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Kachoria AG, Sefton L, Miller F, Leary A, Goff SL, Nicholson J, Himmelstein J, Alcusky M. Facilitators and Barriers to Care Coordination Between Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and Community Partners: Early Lessons From Massachusetts. Med Care Res Rev 2023; 80:507-518. [PMID: 37098858 PMCID: PMC10469475 DOI: 10.1177/10775587231168010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Care coordination is central to health care delivery system reform efforts to control costs, improve quality, and enhance patient outcomes, especially for individuals with complex medical and social needs. The potential impact of addressing health-related social needs further illustrates the importance of coordinating health care services with community-based organizations that provide social services and support. This study offers early findings from a unique approach to care coordination delivered by 17 Medicaid Accountable Care Organizations and 27 partnering community-based organizations for individuals with behavioral health conditions and/or those needing long-term services and supports. Interview data from 54 key informants were qualitatively analyzed to understand factors affecting cross-sector integrated care. Key themes emerged, essential to implementing the new model statewide: clarifying roles and responsibilities; promoting communication; facilitating information exchange; developing workforce capacity; building essential relationships; and responsive, supportive program management through real-time feedback, financial incentives, technical assistance, and flexibility from the state Medicaid program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amy Leary
- UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
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Clements KM, Kunte PS, Clark MA, Gurewich D, Greenwood BC, Sefton L, Pratt C, Person SD, Wessolossky MA. Uptake of hepatitis C virus treatment in a multi-state Medicaid population, 2013-2017. Health Serv Res 2022; 57:1312-1320. [PMID: 35466398 PMCID: PMC9643082 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine trends in the direct acting antiviral (DAA) uptake in a multi-state Medicaid population with hepatitis C virus (HCV) prior to and after ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) approval and changes in prior authorization (PA) requirements. DATA SOURCES Analyses utilized enrollment, medical, and pharmacy claims in four states, December 2013-December 2017. STUDY DESIGN An interrupted time series examined trends in uptake (1+ claim for a DAA) before and after two events: LDV/SOV approval (October 2014) and lifting of PA requirements for 40% of members (July 2016). Analyses were also performed in subgroups defined by the number and dates of change in PA requirements in members' Medicaid plans. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Members aged 18-64 years with an ICD code for HCV were included in the sample from diagnosis date until treatment initiation or Medicaid disenrollment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The annual sample size ranged from 38,302 to 45,005 with approximately 30% ages 18-34 years and 40% female. In December 2013, 0.08% was treated, rising to 0.74% in December 2017 (p < 0.001). Uptake increased from 0.34%/month in October 2014 to 0.70%/month after LDV/SOF approval, (p < 0.001), and increased relative to the pre-LDV/SOV trend through June 2016 (p = 0.04). Uptake increased to 1.18%/month after PA change, (p < 0.001) and remained flat through 2017 (p = 0.64). Cumulatively, 20.1% were treated by December 2017. In plans with few/no requirements through 2017, uptake increased to 1.19%/month after LDV/SOF approval (p < 0.001) and remained flat through 2017 (p = 0.11), with 22.2% cumulatively treated. Among plans that lifted PA requirements from three to zero in mid-2016, uptake did not increase after LDV/SOF approval (p = 0.36) but did increase to 1.41%/month (p < 0.001) after PA change, with 18.1% cumulatively treated. CONCLUSIONS HCV Treatment increased through 2017. LDV/SOF approval and lifting PA requirements led to an increase in uptake followed by flat monthly utilization. Cumulative uptake was higher in plans with few/no PA requirements relative to those with three requirements through mid-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Clements
- Commonwealth MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Parag S. Kunte
- Commonwealth MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Melissa A. Clark
- Quantitative Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Deborah Gurewich
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation ResearchVA Boston Health Care System Jamaica Plain CampusBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bonnie C. Greenwood
- Commonwealth MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Laura Sefton
- Commonwealth MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carter Pratt
- Commonwealth MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolShrewsburyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sharina D. Person
- Quantitative Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Miryea A. Wessolossky
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
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Savageau J, Brindisi M, Sefton L, Miller F. Opioid Overdoses Among High‐Risk Medicaid Members: Health care Cost, Service Utilization, and Risk Factor Analysis. Health Serv Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Savageau
- University of Massachusetts Medical School/Commonwealth Medicine Shrewsbury MA United States
| | - M. Brindisi
- University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA United States
| | - L. Sefton
- University of Massachusetts Medical School/Commonwealth Medicine Shrewsbury MA United States
| | - F. Miller
- University of Massachusetts Medical School/Commonwealth Medicine Shrewsbury MA United States
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Savageau JA, Cragin L, Ferguson WJ, Sefton L, Pernice J. Recruitment and Retention of Community Health Center Primary Care Physicians post MA Health Care Reform: 2008 vs. 2013 Physician Surveys. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 27:1011-32. [PMID: 27524748 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2008 and 2013, the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the Massachusetts League of Community Health Centers surveyed community health center (CHC) primary care physicians (PCPs) to identify factors related to preparedness, recruitment and retention. The survey was repeated to determine the impact of Massachusetts health care reform. METHODS An online survey was sent to 677 PCPs at 46 CHCs. New questions addressed patient-centered redesign, language competencies, and interprofessional care. RESULTS With 48% responding, PCPs were significantly more prepared in 2013 to practice in a CHC. Intent to continue practicing in a CHC was related to age, length of time in practice, language skills, teaching, research, compensation, model of care, professional development, and practice goals. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes illustrate opportunities to prepare medical students and residents for CHC careers and recruit and retain this vital workforce. Retention efforts must include teaching, administration, research, and professional development opportunities.
