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Ludna Duarte M, Mikaelle Brandão Silva A, Wellithom Viturino da Silva J, Pereira Santana D, Victor de Castro W, Cláudio Arraes de Alencar L, César Galindo Bedor D, Bastos Leal L. A validated method for simultaneous quantification of four antiretrovirals in dried blood spot and plasma using LC-MS/MS: Application to efavirenz therapeutic drug monitoring in pregnant patients. Clin Biochem 2024; 127-128:110765. [PMID: 38649089 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The specific physiological background induced by pregnancy leads to significant changes in maternal pharmacokinetics, suggesting potential variability in plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals. Pregnant HIV patients exposed to subtherapeutic doses, particularly in the last trimester of the pregnancy, have higher chances to transmit the infection to their children. Therefore, the therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals in HIV pregnant patients would be of great value. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of efavirenz, raltegravir, atazanavir, and ritonavir in dried blood spots (DBS) and plasma. DESIGN AND METHODS The analytes were extracted from the DBS punch and plasma with a mixture of methanol:zinc sulfate 200 mM (50:50, v/v) and 100 % methanol, respectively. For the chromatographic separation a Shim-pack® C18, 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm column was used. Detection was performed in a 3200-QTRAP® mass spectrometer, with a run time of 6 min. RESULTS The assay was linear in the range of 15-1,000 ng/mL for raltegravir, 50-10,000 ng/mL for both atazanavir and ritonavir, 50-5,000 ng/mL for efavirenz. Precision and accuracy at these concentrations were less than 15 % for all analytes. Raltegravir, atazanavir, and ritonavir were stable for seven days at 23 °C and 40 °C, whereas efavirenz was stable for twenty-four hours at the same conditions. CONCLUSIONS The method was successfully applied to quantify efavirenz in DBS samples obtained from HIV-1 infected pregnant volunteers under antiretroviral therapy. The concentrations of efavirenz in DBS and plasma were comparable according to Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Ludna Duarte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil.
| | - Aurylanne Mikaelle Brandão Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil
| | - José Wellithom Viturino da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Davi Pereira Santana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil.
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, CEP 35501-296, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Cláudio Arraes de Alencar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil
| | - Danilo César Galindo Bedor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil.
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus Recife, S/n, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP 50740-521, Brazil.
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Kishishita J, de Almeida Perez Pimenta C, Cerqueira Macedo DP, Delgado-Charro MB, Bastos Leal L. New Formulation-Microporation Combination Approaches to Delivering Ciclopirox across Human Nails. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:72. [PMID: 38258083 PMCID: PMC10819317 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical treatments for onychomycosis are of interest to those seeking to avoid systemic drug interactions and to improve systemic safety. This work aimed to develop aqueous-based, simple, and cost-effective vehicles that provide high solubility for ciclopirox and enable the delivery of an active through channels created by nail microporation. Following solubility tests, aqueous gels and thermogels based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and poloxamer 407, respectively, were loaded with 8% and 16% ciclopirox. Their performance was then compared to the marketed lacquer Micolamina® in in vitro release tests with artificial membranes and in in vitro permeation tests with human nail clippings with and without poration. Finally, a microbiological assay compared the best gel formulations and the reference product. Little correlation was observed between the in vitro release and the permeation data, and the drug release was highly membrane-dependent. Ciclopirox nail retention in single-dose, porated nails tests was larger than in daily-dosing, non-porated nail conditions. The series of new gel and thermogel vehicles delivered ciclopirox more effectively than Micolamina® in single-dose, porated nail experiments. The inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum activity was significantly increased with microporated nails when the gel formulations were applied but not with Micolamina®. Overall, the results suggest that the new vehicles could be successfully combined with nail microporation to improve the drug delivery and efficacy of topical antifungal medication while reducing the dosing frequency, facilitating patients' adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kishishita
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético (NUDFAC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil; (J.K.); (C.d.A.P.P.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Camila de Almeida Perez Pimenta
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético (NUDFAC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil; (J.K.); (C.d.A.P.P.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Danielle Patricia Cerqueira Macedo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Análises Microbiológicas (LAM), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil;
| | | | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético (NUDFAC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil; (J.K.); (C.d.A.P.P.); (L.B.L.)
