1
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D'Ambrosio M, Bigagli E, Cinci L, Gencarelli M, Chioccioli S, Biondi N, Rodolfi L, Niccolai A, Zambelli F, Laurino A, Raimondi L, Tredici MR, Luceri C. Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 Mitigates Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome and Promotes Visceral Fat Browning through β3-Adrenergic Receptor/UCP1 Signaling. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050303. [PMID: 37233497 DOI: 10.3390/md21050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) may represent the best transition phase to start treatments aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk factors of MetS. In this study, we investigated the effects of the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 (T. lutea) on cardiometabolic components of pre-MetS and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were fed a standard (5% fat) or a high-fat diet (20% fat) supplemented or not with 5% of T. lutea or fenofibrate (100 mg/Kg) for 3 months. Like fenofibrate, T. lutea decreased blood triglycerides (p < 0.01) and glucose levels (p < 0.01), increased fecal lipid excretion (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) without affecting weight gain. Unlike fenofibrate, T. lutea did not increase liver weight and steatosis, reduced renal fat (p < 0.05), diastolic (p < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05). In visceral adipose tissue (VAT), T. lutea, but not fenofibrate, increased the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3ADR) (p < 0.05) and Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) (p < 0.001) while both induced glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) protein expression (p < 0.001) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β gene expression (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis on VAT whole-gene expression profiles showed that T. lutea up-regulated energy-metabolism-related genes and down-regulated inflammatory and autophagy pathways. The multitarget activity of T. lutea suggests that this microalga could be useful in mitigating risk factors of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia Chioccioli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Natascia Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Rodolfi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
- Fotosintetica & Microbiologica S.r.l., Via di Santo Spirito 14, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Niccolai
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Zambelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario R Tredici
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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2
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Medici F, Puglisi A, Rossi S, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. Stereoselective [2 + 2] photodimerization: a viable strategy for the synthesis of enantiopure cyclobutane derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2899-2904. [PMID: 36939196 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photodimerization of cinnamic acid derivatives to afford enantiopure cyclobutanes has been investigated. The use of a chiral auxiliary represents a convenient and straightforward method to exert enantiocontrol on the reaction. By exploiting Evans oxazolidinones, the stereoselective light-driven cyclisation affords a functionalised cyclobutane ring with up to 99% enantiocontrol after removing the chiral auxiliary. In-flow experiments allowed us to improve further the efficiency of the methodology, leading to high conversion and excellent enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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3
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Boselli MF, Intini N, Puglisi A, Raimondi L, Rossi S, Benaglia M. Enantioselective Catalytic Addition of N‐Acyl Radicals: In Batch and In Flow Organophotoredox α−Amination of Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niccolò Intini
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chimica ITALY
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chimica ITALY
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chimica ITALY
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Chimica ITALY
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Università degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via Golgi 19 20133 Milano ITALY
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4
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Medici F, Montinari F, Donato E, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. A convenient protocol for a zinc-catalysed synthesis of electron-poor indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Medici F, Resta S, Puglisi A, Rossi S, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. Electrochemical Organic Synthesis of Electron-Rich Biaryl Scaffolds: An Update. Molecules 2021; 26:6968. [PMID: 34834060 PMCID: PMC8618477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biaryl scaffolds are widely spread in biologically important natural products, in numerous therapeutic agents, but they are also considered a privileged class of ligands and (organo)catalysts; therefore, the development of efficient alternative methodologies to prepare such compounds is always attracting much attention. The present review discusses the organic electrosynthesis of biaryls starting from phenols, anilines, naphthols, and naphthylamines. The most significant examples of the works reported in the last decade are presented and classified according to the single class of molecules: after the introduction, the first three sections relate to the reactions of phenols, naphthols, and anilines, respectively; the other two sections refer to cross-coupling and miscellaneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (S.R.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.R.); (A.P.); (S.R.); (L.R.)
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6
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Guerra F, La Rosa P, Guerra F, Raimondi L, Marinozzi S, Miatto I, Vergati D, Ndokaj A, Gasperini N, Corridore D, Nardi GM, Mazur M, La Torre G, Ottolenghi L. Risk Management for a Legally Valid Informed Consent. Clin Ter 2021; 172:484-488. [PMID: 34625782 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2021.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gelli-Bianco law (Law no. 24/2017) intervenes both in order to divide healthcare liability between the healthcare professional and the facility in which he/she exercises and to incentivize the latter to adopt an organizational model suitable for managing the risk associated with the provision of any healthcare service, including the information for consent. In fact, the healthcare facility must guarantee clear, complete and adequate information on the specific case, which, therefore, cannot consist of standard forms to be signed by the patient, under penalty of a flawed consent to treatment and consequent healthcare liability in the event of an adverse event. The regulation mandates that safety must be guaranteed through proper prevention tools and health care risk management, in con-junction with the most effective use of structural, technological and organizational resources available. It further spells out the obligation of health care professionals to contribute to risk prevention while administering health care procedures. For this reason, the consent information constitutes a source of risk for the responsibility of the healthcare provider and the Facility and it must necessarily be managed. Risk Management is the management tool that can allow the healthcare facility to improve the quality and safety of the services provided, optimizing the risk of adverse events through proper moni-toring of the same. This paper will be published, following a special agreement, on the two journals "Igiene e Sanità Pubblica" and "La Clinica Tera-peutica", in Italian and in English, in order to increase the diffusion to a wider audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - P La Rosa
- Dottore in Fisica, Esperto in Radioprotezione e Sicurezza, Consulente di Risk Management- Roma, Italy
| | - F Guerra
- Avvocato del Foro di Roma, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico- Chirurgiche e di Biotecnologie- Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - S Marinozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare - Unità di storia della medicina e Bioetica - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - I Miatto
- Dottore in Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche Assistenziali, Roma, Italy
| | - D Vergati
- Dottore in Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche Assistenziali, Roma, Italy
| | - A Ndokaj
- Odontoiatra e Dottore di ricerca, Roma, Italy
| | | | - D Corridore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - G M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - M Mazur
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - G La Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pub-blica e Malattie Infettive- Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - L Ottolenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali - Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
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7