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Cabral L, Strother H, Muhr K, Sefton L, Savageau J. Clarifying the role of the mental health peer specialist in Massachusetts, USA: insights from peer specialists, supervisors and clients. Health Soc Care Community 2014; 22:104-112. [PMID: 24313729 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mental health peer specialists develop peer-to-peer relationships of trust with clients to improve their health and well-being, functioning in ways similar to community health workers. Although the number of peer specialists in use has been increasing, their role in care teams is less defined than that of the community health worker. This qualitative study explored how the peer specialist role is defined across different stakeholder groups, the expectations for this role and how the peer specialist is utilised and integrated across different types of mental health services. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups conducted in Massachusetts with peer specialists (N = 44), their supervisors (N = 14) and clients (N = 10) between September 2009 and January 2011. A consensus coding approach was used and all data outputs were reviewed by the entire team to identify themes. Peer specialists reported that their most important role is to develop relationships with clients and that having lived mental health experience is a key element in creating that bond. They also indicated that educating staff about the recovery model and peer role is another important function. However, they often felt a lack of clarity about their role within their organisation and care team. Supervisors valued the unique experience that peer specialists bring to an organisation. However, without a defined set of expectations for this role, they struggled with training, guiding and evaluating their peer specialist staff. Clients reported that the shared lived experience is important for the relationship and that working with a peer specialist has improved their mental health. With increasing support for person-centred integrated healthcare delivery models, the demand for mental health peer specialist services will probably increase. Therefore, clearer role definition, as well as workforce development focused on team orientation, is necessary for peer specialists to be fully integrated and supported in care teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cabral
- Center for Health Policy and Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
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Jonassen JA, Mazor K, Sefton L. Identification of factors that influence the likelihood of screening for domestic violence by medical students and residents. Acad Med 2001; 76:529. [PMID: 11346572 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-200105000-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Jonassen
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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Sefton L, Timmer JR, Zhang Y, Béranger F, Cline TW. An extracellular activator of the Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway is a sex-determination signal element. Nature 2000; 405:970-3. [PMID: 10879541 DOI: 10.1038/35016119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans use diverse and rapidly evolving mechanisms to determine sex. In Drosophila melanogaster an X-chromosome-counting mechanism determines the sex of an individual by regulating the master switch gene, Sex-lethal (Sxl). The X-chromosome dose is communicated to Sxl by a set of X-linked signal elements (XSEs), which activate transcription of Sxl through its 'establishment' promoter, SxlPe. Here we describe a new XSE called sisterlessC (sisC) whose mode of action differs from that of previously characterized XSEs, all of which encode transcription factors that activate SxlPe directly. In contrast, sisC encodes a secreted ligand for the Drosophila Janus kinase (JAK) and 'signal transducer and activator of transcription' (STAT) signal transduction pathway and is allelic to outstretched (os, also called unpaired). We conclude that sisC works indirectly on Sxl through this signalling pathway because mutations in sisC or in the genes encoding Drosophila JAK or STAT reduce expression of SxlPe similarly. The involvement of os in sex determination confirms that secreted ligands can function in cell-autonomous processes. Unlike sex signals for other organisms, sisC has acquired its sex-specific function while maintaining non-sex-specific roles in development, a characteristic that it shares with all other Drosophila XSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sefton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3204, USA
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Matzenbach B, Maulet Y, Sefton L, Courtier B, Avner P, Guénet JL, Betz H. Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes. Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:2607-12. [PMID: 7507926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory glycine receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel protein that occurs in different developmentally regulated isoforms in the mammalian central nervous system. Here, we have analyzed genomic clones covering the coding regions of the murine glycine receptor alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunit genes. Both genes contain eight intronic regions with precisely conserved boundaries. The same structure was also found for seven exons of a third homologous gene, alpha 4, identified during screening. The predicted alpha 4 polypeptide displays very high homology to the alpha 2 subunit. Like the alpha 2 gene, the alpha 4 gene maps to the mouse X chromosome. Our data indicate that the genomic organization of glycine receptor alpha subunit genes is conserved during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Matzenbach
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
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Matzenbach B, Maulet Y, Sefton L, Courtier B, Avner P, Guénet J, Betz H. Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes. Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
The same genetic principles are common to all animals, plants and microorganisms. One consequence of the generality of genetic principles is that methods developed in one organism can often be used in other species. Recent advances in mammalian molecular genetics, genome analysis, and gene mapping have been found to be directly applicable to other animals and even plants. This is facilitating the rapid construction of detailed genetic maps in a wide variety of species. Similar advances are being made in the development of manipulation techniques, which allow the genomic deletion and addition of specific genes as well as more subtle alterations. Armed with detailed maps and precise manipulation techniques it is possible to associate genes with phenotypes, test the function of genes and to unravel complex traits that depend on the interaction of different genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Goodfellow
