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Spahn C, Spangenberg L, Teismann T, Forkmann T, Schönfelder A, Schreiber D, Paashaus L, Stengler K, Glaesmer H. [Utilization of Outpatient Psychotherapy and Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment by Men and Women after Inpatient Treatment due to Suicide Attempt or Acute Suicidal Crisis]. Psychiatr Prax 2024; 51:99-103. [PMID: 37813362 DOI: 10.1055/a-2163-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strongest predictor of suicide attempts is a previous suicide attempt. Individuals hospitalized for suicidal ideation and behavior face an increased risk of suicide following discharge. This study investigates the extent to which outpatient treatment services are utilized the first 6 months after discharge and whether men and women differ in this regard. METHOD The study examines data of 124 individuals (with suicide attempts (lifetime), 59.7% female) on the use of outpatient treatment services in the 6 months after inpatient treatment. RESULTS 37.9% (N=47) of individuals reported not having used any treatment services at all. Men were significantly less likely to make use of the services. CONCLUSION Members of a group with an increased risk of suicide, to a large extent, fail to make use of outpatient treatment services. Discharge management should increasingly focus on (gender-specific) barriers and pave the way for treatment in outpatient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Spahn
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum für psychische Gesundheit, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Dajana Schreiber
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | | | - Heide Glaesmer
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
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Conrad K, Forkmann T, Schreiber D, Teismann T, Glaesmer H, Spangenberg L, Schönfelder A, Hallensleben N, Paashaus L, Juckel G, Höller I. Understanding suicidal ideation-a network analysis of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293026. [PMID: 37956124 PMCID: PMC10642825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identifying various interacting risk factors for suicidality is important to develop preventive measures. The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior (IPTS) postulates suicidal ideation resulting from the occurrence of Perceived Burdensomeness (PB) and Thwarted Belongingness (TB). Suicidal behavior ultimately occurs if people have a Capability for Suicide. In past studies, the validity of TB was often not empirically confirmed, questioning which of the aspects of TB are central and related to suicidal ideation and whether applied measurement methods adequately capture the construct. METHOD Using a sample of 3,404 individuals from different clinical and nonclinical settings, 30% (1,023) of whom reported suicidal ideation, two network analyses were conducted on the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) and a variable mapping suicidal ideation. RESULTS Analyses revealed that some items of the INQ were not related to suicidal ideation and the most central items did not have the strongest associations to suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Based on these results, a shortened version of the INQ with the four items that showed the strongest associations with suicidal ideation in the network analyses was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Conrad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dajana Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Faculty of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nina Hallensleben
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Charlotte Fresenius Hochschule, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Spangenberg L, Friedrich M, Forkmann T, Hallensleben N, Schönfelder A, Rath D, Paashaus L, Teismann T, Glaesmer H. Phenotyping suicidal ideation and behavior: Comparing clinical characteristics and future suicide attempts between suicidal subtypes in two clinical samples. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1940. [PMID: 36056837 PMCID: PMC9976598 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To further validate the concept of suicidal subtypes distinguished by indicators of suicidal thinking and behavior with regard to clinical characteristics and past and future suicide attempts. METHODS Psychiatric inpatients were assessed (study 1: ecological momentary assessments in 74 depressed inpatients with suicidal ideation; study 2: clinical assessments in 224 inpatients after a suicide attempt and over a 12-month follow-up period). Subtypes were identified using latent profile analysis (based on indicators of real-time suicide ideation) and latent class analysis (based on features of past suicide ideation and suicide attempt characteristics). Comparisons between subtypes included clinical characteristics (depression, suicidal ideation, trait impulsivity, childhood trauma) as well as past (study 1) and future (study 2) suicide attempts. RESULTS Suicidal subtypes emerged that are characterized by suicidal ideation means and stability and features of past suicidal behavior (four in study 1, three in study 2). The subtypes differed in terms of depression/suicidal ideation, but not in terms of trait impulsivity/childhood trauma. Although not significant, the subtypes "high-stable" and "low-moderate stable" reported multiple re-attempts more frequently during follow-up than the "low-stable" subtype in study 2. CONCLUSION Differences in clinical variables (and by trend in future suicide attempts) clearly point to the clinical relevance of suicidal subtypes (with variability of suicidal thoughts playing a particularly important role).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dajana Rath
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Spahn C, Kranz S, Teismann T, Forkmann T, Schönfelder A, Rath D, Paashaus L, Stengler K, Glaesmer H. Gender-Specific Aspects of Suicide-Related Communication in a High Risk Sample of Psychiatric Inpatients. J Mens Health 2022. [DOI: 10.31083/j.jomh1809188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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5