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Medici F, Resta S, Presenti P, Caruso L, Puglisi A, Raimondi L, Rossi S, Benaglia M. Stereoselective Visible‐Light Catalyzed Cyclization of Bis(enones): A Viable Approach to the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Cyclopentane Rings. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Simonetta Resta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Piero Presenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Lucia Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
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8
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Raimondi L, Rossi L, Cimino G, Gozzi E. Astonishing response to Cetuximab in metastatic nasopharyn- geal carcinoma: a case report. Clin Ter 2021; 172:260-263. [PMID: 34247206 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2021.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, one of the most common head and neck cancers in Southeast Asia, is uncommon in Western countries and it is frequently diagnosed in advanced stage. Chemotherapy given with radiation therapy, followed by more chemotherapy, is the standard of care of stage IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma but Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor (EGFR) inhibitor, is now making its way in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report a case of 58 years old patient with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma with an astonishing response to Cetuximab. At the time of writing, the patient is still in treatment with Cetuximab with excellent disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raimondi
- Oncology - ASL Latina, District 1, University of Rome "Sapienza," Aprilia (LT), Italy
| | - L Rossi
- Oncology - ASL Latina, District 1, University of Rome "Sapienza," Aprilia (LT), Italy
| | - G Cimino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapienza Uni-versity of Rome, Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Rome, Italy
| | - E Gozzi
- Oncology - ASL Latina, District 1, University of Rome "Sapienza," Aprilia (LT), Italy
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9
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Guerra F, Guzzo AS, La Rosa P, Miatto I, Vergati D, Miredi F, Gasparrini N, Guerra F, Raimondi L, Corridore D, Nardi GM, Mazur M, La Torre G, Ottolenghi L. Risk management and Healthcare responsibility. How to guarantee legal protection in Medicine. Clin Ter 2021; 171:e63-e66. [PMID: 33346331 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2021.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Having regard to the increasing attention to the issue of safety and health of patients and workers by low, the hypothesis that this topic will be the growing trend in the next years does not seem to be manifestly unfounded. For this reason, it is wise for healthcare professionals to already be aware that any violation of the interests underlying the legislation in question entails a ruling on civil and/or criminal liability. It is therefore necessary to identify the most suitable means to prevent undue harm occurring, partly to exempt healthcare professionals and hospitals from compensation costs, thereby providing them with recourse to insurance coverage. Healthcare facility organisations must adopt Risk Management techniques as a tool to simultaneously guarantee the effectiveness of health services (in this case), the efficiency of the management economy, and finally compliance with all legally required precautions. This will relegate the occurrence of an adverse event to remote and unpredictable hypotheses, thus guaranteeing useful recourse to insurance coverage to compensate any harm that does occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Faccial
| | - A S Guzzo
- Risk Manager AUO Policlinico Umberto1 Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - P La Rosa
- Dottore in Fisica, Esperto in Sicurezza, Consulente di Risk Management
| | - I Miatto
- Dottore in Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche Assistenziali
| | - D Vergati
- Dottore in Scienze delle Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche Assistenziali
| | | | | | | | - L Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico- Chirurgiche e di Biotecnologie
| | - D Corridore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Faccial
| | - G M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Faccial
| | - M Mazur
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Faccial
| | - G La Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive
| | - L Ottolenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Faccial
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10
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Raimondi L, Montebello M, Corica F, Ciracì P, Spinelli G. 106P Predicting response to pembrolizumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Clinical usefulness of peripheral lymphocyte-monocyte ratio and baseline FDG-uptake. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(21)01948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Raimondi L, Parini A. Editorial: Inflammatory Cells in the Sick Heart and Adipose Tissue: Novel Targets for Old and New Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612228. [PMID: 33633577 PMCID: PMC7901942 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Inserm U1048, Tolouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Annunziatina Laurino,
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Buci
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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Benaglia M, Faverio C, Boselli MF, Raimondi L. Ammonia–Borane-Mediated Reduction of Nitroalkenes. SynOpen 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAmmonia borane (AB) has been successfully employed in the reduction of nitroalkenes. A variety of nitrostyrenes and alkyl-substituted nitroalkenes were chemoselectively reduced to the corresponding nitroalkanes, in short reaction time, with an atom-economic, simple experimental procedure that also works with α- and β-substituted nitroolefins.
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14
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Raimondi L, Pietranera M, Spinelli G. 335P Resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors: Clinical practice use of liquid biopsy to identify KRAS-mutations in ctDNA and overexpression of CDK9 in plasma derived exosomes. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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Gencarelli M, Laurino A, Landucci E, Buonvicino D, Mazzantini C, Chiellini G, Raimondi L. 3-Iodothyronamine Affects Thermogenic Substrates' Mobilization in Brown Adipocytes. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:biology9050095. [PMID: 32375297 PMCID: PMC7285105 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) on thermogenic substrates in brown adipocytes (BAs). BAs isolated from the stromal fraction of rat brown adipose tissue were exposed to an adipogenic medium containing insulin in the absence (M) or in the presence of 20 nM T1AM (M+T1AM) for 6 days. At the end of the treatment, the expression of p-PKA/PKA, p-AKT/AKT, p-AMPK/AMPK, p-CREB/CREB, p-P38/P38, type 1 and 3 beta adrenergic receptors (β1–β3AR), GLUT4, type 2 deiodinase (DIO2), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) were evaluated. The effects of cell conditioning with T1AM on fatty acid mobilization (basal and adrenergic-mediated), glucose uptake (basal and insulin-mediated), and ATP cell content were also analyzed in both cell populations. When compared to cells not exposed, M+T1AM cells showed increased p-PKA/PKA, p-AKT/AKT, p-CREB/CREB, p-P38/P38, and p-AMPK/AMPK, downregulation of DIO2 and β1AR, and upregulation of glycosylated β3AR, GLUT4, and adiponectin. At basal conditions, glycerol release was higher for M+T1AM cells than M cells, without any significant differences in basal glucose uptake. Notably, in M+T1AM cells, adrenergic agonists failed to activate PKA and lipolysis and to increase ATP level, but the glucose uptake in response to insulin exposure was more pronounced than in M cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that BAs conditioning with T1AM promote a catabolic condition promising to fight obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gencarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniela Buonvicino
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Costanza Mazzantini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (D.B.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-554-278-375
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16