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de Andrade ARB, de Carvalho DL, Kishishita J, Pimenta CDAP, Souza ATM, de Santana DP, Leal LB. Dimethoate absorption: A complementary in vitro and in vivo assessment. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95:103961. [PMID: 35995379 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work attempts to evaluate dermal exposure (DE) of farm workers to dimethoate after 4 h of routine application to a lemon plantation. Dimethoate was measured on the workers' clothes as well as in stratum corneum (SC) and in saliva. In vitro permeation tests (IVPT) were performed through rat, pig and human skin and pig buccal, esophageal and sublingual mucosas. The mean of dimethoate DE was 342.19 ± 487.14 mg/d, the percentage of toxic dose per hour was higher than the other pesticides, and the SC penetration factors ranged between 0.5 and 14.81 and 0.05-53.96 % for back of neck and arms respectively. In the supporting IVPT study, dimethoate absorption through human skin was 14.75 % and the default value in the absence of experimental data for this product is 70%. These results show that in family farming the deficiency of correct clothing during the application of pesticides leaves workers more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Kishishita
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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da Silva LA, Lira EC, Leal LB, de Santana ES, Barbosa ICDF, Silva YJDA, Junior SA, Vieira JRC. Prevention of necrosis in ischemic skin flaps using hydrogel of Rhizophora mangle. Injury 2022; 53:2462-2469. [PMID: 35341596 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Necrosis in ischemic cutaneous flaps (ISF) is a type of surgical failure more feared among surgical complications. Currently, synthetic drugs are applied during the treatment of necrosis in ISF and although several substances show improvement in viability, some require application at high systemic doses, which can produce important side effects. Therefore, the search for natural substances with fewer side effects is constant. The use of medicinal plants that stimulate angiogenesis is commonly mentioned in previous studies and in this case Rhizophora mangle L. (R. mangle) highlights that among its main compounds have tannins and flavonoids that are very chemically reactive in various biological activities. This study aimed to associate a natural hydrogel to the 5% extract of R. mangle and to evaluate its potential in the prevention of tissue necrosis in distal portions of ISF in rats, using the model proposed by Macfarlane, et al. (1965). METHODS Ischemic skin flaps were made in the thin dorsal skin area of 28 Wistar rats and divided into 4 groups, group A: received only saline, group B where the aqueous extract of R. mangle was applied, group C received the 1.5% hydrogel of xanthan gum (XG) + placebo and group D was applied the hydrogel associated with 5% R. mangle extract. Morphometric analyses of the areas of tissue necrosis were performed from photographic records using the software Photoshop® and ImageJ®. In addition, 5 photomicrographs were taken from each histological sample of each animal for histomorphometric analysis that obtained the count of fibroblasts and blood vessels. RESULTS The mean percentage of necrotic areas was: group (A) - 50,66%, group (B) - 40,49%, group (C) - 37,44% and group (D) - 34,25%. The statistical analysis, using the Kruskal-Wallis test, showed a significant difference (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Abilio da Silva
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biosciences Center, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50760-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, UFPE, Av. da Engenharia - Cidade Universitária, 50670-420. Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, UFPE, Av. Professor Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda Santos de Santana
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biosciences Center, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50760-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Irla Carla de França Barbosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, UFPE, Av. Professor Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Yuri José de Albuquerque Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center of Exact and Nature Sciences, UFPE, Av. Jorn. Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Severino Alves Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center of Exact and Nature Sciences, UFPE, Av. Jorn. Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso Vieira
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Biosciences Center, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50760-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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da Silva JWV, Ribeiro JI, de Souza LX, da Silva Aquino KA, Kishishita J, Sobrinho JLS, Leal LB, de Santana DP, de Castro WV, Bedor DCG. Development of the stability-indicating method, structural elucidation of new photodegradation products from terconazole by LC-MS TOF, and in vitro toxicity. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chagas SCC, Pimenta CDAP, Kishishita J, Barbosa ICF, Bedor DCG, Aquino KADS, Santana DPD, Leal LB. Mupirocin ointments: In vitro x In vivo bioequivalence evaluation. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Almeida WRPL, Gomes ADOC, Belo LR, Leal LB, Coriolano MDGWDS. Olfative and taste perception in Parkinson's disease. Codas 2021; 33:e20200038. [PMID: 34586294 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the olfactory and gustatory perception and discrimination and self-perception of smell and taste in people with Parkinson's disease, comparing them with healthy nodes. METHODS Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. Olfactory and gustatory perception and discrimination were verified following Parkinson's disease, compared to a control group, matched by sex and age, using the Olfactory Perception and Taste Strips Tests, respectively, after nasal cleaning and oral brushing. Self-perception was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale before and after specific tests of perception and discrimination. RESULTS We included individuals of both sexes, 35 with Parkinson's Disease and 20 assigned to the control group, matched for mean age. The olfactory self-perception of the group with Parkinson's disease improved after the olfactory test. There was no difference in taste self-perception in the Parkinson's disease group before and after the taste test. In the olfactory perception assessment test, the Parkinson's disease group discriminated fewer essences than the control group. Both groups have similar generation and taste discrimination. CONCLUSION The olfactory perception of people with Parkinson's disease was lower, compared to the group of healthy desires, and the self-perception of olfactory efficacy improved after the test, in both groups. As for taste, there was no difference in perception and discrimination between groups, the sour taste was the most identified and there was an improvement in self-perception of taste efficiency in the group without Parkinson's disease after the test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana de Oliveira C Gomes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Belo
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE - Recife (PE), Brasil
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de Sousa CEM, Bedor NCTC, Sousa GD, de Oliveira GHO, Leal LB, Bedor DCG, de Castro WV, de Santana DP. Selective LC-MS/MS determination of citalopram enantiomers and application to a pharmacokinetic evaluation of generic and reference formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5237. [PMID: 34469601 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two methods using LC-MS/MS were validated to quantify citalopram (CTP) racemate [(R/S)-CTP] and the enantiomers (R)-CTP and (S)-CTP in human plasma, respectively. Paroxetine hydrochloride was used as the internal standard, and samples were extracted by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The non-enantioselective method was conducted using a C18 column, and the mobile phase consisted of water for solvent A and acetonitrile for solvent B, both with 0.1% formic acid. For the chiral method, an analytical column Lux Cellulose-1 was used. Mobile phase A was composed of water with 0.025% of formic acid and 0.05% of diethylamine, and mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile:2-propanol (95:5, v/v). No significant matrix effects were observed at the retention times of analytes and internal standard. The mean recovery was 89%, and the assays were linear in the concentration range of 1-50 and 5-30 ng/mL for the non-enantioselective and enantioselective methods, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions of both methods were less than 12.30%, and the accuracies were less than 12.13%. The validated methods were successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which 20-mg CTP tablets were administered to healthy volunteers, and their plasma levels were monitored over time in a bioequivalence study. HIGHLIGHTS: Simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of citalopram and its enantiomers in human plasma. Both methods were demonstrated to be selective, reliable, and sensitive. Both methods have sufficient sensitivity to quantify the steady state through concentrations already reported for citalopram and escitalopram. Validated method presented in this study can be suitably applied to pharmacokinetic studies involving citalopram and escitalopram. Bland-Altman analysis suggested that non-enantioselective and enantioselective methods can be applied in pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovana Damasceno Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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Pinto GC, Leal LB, Magalhães NC, Pereira MF, Vassallo PF, Pereira TM, Barauna VG, Byrne HJ, Carvalho LFCS. The potential of FT-IR spectroscopy for improving healthcare in sepsis - An animal model study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102312. [PMID: 33930577 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy has been used to investigate pathophysiological changes caused by sepsis. Sepsis has been defined as a potentially fatal organic dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and can lead a patient to risk of death. This study used samples consisting of the blood plasma of mice which were induced to sepsis state, compared to a healthy group using FT-IR associated with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy. For statistical analysis, principal components analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied, independently, to the second derivative spectra of both the fingerprint (900-1800 cm-1) and the high wavenumber (2800-3100 cm-1) regions. The technique efficiently differentiated the blood plasma of the two groups, sepsis and healthy mice, the analysis indicating that fatty acids and lipids in the blood samples could be an important biomarker of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Pinto
- Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Ave, 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - L B Leal
- Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Ave, 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - N C Magalhães
- Universidade de Taubaté. R. dos Operários, 09 - Centro, Taubaté, SP, 12020-340, Brazil
| | - M F Pereira
- Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Ave, 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - P F Vassallo
- Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Marechal Campos Ave, 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - T M Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Estado de São Paulo. R. Talim, 330 - Vila Nair, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231-0, Brazil
| | - V G Barauna
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Marechal Campos Ave, 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - H J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - L F C S Carvalho
- Universidade de Taubaté. R. dos Operários, 09 - Centro, Taubaté, SP, 12020-340, Brazil; Centro Universitário Braz Cubas. Av. Francisco Rodrigues Filho, 1233 - Vila Mogilar, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08773-380, Brazil
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de Andrade ARB, de Siqueira Ferraz-Carvalho R, Gibson VP, Kishishita J, de Britto Lira Nogueira MC, Santos-Magalhães NS, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Levobupivacaine-Loaded Liposome Associated with Thermogel for Prolonged Analgesia. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:104. [PMID: 33718986 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a phenomenon present in the majority of the population, affecting, among others, the elderly, overweight people, and especially recently operated patients, analgesia being necessary. In the specific case of relief of postoperative pain, different kinds of anesthetics are being used, among them bupivacaine, a widely used drug which promotes long-lasting analgesic effects. However, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity are related to its repetitive use. To overcome these shortcomings, Novabupi® (a racemic mixture) was developed and is marketed as an injectable solution. This formulation contains an enantiomeric excess of the levogyre isomer, which has reduced toxicity effects. Seeking to rationalize its use by extending the duration of effect and reducing the number of applications, the objectives of this work were to develop and evaluate liposomes containing Novabupi (LBPV), followed by incorporation into thermogel. Liposomes were prepared using the lipid hydration method, followed by size reduction using sonication, and the developed formulations were characterized by hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), surface zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The selected optimal liposomal formulation was successfully incorporated into a thermogel without loss of thermoresponsive properties, being suitable for administration as a subcutaneous injection. In the ex vivo permeation studies with fresh rodent skin, the thermogel with liposomes loaded with 0.5% LBPV (T-gel formulation 3) showed higher permeation rates compared to the starting formulation, thermogel with 0.5% LBPV (T-Gel 1), which will probably translate into better therapeutic benefits for treatment of postoperative analgesia, especially with regard to the number of doses applied.
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Chagas SCC, Moreira FSM, Barbosa ICF, Leal ODS, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Critical analysis on the use of cholecalciferol as a COVID-19 intervention: a narrative review. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:81-87. [PMID: 33656132 PMCID: PMC9632500 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0532.02112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has declared that a pandemic situation exists in relation to the disease caused by the new coronavirus, COVID-19. So far, the absence of a vaccine against the new coronavirus has led people worldwide to seek various therapeutic alternatives, including use of cholecalciferol. DESIGN AND SETTING Narrative review developed by a research group at a public university in Recife (PE), Brazil. METHODS We searched the literature on the use of cholecalciferol for prevention or treatment of COVID-19, using the MEDLINE and LILACS databases, with the keywords "vitamin D", "cholecalciferol", "SARS-CoV-2", "COVID-19" and "coronavirus", from January 1, 2020, to June 10, 2020. Narrative reviews, cohort studies and ecological studies were selected. RESULTS We retrieved 32 references, of which 8 were considered eligible for intensive review and critical analysis. These comprised five narrative reviews, two observational studies and one protocol proposal. Most of the studies selected reported positive effects from use of vitamin D for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. However, there was little quantitative data to assess the real impact of using this vitamin as an intervention against this disease. CONCLUSIONS Current studies on vitamin D used for purposes other than bone health promotion cannot be taken as support to justify its use in a disease as recent as COVID-19. Studies of greater robustness, with higher levels of clinical evidence, need to be conducted. Rational use of this vitamin needs to be ensured, thereby minimizing the impacts on the patient and the public healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanye Carolyne Christino Chagas
- MSc. Pharmacist and Doctoral Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil.
| | - Francisca Sueli Monte Moreira
- PhD. Pharmacist and Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil.
| | - Irla Carla França Barbosa
- MSc. Pharmacist and Doctoral Student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo de Sousa Leal
- MD, MSc. Family Health Doctor, Health Sciences and Sports Center, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco (AC), Brazil.
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- MSc, PhD. Pharmacist and Associated Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil.
| | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- MSc, PhD. Pharmacist and Full Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil.