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Höller I, Rath D, Teismann T, Glaesmer H, Lucht L, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Defeat, entrapment, and suicidal ideation: Twelve-month trajectories. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:69-82. [PMID: 34142739 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defeat and entrapment have been highlighted in the development of suicidal ideation within the Integrated Motivational-Volitional model of suicidal behavior. Research suggests that entrapment has to be differentiated into internal and external entrapment. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between defeat, internal, external entrapment, and suicidal ideation within and prospectively over measurements. METHODS A sample of 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.92, SD = 14.30) was assessed for the four constructs after admission to a psychiatric ward and six, nine, and twelve months later. Multilevel analyses were conducted to examine associations. RESULTS Defeat was associated with (a change in) internal and external entrapment. Defeat predicted a change in internal entrapment over time. Defeat and internal, but not external, entrapment were associated with (a change in) suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment was able to predict suicidal ideation. Internal entrapment and defeat predicted a change in suicidal ideation over time. CONCLUSION Results highlight the importance to distinguish between internal and external entrapment, and their specific association with suicidal ideation. Perceptions of internal entrapment are of central relevance when experiencing suicidal ideation and should be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Lucht
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
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Roland L, Höller I, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Teismann T, Juckel G, Rath D. Suicidal behavior in the social environment: Does exposure moderate the relationship between an individual's own suicidal ideation and behavior? Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1309-1320. [PMID: 35005811 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behavior still cannot be sufficiently predicted. Exposure to suicidal behavior in the personal social environment is assumed to moderate the individual's transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior within the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior (IMV-model). This study aimed to investigate this moderating effect in a German high-risk sample. METHODS We interviewed 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.9, SD = 14.30) admitted after attempted suicide (53%) or due to an acute suicidal crisis (47%) regarding exposure events in their social environment. Four types of exposure events were analyzed using moderation analyses: familial suicides/suicide attempts, non-familial suicides/suicide attempts. Additionally, the numbers of reported exposure events were compared between patients with and without a recent suicide attempt as well as between patients with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime suicidal ideation. RESULTS Neither moderating effects of exposure events on the relationship between lifetime suicidal ideation and recent suicidal behavior nor group differences between suicidal ideators and suicide attempters regarding the exposure events were found. CONCLUSIONS Exposure events might have differential and possibly protective effects on suicidal behavior - depending on type and quality (intensity, personal relevance, and recency) of event - and on the outcome (suicide vs. suicide attempt).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Roland
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Rath D, Teismann T, Hoeller I, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Predicting suicidal ideation in a longitudinal high-risk sample: Multilevel analyses and 12-month trajectories. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:2353-2369. [PMID: 34126652 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that suicidal ideation (SI) results from perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Cross-sectional studies found associations with SI. This study examined the prospective prediction of SI. METHODS Three hundred and eight inpatients reporting severe SI or a recent suicide attempt were assessed four times within 12 months. The prediction of SI was examined using multilevel analyses, group comparisons, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, PB and TB were associated with SI. Prospectively, neither PB nor TB predicted SI. We found no autocorrelation of SI over time. Patients with persistent and fluctuating SI reported higher PB at T0. PB predicted the persistence of SI over 12 months. CONCLUSION Results emphasize cross-sectional associations between PB, TB, and SI. PB and TB could not predict the intensity of SI over time. SI did not predict itself over time. PB was associated with a persistent trajectory of SI over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inken Hoeller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Schönfelder A, Rath D, Forkmann T, Paashaus L, Lucht L, Teismann T, Stengler K, Juckel G, Glaesmer H. Child abuse and suicidality in the context of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide: A network analysis. Br J Clin Psychol 2021; 60:425-442. [PMID: 33949706 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is evidence for an association of child abuse with suicidality in the course of life, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) provides a theoretical framework to investigate this relationship. The present study examines how different subtypes of child abuse are related to suicidal ideation and to attempts in the context of the IPTS. METHODS 146 psychiatric inpatients (M = 37.9 years, 62% female) with an acute suicidal crisis (n = 71) or a recent suicide attempt (n = 74) were examined at baseline (T0) and six (T1) months later. We measured emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, the constructs of the IPTS (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and capability for suicide) and suicidal ideation as well as suicide attempts. Using the statistics program R, a network analysis of all named constructs was conducted. Centrality measures were computed. RESULTS Emotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in the network and had a direct relationship with suicide attempts and an indirect relationship with suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness. Physical and sexual abuse showed no significant relations with the different constructs of the IPTS. CONCLUSION The major limitation of this study was the modest sample size which reduced the number of variables able to be included in the network. Regarding child abuse, the results underline that emotional abuse plays a central role in this network and may be important for suicide risk assessment. Future research should address this topic in a larger sample. PRACTITIONER POINTS Emotional abuse was the most central kind of abuse in this network analysis. Sexual abuse was the only kind of abuse with a direct relation to suicidal ideation. Capability for suicide had just a marginal position in the network analysis. Early interventions addressing the effects of child abuse are recommended. Replications in larger samples and with more relevant variables are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Luise Lucht