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Coppini R, Santini L, Palandri C, Sartiani L, Cerbai E, Raimondi L. Pharmacological Inhibition of Serine Proteases to Reduce Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1420. [PMID: 31956307 PMCID: PMC6951407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation correlates with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thrombogenesis. Systemic inflammation alters vessel permeability, allowing inflammatory and immune cell migration toward target organs, including the heart. Among inflammatory cells infiltrating the atria, macrophages and mast cell have recently attracted the interest of basic researchers due to the pathogenic mechanisms triggered by their activation. This chemotactic invasion is likely implicated in short- and long-term changes in cardiac cell-to-cell communication and in triggering fibrous tissue accumulation in the atrial myocardium and electrophysiological re-arrangements of atrial cardiomyocytes, thus favoring the onset and progression of AF. Serine proteases are a large and heterogeneous class of proteases involved in several processes that are important for cardiac function and are involved in cardiac diseases, such as (i) coagulation, (ii) fibrinolysis, (iii) extracellular matrix degradation, (iv) activation of receptors (i.e., protease-activated receptors [PPARs]), and (v) modulation of the activity of endogenous signals. The recognition of serine proteases substrates and their involvement in inflammatory/profibrotic mechanisms allowed the identification of novel cardio-protective mechanisms for commonly used drugs that inhibit serine proteases. The aim of this review is to summarize knowledge on the role of inflammation and fibrosis as determinants of AF. Moreover, we will recapitulate current findings on the role of serine proteases in the pathogenesis of AF and the possible beneficial effects of drugs inhibiting serine proteases in reducing the risk of AF through decrease of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. These drugs include thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors (used as oral anticoagulants), dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, used for type-2 diabetes, as well as novel experimental inhibitors of mast cell chymases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Coppini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Santini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Palandri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Bencivenga F, Mincigrucci R, Capotondi F, Foglia L, Naumenko D, Maznev AA, Pedersoli E, Simoncig A, Caporaletti F, Chiloyan V, Cucini R, Dallari F, Duncan RA, Frazer TD, Gaio G, Gessini A, Giannessi L, Huberman S, Kapteyn H, Knobloch J, Kurdi G, Mahne N, Manfredda M, Martinelli A, Murnane M, Principi E, Raimondi L, Spampinati S, Spezzani C, Trovò M, Zangrando M, Chen G, Monaco G, Nelson KA, Masciovecchio C. Nanoscale transient gratings excited and probed by extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw5805. [PMID: 31360768 PMCID: PMC6660206 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in developing ultrafast coherent sources operating at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray wavelengths allow the extension of nonlinear optical techniques to shorter wavelengths. Here, we describe EUV transient grating spectroscopy, in which two crossed femtosecond EUV pulses produce spatially periodic nanoscale excitations in the sample and their dynamics is probed via diffraction of a third time-delayed EUV pulse. The use of radiation with wavelengths down to 13.3 nm allowed us to produce transient gratings with periods as short as 28 nm and observe thermal and coherent phonon dynamics in crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon nitride. This approach allows measurements of thermal transport on the ~10-nm scale, where the two samples show different heat transport regimes, and can be applied to study other phenomena showing nontrivial behaviors at the nanoscale, such as structural relaxations in complex liquids and ultrafast magnetic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - R. Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - F. Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - L. Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - D. Naumenko
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A. A. Maznev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - E. Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A. Simoncig
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - F. Caporaletti
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - V. Chiloyan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - R. Cucini
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - F. Dallari
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - R. A. Duncan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T. D. Frazer
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - G. Gaio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A. Gessini
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - L. Giannessi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - S. Huberman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - H. Kapteyn
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J. Knobloch
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - G. Kurdi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - N. Mahne
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M. Manfredda
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - A. Martinelli
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - M. Murnane
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - E. Principi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - L. Raimondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - S. Spampinati
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - C. Spezzani
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M. Trovò
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - M. Zangrando
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - G. Chen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G. Monaco
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - K. A. Nelson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C. Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza (TS), Italy
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18
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Pirola M, Puglisi A, Raimondi L, Forni A, Benaglia M. Evaluation of In-Batch and In-Flow Synthetic Strategies towards the Stereoselective Synthesis of a Fluorinated Analogue of Retro-Thiorphan. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122260. [PMID: 31216628 PMCID: PMC6631789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthetic strategy for the preparation of trifluoromethylamine mimics of retro-thiorphan, involving a diastereoselective, metal-free catalytic step, has been studied in batch and afforded the target molecule in good yields and high diastereoselectivity. A crucial point of the synthetic sequence was the catalytic reduction of a fluorinated enamine with trichlorosilane as reducing agent in the presence of a chiral Lewis base. The absolute configuration of the key intermediate was unambiguously assigned by X-ray analysis. The synthesis was also investigated exploiting continuous flow reactions; that is, an advanced intermediate of the target molecule was synthesized in only two in-flow synthetic modules, avoiding isolation and purifications of intermediates, leading to the isolation of the target chiral fluorinated amine in up to an 87:13 diastereoisomeric ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari-ISTM-CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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19
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Bellavia D, Salamanna F, Raimondi L, De Luca A, Carina V, Costa V, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Deregulated miRNAs in osteoporosis: effects in bone metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3723-3744. [PMID: 31147752 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from their role exerted on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently identified as regulators of different processes in bone homeostasis. For this purpose, in a recent review, we highlighted, as deregulated miRNAs could be involved in different bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In addition, recent studies supported the concept that osteoporosis-induced bone alterations might offer a receptive site for cancer cells to form bone metastases, However, to date, no data on specific-shared miRNAs between osteoporosis and bone metastases have been considered and described to clarify the evidence of this link. The main goal of this review is to underline as deregulated miRNAs in osteoporosis may have specific roles in the development of bone metastases. The review showed that several circulating osteoporotic miRNAs could facilitate tumor progression and bone-metastasis formation in several tumor types, i.e., breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and multiple myeloma. In detail, serum up-regulation of pro-osteoporotic miRNAs, as well as serum down-regulation of anti-osteoporotic miRNAs are common features of all these tumors and are able to promote bone metastasis. These results are of key importance and could help researcher and clinicians to establish new therapeutic strategies connected with deregulation of circulating miRNAs and able to interfere with pathogenic processes of osteoporosis, tumor progressions, and bone-metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Cinci L, Gencarelli M, De Siena G, Bellusci L, Chiellini G, Raimondi L. Brain Histamine Modulates the Antidepressant-Like Effect of the 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid (TA1). Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:176. [PMID: 31133807 PMCID: PMC6517548 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1), an end metabolite of thyroid hormone, has been shown to produce behavioral effects in mice that are dependent on brain histamine. We now aim to verify whether pharmacologically administered TA1 has brain bioavailability and is able to induce histamine-dependent antidepressant-like behaviors. TA1 brain, liver and plasma levels were measured by LC/MS-MS in male CD1 mice, sacrificed 15 min after receiving a high TA1 dose (330 μgkg-1). The hypothalamic mTOR/AKT/GSK-β cascade activation was evaluated in mice treated with 0.4, 1.32, 4 μgkg-1 TA1 by Western-blot. Mast cells were visualized by immuno-histochemistry in brain slices obtained from mice treated with 4 μgkg-1 TA1. Histamine release triggered by TA1 (20-1000 nM) was also evaluated in mouse peritoneal mast cells. After receiving TA1 (1.32, 4 or 11 μgkg-1; i.p.) CD1 male mice were subjected to the forced swim (FST) and the tail suspension tests (TST). Spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities, motor incoordination, and anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects, were evaluated. Parallel behavioral tests were also carried out in mice that, prior to receiving TA1, were pre-treated with pyrilamine (10 mgkg-1; PYR) or zolantidine (5 mgkg-1; ZOL), histamine type 1 and type 2 receptor antagonists, respectively, or with p-chloro-phenylalanine (100 mgkg-1; PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. TA1 given i.p. to mice rapidly distributes in the brain, activates the hypothalamic mTOR/AKT and GSK-3β cascade and triggers mast cells degranulation. Furthermore, TA1 induces antidepressant effects and stimulates locomotion with a mechanism that appears to depend on the histaminergic system. TA1 antidepressant effect depends on brain histamine, thus highlighting a relationship between the immune system, brain inflammation and the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Departments of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Departments of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Departments of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Raimondi
- Departments of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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21
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Landucci E, Gencarelli M, Mazzantini C, Laurino A, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Raimondi L. N-(3-Ethoxy-phenyl)-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide (EPPTB) prevents 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM)-induced neuroprotection against kainic acid toxicity. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104460. [PMID: 31075293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone metabolites, including 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1), activate AKT signaling in hippocampal neurons affording protection from excitotoxic damage. We aim to explore whether the mechanism of T1AM neuroprotection against kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity included the activation of the trace amine associated receptor isoform 1 (TAAR1), one of T1AM targets. Rat organotypic hippocampal slices were exposed to vehicle (Veh) or to 5 μM kA for 24 h in the absence or presence of 0.1, 1 and 10 μM T1AM or to 0.1, 1 and 10 μM T1AM and 1 μM N-(3-Ethoxy-phenyl)-4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide (EPPTB), the only available TAAR1 antagonist, or to 1 μM T1AM in the absence or in the presence of 10 μM LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Cell death was evaluated by measuring propidium iodide (PI) levels of fluorescence 24 h after treatment. In parallel, the expression levels of p-AKT and p-PKA were evaluated by Western blot analysis of slice lysates. The activity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (MAO) was assayed fluorimetrically. 24 h exposure of slices to T1AM resulted in the activation of AKT and PKA. KA exposure induced cell death in the CA3 region and significantly reduced p-AKT and p-PKA levels. The presence of 1 and 10 μM T1AM significantly protected neurons from death and conserved both kinase levels with the essential role of AKT in neuroprotection. Furthermore, EPPTB prevented T1AM-induced neuroprotection, activation of PKA and AKT. Of note, in the presence of EPPTB T1AM degradation by MAO was reduced. Our results indicate that the neuroprotection offered by T1AM depends, as for TA1, on AKT activation but do not allow to conclusively indicate TAAR1 as the target implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Mazzantini
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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22
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Bellavia D, De Luca A, Carina V, Costa V, Raimondi L, Salamanna F, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Deregulated miRNAs in bone health: Epigenetic roles in osteoporosis. Bone 2019; 122:52-75. [PMID: 30772601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has shown to enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, differentiation and activity of different cell types in bone tissue. The discovery of miRNA actions and their targets has helped to identify them as novel regulations actors in bone. Various studies have shown that miRNA deregulation mediates the progression of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis. The present review intends to give an exhaustive overview of miRNAs with experimentally validated targets involved in bone homeostasis and highlight their possible role in osteoporosis development. Moreover, the review analyzes miRNAs identified in clinical trials and involved in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - A De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Salamanna
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Landucci E, Laurino A, Cinci L, Gencarelli M, Raimondi L. Thyroid Hormone, Thyroid Hormone Metabolites and Mast Cells: A Less Explored Issue. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:79. [PMID: 30983971 PMCID: PMC6449760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are primary players in immune and inflammatory diseases. In the brain, mast cells are located at the brain side of the blood brain barrier (BBB) exerting a crucial role in protecting the brain from xenobiotic invasion. Furthermore, recent advances in neuroscience indicate mast cells may play an important role in glial cell-neuron communication through the release of mediators, including histamine. Interestingly, brain mast cells contain not only 50% of the brain histamine but also hormones, proteases and lipids or amine mediators; and cell degranulation may be triggered by different stimuli activating membrane bound receptors including the four types of histaminergic receptors. Among hormones, mast cells can store thyroid hormone (T3) and express membrane-bound thyroid stimulating hormone receptors (TSHRs), thus suggesting from one side that thyroid function may affect mast cells function, from the other that mast cell degranulation may impact on thyroid function. In this respect, the research on hormones in mast cells is scarce. Recent pharmacological evidence indicates the existence of a non-genomic portion of the thyroid secretion including thyroid hormone metabolites. Among which the 3,5 diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3-iodothyroanamine (T1AM) and 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) are the most studied. All these compounds are endogenously occurring and found to be increased in inflammatory-based diseases involving mast cells. T1AM and TA1 induce, as T3, neuroprotective effects and itch but also hyperalgesia in rodents with a mechanism largely unknown but mediated by the release of histamine. Due to the rapid onset of their effectiveness they may trigger histamine release from a cell where it is “ready-to-be released,” i.e., mast cells. Following a very thin path which passes through old experimental and clinical evidence, at the light of novel acquisitions on endogenous T3 metabolites, we aim to stimulate the attention on the possibility that mast cell histamine may be the connector of a novel (neuro) endocrine pathway linking the thyroid with mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landucci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Gencarelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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24
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Ilchen M, Hartmann G, Gryzlova EV, Achner A, Allaria E, Beckmann A, Braune M, Buck J, Callegari C, Coffee RN, Cucini R, Danailov M, De Fanis A, Demidovich A, Ferrari E, Finetti P, Glaser L, Knie A, Lindahl AO, Plekan O, Mahne N, Mazza T, Raimondi L, Roussel E, Scholz F, Seltmann J, Shevchuk I, Svetina C, Walter P, Zangrando M, Viefhaus J, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Meyer M. Symmetry breakdown of electron emission in extreme ultraviolet photoionization of argon. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4659. [PMID: 30405105 PMCID: PMC6220192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs), providing pulses of ultrahigh photon intensity, have revolutionized spectroscopy on ionic targets. Their exceptional photon flux enables multiple photon absorptions within a single femtosecond pulse, which in turn allows for deep insights into the photoionization process itself as well as into evolving ionic states of a target. Here we employ ultraintense pulses from the FEL FERMI to spectroscopically investigate the sequential emission of electrons from gaseous, atomic argon in the neutral as well as the ionic ground state. A pronounced forward-backward symmetry breaking of the angularly resolved emission patterns with respect to the light propagation direction is experimentally observed and theoretically explained for the region of the Cooper minimum, where the asymmetry of electron emission is strongly enhanced. These findings aim to originate a better understanding of the fundamentals of photon momentum transfer in ionic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilchen