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Machado M, Dantas IL, Galvão JG, Lima AD, Gonsalves JKMDC, Almeida EDP, de Araujo GRS, Leal LB, Sarmento VHV, Nunes RS, Lira AAM. Microemulsion systems to enhance the transdermal permeation of ivermectin in dogs: A preliminary in vitro study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:31-38. [PMID: 32920349 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the influence of the phase behavior of microemulsions in the transdermal administration ("spot-on") of ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug widely used in the treatment of endoparasites and ectoparasites in dogs. In this regard, pseudoternary phase diagrams composed of water (aqueous phase), isopropyl myristate (oil phase), tween 80 (surfactant) and labrasol (cosurfactant) were obtained in a different surfactant: cosurfactant (S:CS) ratios. S:CS in 1:3 ratio presented a larger region of microemulsion formation and three microemulsions were selected from it and characterized. Subsequently, in vitro permeation and retention studies were conducted using canine skin as membrane. SAXS, rheology and conductivity data were employed to confirm the phase behavior of the microemulsions (w/o, bicontinuous or o/w). The cutaneous permeation and retention tests showed that the w/o microemulsion, followed by bicontinuous microemulsion, resulted in a higher amount of drug permeated through canine skin, suggesting better transdermal permeation. On the other hand, o/w microemulsion resulted in a higher amount of drug accumulated into the skin, suggesting better topical activity. Thus, it can be concluded that phase behavior of microemulsions influenced the drug permeation in the canine skin differently from other animal models. Microemulsions, especially w/o and bicontinuous, can be promising vehicles regarding the transdermal delivery of ivermectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheline Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Isabella Lima Dantas
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gouveia Galvão
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Alyne Dantas Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico e Cosmético, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50739-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Rogéria Souza Nunes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Moreira Lira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, Sao Cristovao-, SE, Brazil.
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Pedon de Araujo Cardoso T, Viturino da Silva JW, Kishishita J, Galindo Bedor CN, Galindo Bedor DC, Pereira de Santana D, Bastos Leal L. Pesticide dermal absorption: Case study x in vitro study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 75:103313. [PMID: 31865005 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate dermal absorption during typical working conditions in family farming, the amount of dimethoate on clothing and in the stratum corneum (SC) was measured in three rural workers. This was achieved by using cotton patches on the worker's clothes and SC quantification by the tape stripping approach. To mimic the above study, an in vitro approach was performed using Franz cells by applying dimethoate (0.4 and 1.8 μg) direct to pig skin or, on a section of cotton before contact with pig skin. The in vivo case results demonstrated the high levels and variability of agrochemicals to which these farmers are subjected, with the total potential dermal absorption between 0.87-2.85 mg/person/h and the estimated SC penetration factor (PF) between 0-54.0 and 0-28.9 % for the back of the neck and the arms respectively. This probably demonstrates the impact of correct protective clothing. For the in vitro study, the amount of pesticide retained in the SC was 52.63 ± 10.73and 135.15 ± 31.8 ng/cm2 after applying 0.4 and 1.8 μg of pesticide directly on SC, and demonstrated close agreement with the in vivo approach. Further studies performed with this and other pesticides with different characteristics will contribute to the understanding of their transport through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Kishishita
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Cesar Galindo Bedor
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Cardoso TPDA, Kishishita J, Souza ATM, Vieira JRC, Melo CMLD, Santana DPD, Leal LB. A proposed eye ex vivo permeation approach to evaluate pesticides: Case dimethoate. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104833. [PMID: 32200031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to propose different ex vivo methodologies for pesticide evaluation when in contact with ocular mucosa. The first ex vivo study was performed using vertical Franz cells with fresh and refrigerated excised bovine corneas. The second evaluated the permeation through the cornea by using fresh, refrigerated and damaged whole bovine eyes. Both experiments were evaluated by applying 50 μl (of 5 mg/ml solution) of an emulsifiable pesticide formulation (Dimetoato 500 EC®). In the first study, dimethoate profiles and permeation fluxes showed no statistical differences (p < .05) between fresh and refrigerated excised corneas, probably due to the excision procedure generating damage to the cornea by altering stromal structure, irrespective of the refrigeration procedure. In relation to the results obtained for developed ex vivo permeation method in whole eyes, there was a statistical difference (p < .05) between experiments performed with fresh eyes and those performed with refrigerated/damaged eyes. Damage generated by both the refrigeration process and exposure to irritant products led to a five-fold reduction in the amount of corneal-permeated pesticide as well as a two-fold increase in retention. Thus, the ex vivo permeation approach with whole eyes seems to be a simple and reproducible method to evaluate pesticides. It is evident that further evaluations need to be performed using other pesticides with distinct physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Kishishita
- Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Departamento Ciências farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Carvalho ALM, Silva JA, Lira AAM, Almeida EDP, Nunes RDS, Sarmento VHV, Veras LMC, de Almeida Leite JR, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Third-Generation Transdermal Delivery Systems Containing Zidovudine: Effect of the Combination of Different Chemical Enhancers and a Microemulsion System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3219-3227. [PMID: 30187445 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of the combination of chemical enhancers and a microemulsion on the transdermal permeation of zidovudine (AZT). Ethanol, 1,8-cineole, and geraniol were incorporated in a microemulsion. The droplet size, zeta potential, rheology, and SAXS analysis were performed. The permeation enhancer effect was evaluated using pig ear skin. Snake skin (Boa constrictor) treated with the formulations was also used as a stratum corneum model and studied by attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy. As a result, it was observed that the incorporation of the chemical enhancers promoted a decrease of the droplet size and some rheological modifications. The 1,8-cineole associated with the microemulsion significantly increased the permeated amount of AZT. Conversely, ethanol significantly increased the quantity of the drug retained in the skin. The probable mechanism for the cineole and ethanol effects was respectively: fluidization and increasing of the diffusion coefficient, and increasing of the partition coefficient. Surprising, geraniol + microemulsion drastically decreased both the permeated and the retained amount of AZT into the skin. Thus, the adequate association of microemulsion and chemical enhancers showed to be a crucial step to enable the topical or transdermal use of drugs.
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de Lima EN, de Andrade ARB, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Levobupivacaine Thermogel for Long-acting Analgesia. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2533-2542. [PMID: 29948983 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adequate management of analgesia, by pharmacological methods or not, is a great challenge. Local anesthetics are used for pain relief, mainly by parenteral, intramuscular, catheter, and other routes of administration. The use of in situ forming systems becomes an alternative for the control of pain. The present research investigates development of thermogels containing poloxamer and levobupivacaine. All formulations were prepared by the cold method; the compatibilities of the excipients were evaluated by DSC, rheology and viscosities, transition temperature, syringeability, release kinetics, and permeation. The compatibility of the tested excipients with the drug was initially observed; all formulations had a viscosity increase at 37°C. Different delivery rates were observed in both the release and permeation studies. The developed systems maintained the in vitro release of the drug for a long period, likely decreasing side effects in vivo and avoiding the need for supplementary analgesia by other routes.
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Tabosa MAM, de Andrade ARB, Lira AAM, Sarmento VHV, de Santana DP, Leal LB. Microemulsion Formulations for the Transdermal Delivery of Lapachol. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1837-1846. [PMID: 29637497 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This project was carried out to investigate the feasibility of using microemulsions for transdermal delivery of lapachol. From the screening of surfactants and oils, a range of microemulsions were developed using oleic acid, a mixture of Cremophor EL and Tween 20 and water. The solubility of lapachol was determined in these ingredients and in the formulated microemulsions. The microemulsions were characterised using cross-polarising light microscopy, their electrical conductivity, pH, zeta potential and rheology were analysed, and they were also investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. Ex vivo studies were performed using porcine ear skin and Franz diffusion cells to investigate the permeation and retention of lapachol. Systems containing different concentrations of Cremophor EL (8.4-41.6%), Tween 20 (5.4-41.6%) and oleic acid (12-31.9%) are able to form microemulsions. Lapachol was delivered more effectively through the skin from all of the microemulsions tested than by the control (oleic acid). These studies indicated that microemulsions incorporating lapachol were formed successfully and that these enhanced drug delivery and retention in the skin. Microemulsion systems may, therefore, provide promising vehicles for percutaneous delivery of lapachol.