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Katarina Stengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Helios Park Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Gauggel S, Beginn-Göbel U, Teismann T. Testing the Four Main Predictions of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behavior in an Inpatient Sample Admitted Due to Severe Suicidality. Behav Ther 2021; 52:626-638. [PMID: 33990238 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate four main predictions of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS): the importance of perceived burdensomeness (PB), thwarted belongingness (TB), hopelessness (H), and capability for suicide (CS) for (passive/active) suicide ideation, suicide intent and suicide attempts. N = 308 psychiatric inpatients admitted due to severe suicidality (53.6% female: n = 165; age: M = 36.82, SD = 14.30, range: 18-81) completed self-report measures of TB, PB, H, CS and suicide ideation as well as interviews on suicide intent and suicide attempts. TB and PB were associated with (passive/active) suicidal ideation, whereas the three-way interaction PB, TB, and H was not associated with active suicide ideation. Fearlessness about death in conjunction with active suicidal ideation was not associated with suicide intent and the interaction of PB, TB, and CS was neither predictive of recent suicide attempt status nor lifetime number of suicide attempts. Given the cross-sectional nature of the data, conclusions on causality should be handled carefully. The results challenge the theoretical validity of the IPTS and its clinical utility-at least within the methodological limitations of the current study. Yet, findings underscore the importance of PB in understanding suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dajana Rath
- University of Duisburg-Essen; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen
| | | | - Georg Juckel
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Siegfried Gauggel
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH, Aachen
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Rath D, Teismann T, Schmitz F, Glaesmer H, Hallensleben N, Paashaus L, Spangenberg L, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Predicting suicidal behavior by implicit associations with death? Examination of the death IAT in two inpatient samples of differing suicide risk. Psychol Assess 2021; 33:287-299. [DOI: 10.1037/pas0000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Paashaus L, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Teismann T. From decision to action: Suicidal history and time between decision to die and actual suicide attempt. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1427-1434. [PMID: 33687121 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of suicide attempts seem to be realized in a sudden manner. However, it is unclear how suicide attempters showing a rapid transition from the decision to die to acting differ from suicide attempters showing a slower transition regarding their suicidal history. The main aim of this study was to determine the proportion of suicide attempters, who reported a rapid transition (≤5, ≤10, ≤180 min) between their decision to die and their actual attempt. Furthermore, attempter groups (≤ vs. >5, ≤ vs. >10 and ≤ vs. >180 min) were compared regarding suicidal history (ideation, plans, and number of lifetime as well as 12 month suicide attempts) as well as depression, hopelessness and trait impulsivity. In total, 118 inpatients (62.7% female; age: M = 38.71, SD = 14.71) hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt were assessed using structured clinical interview measures assessing suicidal history and self-report instruments. Thirty-six percent reported a time period of ≤5 min, 44% a time period of ≤10 min and 73% a time period of ≤180 min between their decision to die and their attempt. Participants with a rapid transition (≤5, ≤10, ≤180 min) did not differ from participants with a slower transition (>5, >10, >180 min) regarding suicidal history, depression, hopelessness and trait impulsivity. Taken together, a rapid transition seems common, but nevertheless, rapidly realized suicide attempts cannot necessarily be characterized as impulsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Wannemueller A, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Moser D, Kumsta R, Teismann T. The role of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in acquired capability for suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1121-1126. [PMID: 32706152 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE According to the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide, capability for suicide comprises two dimensions: fearlessness about death and elevated pain tolerance. The short (S) allelic variant of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has repeatedly been associated with more violent and lethal suicide methods and lethality of suicide attempts. The current study aimed to investigate whether 5-HTTLPR allelic variants are associated with fearlessness about death and pain tolerance/persistence and whether it moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and acquired capability for suicide. METHOD A cohort of 208 inpatients hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt or severe suicidal ideation was genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and assessed for childhood maltreatment. Subjective pain tolerance and fearlessness about death as well as objective pain persistence was assessed using a pressure algometer. RESULTS Fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, and pain persistence did not differ between 5-HTTLPR genotypes. However, there was a significant correlation between self-reported childhood maltreatment and fearlessness about death that emerged exclusively in homozygous S-allele carriers. CONCLUSION Results suggest that there are no "high-risk"-alleles that generally increase capability for suicide. However, in terms of future suicide-related behaviors exposure to childhood maltreatment events could exert a particularly negative influence on homozygous S-allele carriers by increasing their fearlessness about death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Wannemueller
- Department of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kumsta