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany. .,Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
| | - G Hartmann
- Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E V Gryzlova
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A Achner
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Beckmann
- X-Spectrum GmbH, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Buck
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - R N Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Cucini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A De Fanis
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Particle Accelerator Physics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Glaser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Knie
- Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - A O Lindahl
- Qamcom Research & Technology AB, Falkenbergsgatan 3, SE-412 85, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Scholz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Seltmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Shevchuk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Svetina
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villingen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Walter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy.,CNR, IOM, Lab Nazl TASC, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Viefhaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A N Grum-Grzhimailo
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Resta F, De Siena G, Pellegrini-Giampietro DE, Masi A, Mannaioni G, Raimondi L. Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of the Thyroid Hormone Metabolite 3-Iodothyroacetic Acid. Thyroid 2018; 28:1387-1397. [PMID: 30129879 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) is among the thyroid hormone (T3) metabolites that can acutely modify behavior in mice. This study aimed to investigate whether TA1 is also able to reduce neuron hyper-excitability and protect from excitotoxic damage. METHODS CD1 male mice were treated intraperitoneally with saline solution or TA1 (4, 7, 11, or 33 μg/kg) before receiving 90 mg/kg pentylenetrazole subcutaneously. The following parameters were measured: latency to first seizure onset, number of mice experiencing seizures, hippocampal levels of c-fos, and PI3K/AKT activation levels. Organotypic hippocampal slices were exposed to vehicle or to 5 μM kainic acid (KA) in the absence or presence of 0.01-10 μM TA1. In another set of experiments, slices were exposed to vehicle or 5 μM KA in the absence or presence of 10 μM T3, 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC), T1AM, thyronamine (T0AM), or thyroacetic acid (TA0). Neuronal cell death was measured fluorimetically. The ability of TA1 and T3, TRIAC, T1AM, T0A, and TA0 to activate the PI3K/AKT cascade was evaluated by Western blot. The effect of TA1 on KA-induced currents in CA3 neurons was evaluated by patch clamp recordings on acute hippocampal slices. RESULTS TA1 (7 and 11 μg/kg) significantly reduced the number of mice showing convulsions and increased their latency of onset, restored pentylenetrazole-induced reduction of hippocampal c-fos levels, activated the PI3K/AKT, and reduced GSK-3β activity. In rat organotypic hippocampal slices, TA1 reduced KA-induced cell death by activating the PI3K/AKT cascade and increasing GSK-3β phosphorylation levels. Protection against KA toxicity was also exerted by T3 and other T3 metabolites studied. TA1 did not interact at KA receptors. Both the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of TA1 were abolished by pretreating mice or organotypic hippocampal slices with pyrilamine, an histamine type 1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg or 1 μM, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TA1 exerts anticonvulsant activity and is neuroprotective in vivo and in vitro. These findings extend the current knowledge on the pharmacological profile of TA1 and indicate possible novel clinical use for this T3 metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- 1 Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, Pharmacology Division; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- 1 Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, Pharmacology Division; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Masi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, Pharmacology Division; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
- 3 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino , Camerino, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- 1 Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, Pharmacology Division; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- 1 Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences, and Child Health, Pharmacology Division; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology; University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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26
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Bencivenga F, Calvi A, Capotondi F, Cucini R, Mincigrucci R, Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Pedersoli E, Principi E, Dallari F, Duncan RA, Izzo MG, Knopp G, Maznev AA, Monaco G, Di Mitri S, Gessini A, Giannessi L, Mahne N, Nikolov IP, Passuello R, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, Masciovecchio C. Four-wave-mixing experiments with seeded free electron lasers. Faraday Discuss 2018; 194:283-303. [PMID: 27711831 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of free electron laser (FEL) sources has provided an unprecedented bridge between the scientific communities working with ultrafast lasers and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray radiation. Indeed, in recent years an increasing number of FEL-based applications have exploited methods and concepts typical of advanced optical approaches. In this context, we recently used a seeded FEL to demonstrate a four-wave-mixing (FWM) process stimulated by coherent XUV radiation, namely the XUV transient grating (X-TG). We hereby report on X-TG measurements carried out on a sample of silicon nitride (Si3N4). The recorded data bears evidence for two distinct signal decay mechanisms: one occurring on a sub-ps timescale and one following slower dynamics extending throughout and beyond the probed timescale range (100 ps). The latter is compatible with a slower relaxation (time decay > ns), that may be interpreted as the signature of thermal diffusion modes. From the peak intensity of the X-TG signal we could estimate a value of the effective third-order susceptibility which is substantially larger than that found in SiO2, so far the only sample with available X-TG data. Furthermore, the intensity of the time-coincidence peak shows a linear dependence on the intensity of the three input beams, indicating that the measurements were performed in the weak field regime. However, the timescale of the ultrafast relaxation exhibits a dependence on the intensity of the XUV radiation. We interpreted the observed behaviour as the generation of a population grating of free-electrons and holes that, on the sub-ps timescale, relaxes to generate lattice excitations. The background free detection inherent to the X-TG approach allowed the determination of FEL-induced electron dynamics with a sensitivity largely exceeding that of transient reflectivity and transmissivity measurements, usually employed for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - A Calvi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A.Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - R Cucini
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - A Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - M Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - E Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - E Principi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - F Dallari
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - R A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M G Izzo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - G Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - A A Maznev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Monaco
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - A Gessini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy. and ENEA CR Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - I P Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - R Passuello
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy. and IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Italy.