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de Araujo TP, Fittipaldi IM, Bedor DCG, Duarte ML, Cordery SF, Guy RH, Delgado-Charro MB, de Santana DP, Leal LB. Topical bio(in)equivalence of metronidazole formulations in vivo. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:167-172. [PMID: 29462685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The topical bioavailabilities of metronidazole from a commercially available 'reference' product (Rozex®) and two extemporaneous test formulations were compared. With the reference drug product, a full skin pharmacokinetic profile, in vivo in human volunteers (following a 6-h uptake and clearance over the subsequent 22 h), was obtained using an improved stratum corneum (SC) sampling procedure. Then, a two-time point SC sampling method enabled the bio(in)equivalence of the test formulations to Rozex® to be evaluated. One test formulation was shown to be bioequivalent to Rozex®, both for uptake and clearance, whereas the other (more viscous and less spreadable) formulation was not. The delivery of metronidazole into the underlying viable epidermal tissue from Rozex® and from the equivalent test formulation was 2.5 to 3.5-fold higher than that from the inequivalent extemporaneous vehicle. The results highlight that the quantitative composition of a formulation, as well as its physical properties that influence events that take place at the vehicle-skin interface, can have a dramatic impact on the delivery of drug into the SC and subsequently to the viable skin layers below. The reproducible, sensitive and facile in vivo methodology employed may prove of particular value where regulatory approval of generic formulations lacks objective rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Pedon de Araujo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Moura Fittipaldi
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Danilo Cesar Galindo Bedor
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Ludna Duarte
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sarah F Cordery
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard H Guy
- University of Bath, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Davi Pereira de Santana
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Leila Bastos Leal
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CEP: 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Leal LB, Cordery SF, Delgado-Charro MB, Bunge AL, Guy RH. Bioequivalence Methodologies for Topical Drug Products: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies with a Corticosteroid and an Anti-Fungal Drug. Pharm Res 2017; 34:730-737. [PMID: 28097506 PMCID: PMC5336544 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether in vitro and ex vivo measurements of topical drug product performance correlate with in vivo outcomes, such that more efficient experimental approaches can be reliably and reproducibly used to establish (in)equivalence between formulations for skin application. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro drug release through artificial membranes, and drug penetration into porcine skin ex vivo, were compared with published human in vivo studies. Two betamethasone valerate (BMV) formulations, and three marketed econazole nitrate (EN) creams were assessed. RESULTS For BMV, the stratum corneum (SC) uptake of drug in 6 h closely matched data observed in vivo in humans, and distinguished between inequivalent formulations. SC uptake of EN from the 3 creams mirrored the in vivo equivalence in man (both clinically and via similar tape-stripping experiments). However, EN clearance from SC ex vivo did not parallel that in vivo, presumably due to the absence of a functioning microcirculation. In vitro release of BMV from the different formulations did not overlap with either ex vivo or in vivo tape-stripping data whereas, for EN, a good correlation was observed. No measurable permeation of either BMV or EN was detected in a 6-h in vitro skin penetration experiment. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and ex vivo methods for topical bioequivalence determination can show correlation with in vivo outcomes. However, these surrogates have understandable limitations. A "one-size-fits-all" approach for topical bioequivalence evaluation may not always be successful, therefore, and the judicious use of complementary methods may prove a more effective and reliable strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bastos Leal
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CEP: 50740-520, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Sarah F Cordery
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M Begoña Delgado-Charro
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Annette L Bunge
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Richard H Guy
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Melo EKSD, Araujo TPD, Silva JWVD, Chagas SCC, Bedor DCG, Santana DPD, Leal LB. Metronidazole thermogel improves retention and decreases permeation through the skin. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000216130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Carvalho ALM, Silva JAD, Lira AAM, Conceição TMF, Nunes RDS, de Albuquerque Junior RLC, Sarmento VHV, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Evaluation of Microemulsion and Lamellar Liquid Crystalline Systems for Transdermal Zidovudine Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2188-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cavalcanti Bedor NCT, Galindo Bedor DC, Miranda de Sousa CE, Nunes Bonifácio F, da Mota Castelo Branco D, Bastos Leal L, Pereira de Santana D. The development and validation of a method for quantifying olanzapine in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:305-13. [PMID: 25491375 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. A rapid method using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of olanzapine (OLZ) in human plasma was developed and validated. Venlafaxine was used as the internal standard (IS), and the samples were extracted from 400-μL human plasma with methyl tert-butyl ether for liquid-liquid extraction. 2. Chromatography was performed using an ACE C18, 125 × 4.6-mm i.d., 5-μm column. The mobile phase consisted of water with 0.1% formic acid for solvent A and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid for solvent B (50 : 50 v/v) in isocratic mode. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min. The retention times for OLZ and the IS were 0.78 and 1.04 min, respectively. Tandem mass spectrometry operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring was used to detect OLZ and the IS (m/z: 313.1 > 256.1 and 278.1 > 260.2, respectively). 3. No significant matrix effects were observed on OLZ and the IS retention times, and the mean recovery of OLZ was 90.08%. The assay was linear in the concentration range of 1-20 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.9976). The intra- and inter-day precision were < 11.60% and the accuracy was < 1.66%. 4. This validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which 10-mg OLZ tablets were administered to healthy volunteers and their plasma OLZ levels were monitored over time. The tests showed that the OLZ test and reference drug (Zyprexa(®)) were bioequivalent, as 90% of the confidence intervals were within the 80-125% interval proposed by regulatory agencies.