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Psychology, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Stengler K, Juckel G, Assion HJ, Teismann T. Interpersonal theory of suicide: prospective examination. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e113. [PMID: 32958092 PMCID: PMC7576651 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) is one of the most intensively researched contemporary theories on the development of suicidal ideation and behaviour. However, there is a lack of carefully conducted prospective studies. AIMS To evaluate the main predictions of the IPTS regarding the importance of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and capability for suicide in predicting future suicide attempts in a prospective design. METHOD Psychiatric in-patients (n = 308; 53.6% (n = 165) female; mean age 36.82 years, s.d. = 14.30, range 18-81) admitted for severe suicidal ideation (n = 145, 47.1%) or a suicide attempt completed self-report measures of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, capability for suicide, hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation as well as interviews on suicide intent and suicide attempts and were followed up for 12 months. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis were conducted. RESULTS The interaction of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and capability for suicide was not predictive of future suicide attempts, but perceived burdensomeness showed a significant main effect (z = 3.49, P < 0.01; OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.59-3.58) and moderate performance in screening for future suicide attempts (area under the curve AUC = 0.729, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results challenge the theoretical validity of the IPTS and its clinical utility - at least within the methodological limitations of the current study. Yet, findings underscore the importance of perceived burdensomeness in understanding suicidal ideation and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Stengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Helios Park Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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14
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Lucht L, Höller I, Forkmann T, Teismann T, Schönfelder A, Rath D, Paashaus L, Stengler K, Juckel G, Glaesmer H. Validation of the motivational phase of the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior in a German high-risk sample. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:871-879. [PMID: 32664028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior proposes in its motivational phase that perceptions of defeat and entrapment (total, internal and external entrapment) lead to the development of suicidal ideation and that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness moderate this process. The aim of this study was to test the motivational phase of the IMV model cross-sectionally in a German sample of psychiatric inpatients. METHODS A total of 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.92, SD = 14.30) were included in the study and investigated within 14 days after psychiatric admission due to suicide attempt (53%) or acute suicidal crisis (47%). Statistical analyses included a mediation analysis and moderation analyses. RESULTS Results demonstrate a simple mediation of defeat via entrapment (total, internal and external entrapment) on suicidal ideation. The interaction between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness was confirmed as a motivational moderator. LIMITATIONS Limiting factors of the present study are the cross-sectional design and the retrospective assessment of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION The main assumptions of the motivational phase of the IMV model could empirically be confirmed. Perceptions of defeat, internal and external entrapment, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness should be taken into account with regard to prevention, risk assessment and interventions of suicidal ideation and attempts. However, future investigations based on prospective data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lucht
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
| | - I Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - D Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - L Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - K Stengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Helios Park Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Juckel
- Research Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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15
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Schönfelder A, Rath D, Forkmann T, Paashaus L, Stengler K, Teismann T, Juckel G, Glaesmer H. Is the relationship between child abuse and suicide attempts mediated by nonsuicidal self‐injury and pain tolerance? Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:189-199. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Katarina Stengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Helios Park Hospital Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL‐University Hospital Ruhr‐University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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16
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Cwik JC, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Rath D, Prinz S, Juckel G, Teismann T. Validation of the German capability for suicide questionnaire (GCSQ) in a high-risk sample of suicidal inpatients. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:412. [PMID: 32819313 PMCID: PMC7439651 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ) was developed to measure fearlessness of death and pain tolerance - two constructs central to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Initial scale development, definition of the factor structure and confirmation of the two-dimensional factor structure was performed in samples suffering from relatively low levels of suicide ideation/behavior. The present study aimed to validate the German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ) in a high-risk sample of suicidal inpatients. METHODS Factor structure, reliability and validity were investigated in a sample of inpatients (N = 296; 53.0% female; age in years: M = 36.81, SD = 14.27) admitted to a hospital due to a recent suicide attempt or an acute suicidal crisis (in immediate need of inpatient treatment). To establish convergent validity, interview-based assessments of lifetime suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury as well as questionnaire-based assessments of painful and provocative events were used. Finally, stability of GCSQ-scores over a follow-up period of 12 months was assessed. RESULTS Results indicated good psychometric properties, and provided additional evidence for construct validity and stability of the subscales over a one-year period, and demonstrated adequate fit of the data with respect to the original factor structure. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the GCSQ is a brief, reliable, and valid measure of capability for suicide that can be used in clinic assessment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Cwik
- grid.6190.e0000 0000 8580 3777Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Prinz
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44787, Bochum, Germany.