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27
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Foglia L, Capotondi F, Mincigrucci R, Naumenko D, Pedersoli E, Simoncig A, Kurdi G, Calvi A, Manfredda M, Raimondi L, Mahne N, Zangrando M, Masciovecchio C, Bencivenga F. First Evidence of Purely Extreme-Ultraviolet Four-Wave Mixing. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:263901. [PMID: 30004768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extension of nonlinear optical techniques to the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), soft and hard x-ray regime represents one of the open challenges of modern science since it would combine chemical specificity with background-free detection and ultrafast time resolution. We report on the first observation of a four-wave-mixing (FWM) response from solid-state samples stimulated exclusively by EUV pulses. The all-EUV FWM signal was generated by the diffraction of high-order harmonics of the FERMI free-electron laser (FEL) from the standing wave resulting from the interference of two crossed FEL pulses at the fundamental wavelength. From the intensity of the FWM signal, we are able to extract the first-ever estimate of an effective value of ∼6×10^{-24} m^{2} V^{-2} for the third-order nonlinear susceptibility in the EUV regime. This proof of principle experiment represents a significant advance in the field of nonlinear optics and sets the starting point for a manifold of techniques, including frequency and phase-resolved FWM methods, that are unprecedented in this photon-energy regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Naumenko
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Kurdi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Calvi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via A.Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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Bellavia D, Raimondi L, Costa V, De Luca A, Carina V, Maglio M, Fini M, Alessandro R, Giavaresi G. Engineered exosomes: A new promise for the management of musculoskeletal diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1893-1901. [PMID: 29885361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are nanovesicles actively secreted by potentially all cell types, including tumour cells, with the primary role of extracellular systemic communication mediators, both at autocrine and paracrine levels, at short and long distances. Recently, different studies have used exosomes as a delivery system for a plethora of different molecules, such as drugs, microRNAs and proteins. This has been made possible thanks to the simplicity in exosomes engineering, their great stability and versatility for applications in oncology as well as in regenerative medicine. SCOPE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide information on the state-of-the-art and possible applications of engineered exosomes, both for cargo and specific cell-targeting, in different pathologies related to the musculoskeletal system. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The use of exosomes as therapeutic agents is rapidly evolving, different studies explore drug delivery with exosomes using different molecules, showing an enormous potential in various research fields such as oncology and regenerative medicine. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE However, despite the significant progress made by the different studies carried out, currently, the use of exosomes is not a therapeutic reality for the considerable difficulties to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bellavia
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - L Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Costa
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Carina
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Maglio
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fini
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy; Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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Rossi S, Puglisi A, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. Synthesis of Alpha-trifluoromethylthio Carbonyl Compounds: A Survey of the Methods for the Direct Introduction of the SCF3
Group on to Organic Molecules. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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30
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Benaglia M, Pirola M, Compostella M, Raimondi L, Puglisi A. A Continuous-Flow, Two-Step, Metal-Free Process for the Synthesis of Differently Substituted Chiral 1,2-Diamino Derivatives. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1591911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective organocatalytic reduction of aryl-substituted nitroenamines was successfully performed under continuous-flow conditions. After a preliminary screening with a 10-μL microreactor, to establish the best reaction conditions, the reduction was scaled up in a 0.5-mL mesoreactor, without appreciable loss of enantioselectivity, that remained constantly higher than 90%. The in-flow nitro reduction was also accomplished, either by Raney nickel catalyzed hydrogenation or by a metal-free methodology based on the use of the very inexpensive and readily available reducing agent trichlorosilane. The final aim is to develop a two-step, continuous-flow process for the stereoselective, metal-free, catalytic synthesis of differently functionalized chiral 1,2-diamines.
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31
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Spinelli V, Sartiani L, Laurino A, Raimondi L, Calvani M, Filippi L, Mugelli A, Cerbai E. 422Enrichment of cardiac differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells by beta 3 adrenoceptor stimulation. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Spinelli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
| | - L Sartiani
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
| | - A Laurino
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
| | - M Calvani
- University of Florence, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "A.Meyer", University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Filippi
- University of Florence, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "A.Meyer", University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - A Mugelli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
| | - E Cerbai
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA (Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), Florence, Italy
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32
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Spinelli V, Sartiani L, Laurino A, Raimondi L, Calvani M, Filippi L, Mugelli A, Cerbai E. Enhancement of cardiac differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells by β3 adrenoceptor stimulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Raimondi L. Central Effects of 3-Iodothyronamine Reveal a Novel Role for Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:290. [PMID: 29928258 PMCID: PMC5998184 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is the last iodinated thyronamine generated from thyroid hormone alternative metabolism found circulating in rodents and in humans. So far, the physiopathological meaning of T1AM tissue levels is unknown. Much is instead known on T1AM pharmacological effects in rodents. Such evidence indicates that T1AM acutely modifies, with high potency and effectiveness, rodents' metabolism and behavior, often showing inverted U-shaped dose-response curves. Although several possible targets for T1AM were identified, the mechanism underlying T1AM behavioral effects remains still elusive. T1AM pharmacokinetic features clearly indicate the central nervous system is not a preferential site for T1AM distribution but it is a site where T1AM levels are critically regulated, as it occurs for neuromodulators or neurotransmitters. We here summarize and discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that central effects of T1AM derive from activation of intracellular and possibly extracellular pathways. In this respect, consisting evidence indicates the intracellular pathway is mediated by the product of T1AM phase-I non-microsomal oxidation, the 3-iodothryoacetic acid, while other data indicate a role for the trace amine-associated receptor, isoform 1, as membrane target of T1AM (extracellular pathway). Overall, these evidence might sustain the non-linear dose-effect curves typically observed when increasing T1AM doses are administered and reveal an interesting and yet unexplored link between thyroid, monoamine oxidases activity and histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Raimondi,