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Caldas ASC, Facundes VLD, Cunha DAD, Balata PMM, Leal LB, da Silva HJ. Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in laryngectomized patients. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 79:546-54. [PMID: 24141667 PMCID: PMC9442388 DOI: 10.5935/1808-8694.20130099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Araújo DD, Leal MM, Santos EJV, Leal LB. Consumption of medicines in high-risk pregnancy: evaluation of determinants related to the use of prescription drugs and self-medication. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of drugs during pregnancy still represents a challenge for medicine, since the majority of drugs cross the placental barrier with a potential to cause several congenital problems to the fetus, and most of them have not been clinically tested in pregnant patients. At the same time, the medicalization phenomenon, self-medication, and lack of patient information about the misuse of medicines are additional problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of medicine consumption in high-risk pregnancies and the determinants related to this consumption pattern. In order to do so, a cross-sectional descriptive study was performed with puerperal women who had a history of high-risk pregnancy. Statistically significant associations were found between self-medication and fewer prenatal visits, and cigarette use during pregnancy and a higher number of children. According to these data, the vulnerability of this population to the risks of drug use is evident, demonstrating a gap that requires urgent interventions in health-care education.
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Leal LB, Sousa GD, Seixas KB, Souza PHND, Santana DPD. Determination of the critical hydrophile-lipophile balance of licuri oil from Syagrus coronata: application for topical emulsions and evaluation of its hydrating function. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502013000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the critical hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of licuri oil, and to perform a clinical assay to evaluate its hydrating effects. For the determination of the HLB, serial emulsions were prepared with the oil. Regarding the clinical study, 13 human subjects were recruited to evaluate the hydrating power of the emulsified preparation containing licuri oil, and comparing it with the same preparation containing sweet almond oil (SAO). The critical HLB of licuri oil was represented by the zones within the concentrations of 10% for the oil and 15% for the pair of tensoactive agents, with a value of 11.8. Both preparations showed similar hydrating power. We propose that licuri oil can be considered a new lipophilic adjuvant with hydrating characteristics, which can be used in cosmetic preparations, replacing consecrated oils, such as SAO.
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Cavalcanti NCT, Sousa GD, Tabosa MAM, Soares Sobrinho JL, Leal LB, Santana DPD. Assay and physicochemical characterization of the antiparasitic albendazole. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize three batches of albendazole by pharmacopeial and complementary analytical techniques in order to establish more detailed specifications for the development of pharmaceutical forms. The ABZ01, ABZ02, and ABZ03 batches had melting points of 208 ºC, 208 ºC, and 209 ºC, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that all three batches showed crystalline behavior and the absence of polymorphism. Scanning electron microscopy showed that all the samples were crystals of different sizes with a strong tendency to aggregate. The samples were insoluble in water (5.07, 4.27, and 4.52 mg mL-1, respectively) and very slightly soluble in 0.1 M HCl (55.10, 56.90, and 61.70 mg mL-1, respectively) and additionally showed purities within the range specified by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5th edition (F. Bras. V; 98% to 102%). The pharmacopeial assay method was not reproducible and some changes were necessary. The method was validated and showed to be selective, specific, linear, robust, precise, and accurate. From this characterization, we concluded that pharmacopeial techniques alone are not able to detect subtle differences in active pharmaceutical ingredients; therefore, the use of other complementary techniques is required to ensure strict quality control in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Homero de Souza Filho J, Bonifácio FN, Bedor DCG, Ramos VL, de Sousa CEM, Sardón LLF, Gonçalves TM, Moreira RCD, Leal LB, de Santana DP. Relative bioavailability of two formulations of venlafaxine extended-release 75-mg capsules in healthy brazilian male volunteers: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in the fasting and fed states. Clin Ther 2010; 32:2088-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santana DPD, Braga RMC, Strattmman R, Albuquerque MM, Bedor DCG, Leal LB, Silva JAD. Reversed phase HPLC determination of tamoxifen in dog plasma and its pharmaco-kinetics after a single oral dose administration. QUIM NOVA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422008000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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