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Spangenberg L, Teismann T, Forkmann T, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Paashaus L, Juckel G, Stengler K, Glaesmer H. Psychometrische Eigenschaften und Faktorstruktur der deutschen
Version der Beck-Suizidgedanken-Skala (BSS): Validierung an einer Stichprobe
psychiatrischer Patienten. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2020; 70:405-411. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1119-6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Dimensionalität, Reliabilität und
konvergente Validität der deutschsprachigen Beck Scale for Suicidal
Ideation (BSS) sollen erstmalig in einer klinischen Stichprobe untersucht
warden.
Methodik 308 stationäre Patienten nach Suizidversuch/mit
akuter Suizidalität wurden rekrutiert (53,6% weiblich); 224
füllten die vollständige BSS sowie weitere Fragebögen
für Depression (DESC), Hoffnungslosigkeit (BHS), interpersonale
Variablen (INQ) und Defeat (DS-d)/Entrapment (ES-d) aus. Neben
konfirmatorischen Faktoranalysen (CFA, Prüfung von Modellen mit 1, 2, 3
und 5 Faktoren) zur Dimensionalitätsprüfung wurden
Pearson-Korrelationen zur Bestimmung der konvergenten Validität
berechnet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt erzielt das 5-Faktoren-Modell den besten Fit; ohne
Berücksichtigung des RMSEA-Wertes ist der Modell-Fit zwischen den
verschiedenen Modellen allerdings vergleichbar. Im Rahmen der mehrfaktoriellen
Modelle entstehen inhaltlich vergleichbare Subskalen. Akzeptable interne
Konsistenzen zeigen sich nur für die Subskalen, die passive
Todeswünsche (α>0,80), aktive Suizidgedanken
(α>0,73) und suizidhandlungsbezogene Items
(α>0,70) erfassen. Der BSS-Summenscore sowie die Subskalen, die
passive bzw. aktive Suizidgedanken abbilden, korrelieren moderat mit DESC, BHS,
INQ und DS-d/ ES-d (r zwischen 0,25 und 0,66), während die
handlungsbezogene Subskala keine (INQ, Thwarted Belongingness) bzw. geringe
Assoziationen zeigt (r zwischen 0,14 und 0,27).