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, U.K
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Brown SD, Avner P, Boyd Y, Chapman V, Rastan S, Sefton L, Thomas JD, Herman GE. Encyclopedia of the mouse genome III. October 1993. Mouse X chromosome. Mamm Genome 1993; 4 Spec No:S269-81. [PMID: 8268681 DOI: 10.1007/bf00360846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Sefton L, Goodfellow PN. The human genetic map. Curr Opin Biotechnol 1992; 3:607-11. [PMID: 1369116 DOI: 10.1016/0958-1669(92)90004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of new technology and increased effort from around the world is driving the completion of the human gene map. In parallel with the creation of the map, we are beginning to see the bio-medical benefits that are a direct consequence of learning more about our own genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sefton
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
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Abstract
The introduction of new technology and increased effort from around the world is driving the completion of the human gene map. In parallel with the creation of the map, we are beginning to see the biomedical benefits that are a direct consequence of learning more about our own genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sefton
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Florian F, Hornigold N, Griffin DK, Delhanty JD, Sefton L, Abbott C, Jones C, Goodfellow PN, Wolfe J. The use of irradiation and fusion gene transfer (IFGT) hybrids to isolate DNA clones from human chromosome region 9q33-q34. Somat Cell Mol Genet 1991; 17:445-53. [PMID: 1763385 DOI: 10.1007/bf01233168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have generated somatic cell hybrids containing fragments of human chromosome arm 9q by an irradiation and fusion technique. No selection for human material was imposed, but of 23 clones analyzed most contained human DNA sequences and many contained multiple fragments of the human chromosome arm. A hybrid that appears to contain only two small fragments of human DNA from the regions of q33 and q34 has been used as a source from which to clone probes specific to those areas of the chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Florian
- Department of Genetics and Biometry, University College London, U.K
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Sefton L, Arnaud D, Goodfellow PN, Simmler MC, Avner P. Characterization of the central region containing the X-inactivation center and terminal region of the mouse X chromosome using irradiation and fusion gene transfer hybrids. Mamm Genome 1991; 2:21-31. [PMID: 1543901 DOI: 10.1007/bf00570437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation and fusion gene transfer (IFGT) procedure provides a means of isolating subchromosomal fragments for use in the mapping of loci and for cloning probes from a particular area of a chromosome. Using this procedure, two large panels of somatic cell hybrids that contain mouse X Chromosome (Chr) fragments have been generated. These hybrid panels were generated by irradiating the monochromosomal mouse-hamster hybrid HYBX, which retains the mouse X Chr, with either 10 K or 50 K rads of X-irradiation followed by fusion with a recipient Chinese hamster cell line. IFGT hybrids retaining mouse material were generated at high frequency. These hybrids were used to orient loci in the X-inactivation center region that had not been resolvable in our interspecies backcross panel and also to map, within the terminal region of the X Chr, repeat elements detected by the probe p15-4. These hybrids not only complement existing interspecies meiotic mapping panels for the detailed analysis of specific regions of particular chromosomes, but also provide a potential source of material for chromosome-specific probe isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sefton
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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Weissenbach J, Goodfellow P, Sefton L. Report of the committee on the genetic constitution of the Y chromosome. Cytogenet Genome Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1159/000133184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
We have used probes from the human genes PI, PIL, and AACT (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin-related sequence, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) to make a pulsed-field map of the surrounding region of 14q31-32. We have discovered that the PI-PIL gene cluster is only 220 kb away from the AACT gene and that it is orientated in the opposite direction. The comparatively short distance between the genes comes as a surprise given previous estimates of the level of genetic recombination between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sefton
- Department of Genetics and Biometry, University College London, United Kingdom
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Salter JE, Timperi RJ, Hennigan LJ, Sefton L, Reece H. Comparison evaluation of liquid chromatographic and bioassay methods of analysis for determination of paralytic shellfish poisons in shellfish tissues. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1989; 72:670-3. [PMID: 2759998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was compared with the AOAC mouse bioassay method (18.086-18.092) for determination of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish tissues. Shellfish samples were collected from Massachusetts coastal waters as part of a state surveillance program, and extracts of shellfish meat were analyzed for toxins by using both analytical methods. Overall correlation of the LC and bioassay methods is good (r = 0.943), but for samples with toxicities less than 100 micrograms saxitoxin/100 g shellfish meat, the correlation is significantly less (r = 0.531). Limits of detection are 10 micrograms saxitoxin/100 g shellfish meat and 40 micrograms saxitoxin/100 g shellfish meat for the LC and bioassay methods, respectively. Analytical capacity of the LC method is limited to 12 samples/person-day compared with 30 samples/person-day for the bioassay. Sampling capacity of the LC method could be increased by using a fluorescence detector with a wider response range, which would eliminate the need for dilution of concentrated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Salter
- Theobald Smith Research Institute, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain 02130
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Sefton L. Phrynodermia and Vitamin A Deficiency. West J Med 1946. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4449.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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