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Bellusci L, Laurino A, Sabatini M, Sestito S, Lenzi P, Raimondi L, Rapposelli S, Biagioni F, Fornai F, Salvetti A, Rossi L, Zucchi R, Chiellini G. New Insights into the Potential Roles of 3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) and Newly Developed Thyronamine-Like TAAR1 Agonists in Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:905. [PMID: 29311919 PMCID: PMC5732922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous high-affinity ligand of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), detected in mammals in many organs, including the brain. Recent evidence indicates that pharmacological TAAR1 activation may offer a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of a wide range of neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders. To assess potential neuroprotection by TAAR1 agonists, in the present work, we initially investigated whether T1AM and its corresponding 3-methylbiaryl-methane analog SG-2 can improve learning and memory when systemically administered to mice at submicromolar doses, and whether these effects are modified under conditions of MAO inhibition by clorgyline. Our results revealed that when i.p. injected to mice, both T1AM and SG-2 produced memory-enhancing and hyperalgesic effects, while increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and expression of transcription factor c-fos. Notably, both compounds appeared to rely on the action of ubiquitous enzymes MAO to produce the corresponding oxidative metabolites that were then able to activate the histaminergic system. Since autophagy is key for neuronal plasticity, in a second line of experiments we explored whether T1AM and synthetic TAAR1 agonists SG1 and SG2 were able to induce autophagy in human glioblastoma cell lines (U-87MG). After treatment of U-87MG cells with 1 μM T1AM, SG-1, SG-2 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence (IF) showed a significant time-dependent increase of autophagy vacuoles and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Consistently, Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase of the LC3II/LC3I ratio, with T1AM and SG-1 being the most effective agents. A decreased level of the p62 protein was also observed after treatment with T1AM and SG-1, which confirms the efficacy of these compounds as autophagy inducers in U-87MG cells. In the process to dissect which pathway induces ATG, the effects of these compounds were evaluated on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. We found that 1 μM T1AM, SG-1 and SG-2 decreased pAKT/AKT ratio at 0.5 and 4 h after treatment, suggesting that autophagy is induced by inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation by PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. In conclusion, our study shows that T1AM and thyronamine-like derivatives SG-1 and SG-2 might represent valuable tools to therapeutically intervene with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Bellusci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Unit of Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Unit of Human Anatomy, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rossi
- Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Grazia Chiellini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Brenna D, Pirola M, Raimondi L, Burke AJ, Benaglia M. A stereoselective, catalytic strategy for the in-flow synthesis of advanced precursors of rasagiline and tamsulosin. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6242-6247. [PMID: 28153587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The diastereoselective, trichlorosilane-mediate reduction of imines, bearing different and removable chiral auxiliaries, in combination either with achiral bases or catalytic amounts of chiral Lewis bases, was investigated to afford immediate precursors of chiral APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients). The carbon-nitrogen double bond reduction was successfully performed in batch and in flow mode, in high yields and almost complete stereocontrol. By this metal-free approach, the formal synthesis of rasagiline and tamsulosin was successfully accomplished in micro(meso) flow reactors, under continuous flow conditions. The results of these explorative studies represent a new, important step towards the development of automated processes for the preparation of enantiopure biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anthony J Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Center of Évora, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Laurino A, Landucci E, Resta F, De Siena G, Matucci R, Masi A, Raimondi L. 3-Iodothyroacetic acid (TA 1), a by-product of thyroid hormone metabolism, reduces the hypnotic effect of ethanol without interacting at GABA-A receptors. Neurochem Int 2017; 115:31-36. [PMID: 29032008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) is among the by-products of thyroid hormone metabolism suspected to mediate the non-genomic effects of the hormone (T3). We aim to investigate whether TA1 systemically administered to mice stimulated mice wakefulness, an effect already described for T3 and for another T3 metabolite (i.e. 3-iodothryonamine; T1AM), and whether TA1 interacted at GABA-A receptors (GABA-AR). Mice were pre-treated with either saline (vehicle) or TA1 (1.32, 4 and 11 μg/kg) and, after 10 min, they received ethanol (3.5 g/kg, i.p.). In another set of experiments, TA1 was administered 5 min after ethanol. The latency of sleep onset and the time of sleep duration were recorded. Voltage-clamp experiments to evaluate the effect of 1 μM TA1 on bicuculline-sensitive currents in acute rat hippocampal slice neurons and binding experiments evaluating the capacity of 1, 10, 100 μM TA1 to displace [3H]flumazenil from mice brain membranes were also performed. 4 μg/kg TA1 increases the latency of onset and at 1.32 and 4 μg/kg it reduces the duration of ethanol-induced sleep only if administered before ethanol. TA1 does not functionally interact at GABA-AR. Overall these results indicate a further similarity between the pharmacological profile of TA1 and that of T1AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Landucci
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of Neurology, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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38
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Bellavia D, Veronesi F, Carina V, Costa V, Raimondi L, De Luca A, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Gene therapy for chondral and osteochondral regeneration: is the future now? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 75:649-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gutt C, Sant T, Ksenzov D, Capotondi F, Pedersoli E, Raimondi L, Nikolov IP, Kiskinova M, Jaiswal S, Jakob G, Kläui M, Zabel H, Pietsch U. Probing ultrafast changes of spin and charge density profiles with resonant XUV magnetic reflectivity at the free-electron laser FERMI. Struct Dyn 2017; 4:055101. [PMID: 28713843 PMCID: PMC5500121 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of resonant magnetic XUV reflectivity experiments performed at the XUV free-electron laser FERMI. Circularly polarized XUV light with the photon energy tuned to the Fe M2,3 edge is used to measure resonant magnetic reflectivities and the corresponding Q-resolved asymmetry of a Permalloy/Ta/Permalloy trilayer film. The asymmetry exhibits ultrafast changes on 240 fs time scales upon pumping with ultrashort IR laser pulses. Depending on the value of the wavevector transfer Qz , we observe both decreasing and increasing values of the asymmetry parameter, which is attributed to ultrafast changes in the vertical spin and charge density profiles of the trilayer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutt
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - T Sant
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - D Ksenzov
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - F Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - I P Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Kiskinova
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - G Jakob
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Kläui
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - U Pietsch
- Physics Department, University of Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
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Laurino A, Lucenteforte E, De Siena G, Raimondi L. The impact of scopolamine pretreatment on 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) effects on memory and pain in mice. Horm Behav 2017; 94:93-96. [PMID: 28711308 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a by-product of thyroid hormone metabolism, pharmacologically administered to mice acutely stimulated learning and memory acquisition and provided hyperalgesia with a mechanism which remains to be defined. We now aimed to investigate whether the T1AM effect on memory and pain was maintained in mice pre-treated with scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist expected to induce amnesia and, possibly, hyperalgesia. Mice were pre-treated with scopolamine and, after 20min, injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with T1AM (0.13, 0.4, 1.32μg/kg). 15min after T1AM injection, the mice learning capacity or their pain threshold were evaluated by the light/dark box and by the hot plate test (51.5°C) respectively. Experiments in the light/dark box were repeated in mice receiving clorgyline (2.5mg/kg, i.p.), a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor administered 10min before scopolamine (0.3mg/kg). Our results demonstrated that 0.3mg/kg scopolamine induced amnesia without modifying the murine pain threshold. T1AM fully reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia and produced hyperalgesia at a dose as low as 0.13μg/kg. The T1AM anti-amnestic effect was lost in mice pre-treated with clorgyline. We report that the removal of muscarinic signalling increases T1AM pro learning and hyperalgesic effectiveness suggesting T1AM as a potential treatment as a "pro-drug" for memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano De Siena
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Drug Sciences, Psychology, Child Health and Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Brenna D, Porta R, Massolo E, Raimondi L, Benaglia M. A New Class of Low-Loading Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective, Metal-Free Imine Reduction of Wide General Applicability. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Porta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milano Italy