Schlussfolgerung Die CFAs liefern keinen eindeutigen Hinweis für
eine ein- oder mehrdimensionale Struktur der BSS. So ist die Auswertung
über den BSS-Summenwert trotz Hinweisen auf dessen Reliabilität
und konvergente Validität aus empirischer Sicht kritisch zu
bewerten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Spangenberg
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische
Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Dajana Rath
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische
Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Universität
Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Georg Juckel
- Abteilung für Psychiatrie, LWL-Universitätskrankenhaus,
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - Katarina Stengler
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie,
Helios Park-Klinikum Leipzig
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische
Soziologie, Universität Leipzig
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18
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Paashaus L, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Teismann T. Pain persistence and lethality of suicide attempts. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:542-547. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paashaus
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL‐University Hospital Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
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19
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Höller I, Teismann T, Cwik JC, Glaesmer H, Spangenberg L, Hallensleben N, Paashaus L, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Short defeat and entrapment scale: A psychometric investigation in three German samples. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 98:152160. [PMID: 32036078 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to validate the German version of the Short Defeat and Entrapment Scale (SDES). METHODS Validity and reliability were established in an online (N = 480), an outpatient (N = 277) and an inpatient sample (N = 296). Statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and group differences in defeat and entrapment. RESULTS For the online and the inpatient sample, the CFA indicated a two-factor solution, whereas for the outpatient sample both one- and two-factor solutions fitted the data equally well. Scale properties for the two-factor solution (defeat and entrapment subscale) were excellent. Thus, further analyses were based on this solution. For the online and the outpatient sample, suicidal ideators and suicide attempters scored significantly higher in defeat and entrapment than non-ideators and non-attempters. LIMITATIONS Limiting factors of the study were the different measures across the samples and the cross-sectional design of the study. CONCLUSION Though results were partly mixed, we found support for a two-factor solution of the instrument showing excellent psychometric properties in all three samples. The two-factor solution is further expected to have higher clinical utility than a one-factor solution. Suicidal ideators and suicide attempters in the online and outpatient sample showed higher scores in defeat and entrapment than non-ideators and non-attempters, emphasizing these two concepts as predictors for suicidal ideation. All in all, the present study supports the general validity and reliability of the SDES. However, future investigations based on prospective data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Höller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jan Christopher Cwik
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Nina Hallensleben
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Research Department of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Abstract
Abstract. Background: Suicide ideation is a prerequisite for suicide attempts. However, the majority of ideators will never act on their thoughts. It is therefore crucial to understand factors that differentiate those who consider suicide from those who make suicide attempts. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the role of protective factors in differentiating non-ideators, suicide ideators, and suicide attempters. Method: Inpatients without suicide ideation ( n = 32) were compared with inpatients with current suicide ideation ( n = 37) and with inpatients with current suicide ideation and a lifetime history of suicide attempts ( n = 26) regarding positive mental health, self-esteem, trust in higher guidance, social support, and reasons for living. Results: Non-ideators reported more positive mental health, social support, reasons for living, and self-esteem than suicide ideators and suicide attempters did. No group differences were found regarding trust in higher guidance. Suicide ideators and suicide attempters did not differ regarding any of the study variables. Limitations: Results stem from a cross-sectional study of suicide attempts; thus, neither directionality nor generalizability to fatal suicide attempts can be determined. Conclusion: Various protective factors are best characterized to distinguish ideators from nonsuicidal inpatients. However, the same variables seem to offer no information about the difference between ideators and attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Paula Siegmann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrike Willutzki
- Department for Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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21
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Paashaus L, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Juckel G, Rath D, Schönfelder A, Engel P, Teismann T. Do suicide attempters and suicide ideators differ in capability for suicide? Psychiatry Res 2019; 275:304-309. [PMID: 30953875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Suicide ideation is a prerequisite for suicide attempts. However, the majority of ideators will never act on their thoughts. It is therefore crucial to understand what differentiates those who consider suicide from those who attempt suicide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of different aspects of capability for suicide (fearlessness about death, subjective pain tolerance, objective pain persistence) in differentiating suicide ideators from suicide attempters, single attempters from multiple attempters and recent attempters from distant attempters. A total of 308 psychiatric inpatients (53.6% female; age: M=36.92, SD=14.30) suffering from suicide ideation with or without lifetime suicide attempts were compared regarding fearlessness about death, subjective pain tolerance and objective pain persistence (assessed with a pressure algometer). No differences in fearlessness about death, subjective pain tolerance and objective pain persistence were found in suicide ideators vs. attempters, single vs. multiple attempters and recent vs. distant attempters. It might be presumed that fearlessness about death, subjective pain tolerance and objective pain persistence do not offer useful information for the differentiation between suicide ideators and attempters, however, there are several limitations to take into account. Further effort is needed to understand more clearly what differentiates suicide ideators from suicide attempters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paashaus
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Dajana Rath
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Engel
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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22
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Schönfelder A, Forkmann T, Teismann T, Rath D, Paashaus L, Glaesmer H. Welchen Einfluss haben Missbrauchserfahrungen in der Kindheit auf die Capability for Suicide? Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schönfelder
- Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - T Forkmann
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - T Teismann
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychologie, Arbeitseinheit Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - D Rath
- Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - L Paashaus
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychologie, Arbeitseinheit Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - H Glaesmer
- Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Leipzig, Deutschland
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