male animals, respectively. However, albuminuria and kidney damage are clearly more pronounced in males. Here we tested whether androgens and the androgen receptor influence albuminuria in male MWF. We first demonstrated in a pilot study that orchiectomy (Ox) of male MWF led to a significant suppression of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), while continuous testosterone supplementation in MWF Ox led to UAE levels similar to sham-operated (Sham) MWF rats. Subsequently, we performed a comparative main study between male MWF and normal Wistar rats to evaluate the effect of the androgen receptor on UAE development in adult animals up to the age of 18 wk. MWF Sham developed a marked increase in UAE compared with Wistar Sham (48.30 ± 6.16 vs. 0.42 ± 0.08 mg/24 h, P < 0.0001). UAE was significantly lower in MWF Ox compared with MWF Sham (-55%, P < 0.0001). In MWF Ox animals supplemented with testosterone and treated with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (OxTF) UAE at 18 wk was even lower compared with MWF Ox (-71%, P < 0.01) and similar to age-matched female MWF. The mRNA expression of renal tubular injury markers Kim1 and NGAL was increased in MWF Sham compared with Wistar Sham (P < 0.0008, respectively) and expression decreased significantly in MWF OxTF (P < 0.0004, respectively). Thus, the sexual dimorphism in albuminuria development in MWF can be attributed to testosterone and the androgen receptor in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herlan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Unland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Schulte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schütten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Concha F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Peter Kossmehl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angela Schulz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Schulz A, Herlan L, Schmidbauer M, Kreutz R. Abstract 520: Fine Mapping of Two Loci Within a Major Albuminuria QTL on Rat Chromosome 6 That Affect Both Albuminuria and Deficient Nephron Development in The Munich Wistar Frömter Rat. Hypertension 2013. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.62.suppl_1.a520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously confirmed in the Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat a functional role of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on rat chromosome (RNO)6 for both albuminuria development and an inherited nephron deficit in the consomic strain MWF-6SHR. We addressed the question whether an inherited nephron deficit is linked to the genetic basis of albuminuria and whether common genetic factors are responsible for both phenotypes in this rat model.
We generated congenic lines to dissect the RNO6-QTL using SHR rats with low albuminuria as a reference strain. Chromosomal fine mapping was performed by breeding of subcongenic lines, comparative genome analysis and physical mapping. The nephron number was determined by determination of the glomerular density in animals at 4 weeks of age; this method was validated by comparison with the absolute nephron numbers as determined by the physical fractionator method in parental strains.
Phenotyping of the congenic lines covering the RNO6-QTL demonstrated that both the albuminuria and the nephron locus were subdivided into at least two different colocalized informative loci. One interval defined by the congenic lines MWF.SHR-(D6Rat1-D6Rat81) and MWF.SHR-(D6Rat1-D6Rat117) covers 2.1 Mb and contains 26 known genes. Exchange of this locus had a strong impact on albuminuria at 8 weeks of age resulting in a decrease from 18.1 to 5.0 mg/24 h (p<0.0001) between the congenic strains and affected also the glomerular density (184 vs. 223 /mm
3
, p=0.0004). The second interval flanked by the congenic lines MWF.SHR-(D6Rat1-D6Rat117) and MWF.SHR-(D6Rat1-D6Mgh4) encompasses 2.8 Mb and contains 49 known genes. This interval influenced also albuminuria (decrease from 5.0 to 1.5 mg/24h, p=0.0001) and glomerular density (223 vs. 243 /mm
3
, p=0.008). These findings support the genetic link between albuminuria and nephron deficit in this model and provide the basis for further functional and comparative genomic analysis to obtain new insights into this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schulz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Herlan
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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