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Laurino A, Raimondi L. Commentary: Torpor: The Rise and Fall of 3-Monoiodothyronamine from Brain to Gut-From Gut to Brain? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28878736 PMCID: PMC5572113 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of Psychology, Neurology, Drug Sciences, Health of the Child, Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Raimondi,
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Luconi M, Raimondi L, Di Franco A, Mannucci E. Which is the main molecular target responsible for the cardiovascular benefits in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial? A journey through the kidney, the heart and other interesting places. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:1071-1078. [PMID: 27776917 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of the EMPA-REG-OUTCOME trial on type 2 diabetic patients at high risk for prior cardiovascular events showed that empagliflozin produces a remarkable reduction in the rates of hospitalization for heart failure (35%), cardiovascular death (38%), and all-cause death (32%). This unexpected cardio-protective action cannot be accounted for by the improvement of "classical" cardiovascular risk factors. AIMS This review aims at summarizing current knowledge on the cardiovascular action of SGLT2 inhibitors and discuss the different hypotheses formulated to explain the results of the EMPA-REG-OUTCOME-study. DATA SYNTHESIS We discuss in detail the major cardiovascular outcomes of the study in the light of the potential systemic and myocardial mechanisms of action of the drug. In addition, we propose and speculate on a direct effect of empagliflozin on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is insufficient to establish any of the proposed mechanisms of cardiovascular action of empagliflozin. While awaiting for the results of ongoing clinical studies with other SGLT2 inhibitors, the most promising putative mechanisms still deserve to be confirmed with specifically designed, yet unavailable, pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Dept. Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- Pharmacology Unit, Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Sciences and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - A Di Franco
- Endocrinology Unit, Dept. Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy
| | - E Mannucci
- Endocrinology Unit, Dept. Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini, 6, Florence, Italy; Diabetology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Laurino A, Matucci R, Vistoli G, Raimondi L. 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM), a novel antagonist of muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 793:35-42. [PMID: 27815171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a trace amine suspected to derive from thyroid hormone metabolism. T1AM was described as a ligand of G-protein coupled monoaminergic receptors, including trace amine associated receptors, suggesting the amine may exert a modulatory role on the monoaminergic transmission. Nothing is known on the possibility that T1AM could also modulate the cholinergic transmission interacting with muscarinic receptors. We evaluated whether T1AM (10nM-100μM) was able to i) displace [3H]-NMS (0.20nM) binding to membrane preparations from CHO cells stably transfected with human muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1-M5); ii) modify basal or acetylcholine induced pERK1/2 levels in CHO expressing the human muscarinic type 3 receptor subtype by Western blot iii) modify basal and carbachol-induced contraction of isolated rat urinary bladder. T1AM fitting within rat muscarinic type 3 receptor was simulated by Docking studies. T1AM recognized all muscarinic receptor subtypes (pKi values in the micromolar range). Interacting at type 3, T1AM reduced acetylcholine-increased pERK1/2 levels. T1AM reduced carbachol-induced contraction of the rat urinary bladder. The fenoxyl residue and the iodide ion were found essential for establishing contacts with the active site of the rat muscarinic type 3 receptor subtype. Our results indicate that T1AM binds at muscarinic receptors behaving as a weak, not selective, antagonist. This finding adds knowledge on the pharmacodynamics features of T1AM and it may prompt investigation on novel pharmacological effects of T1AM at conditions of hyper-activation of the muscarinic tone including the overactive urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziatina Laurino
- Dept. of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Dept. of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dept. of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Chiellini G, Nesi G, Sestito S, Chiarugi S, Runfola M, Espinoza S, Sabatini M, Bellusci L, Laurino A, Cichero E, Gainetdinov RR, Fossa P, Raimondi L, Zucchi R, Rapposelli S. Hit-to-Lead Optimization of Mouse Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (mTAAR1) Agonists with a Diphenylmethane-Scaffold: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Study. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9825-9836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Chiarugi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Espinoza
- Department
of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute
of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, 16126, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Department
of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Benaglia M, Massolo E, Brenna D, Cozzi F, Raimondi L, Gaggero N. 2-Carboxythioester-1,3-dithiane: A Functionalized Masked Carbonyl Nucleophile for the Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition to Enones. Synlett 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Brenna
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Franco Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Nicoletta Gaggero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
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Donnini S, Miceli C, Krams R, Bromage D, Papait R, Johnson D, James J, Wilson C, Sartorio CL, Anderson SE, Terzuoli E, Finetti F, Ziche M, Rigacci S, Bargelli V, Giordano C, Raimondi L, Nediani C, Miceli C, Rigacci S, Nediani C, Pedrigi R, Kis Z, Pickard J, Rossello X, Burke N, Ziff O, Yellon D, Davidson S, Pagiatakis C, Rusconi F, Carullo P, Serio S, Condorelli G, Deckx S, Rienks M, Carai P, Van Deel E, Van Der Velden J, Sipido K, Heymans S, Papageorgiou A, Humphries J, Canfield A, Humphries M, Bertoli G, Lazzeroni D, Rimoldi O, Esposito A, Peretto G, Damascelli A, De Cobelli F, Alfieri O, Camici PG, Smith GL, Myles RC. Late Breaking Science posters657Aldehyde Dehydrogenase2 regulates senescence in the vascular endothelium658Monoamine oxidase is over-activated in the left and right ventricles from human ischemic hearts: an intriguing therapeutic target659A novel assay for regulating transcription factors by flow660Remote ischaemic conditioning reduces infarct size in animal in vivo models of ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis661The Role of Histone Methyl-transferase G9a in Heart Homeostasis and Cardiac Hypertrophy: a Potential Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure663The extracellular matrix SPARCs cardiac contraction during health and disease664A proteomic investigation into the mechanisms of VEGF-adhesion receptor crosstalk in endothelial cells665Assessing the role of PMCA1 in arrhythmia development relating to β-adrenergic signalling667The expression of beta myosin isoform MYH7B correlates with severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy668Spatial heterogeneity of sympathetic response in the rabbit myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Sartiani L, Spinelli V, Laurino A, Blescia S, Raimondi L, Cerbai E, Mugelli A. Pharmacological perspectives in sarcopenia: a potential role for renin-angiotensin system blockers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:135-8. [PMID: 26604938 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a major health problem highly prevalent in elderly and age-related chronic diseases. Current pharmacological strategies available to prevent and reverse sarcopenia are largely unsatisfactory thus raising the need to identify novel targets for pharmacological intervention and possibly more effective and safe drugs. This review highlights the current knowledge of the potential benefits of renin-angiotensin system blockade in sarcopenia and discuss the main mechanisms underlying the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Blescia
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Raimondi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), Center of Molecular Medicine (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Genoni A, Benaglia M, Mattiolo E, Rossi S, Raimondi L, Barrulas PC, Burke AJ. Synthesis of an advanced precursor of Rivastigmine: Cinchona -derived quaternary ammonium salts as organocatalysts for stereoselective imine reductions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bacci S, Laurino A, Manni ME, Landucci E, Musilli C, De Siena G, Mocali A, Raimondi L. The pro-healing effect of exendin-4 on wounds produced by abrasion in normoglycemic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:346-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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