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Morissette A, Kropp C, Songpadith JP, Junges Moreira R, Costa J, Mariné-Casadó R, Pilon G, Varin TV, Dudonné S, Boutekrabt L, St-Pierre P, Levy E, Roy D, Desjardins Y, Raymond F, Houde VP, Marette A. Blueberry proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins improve metabolic health through a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E965-E980. [PMID: 32228321 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00560.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry consumption can prevent obesity-linked metabolic diseases, and it has been proposed that the polyphenol content of blueberries may contribute to these effects. Polyphenols have been shown to favorably impact metabolic health, but the role of specific polyphenol classes and whether the gut microbiota is linked to these effects remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of whole blueberry powder and blueberry polyphenols on the development of obesity and insulin resistance and to determine the potential role of gut microbes in these effects by using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Sixty-eight C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to one of the following diets for 12 wk: balanced diet (Chow); high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS); or HFHS supplemented with whole blueberry powder (BB), anthocyanidin (ANT)-rich extract, or proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich extract. After 8 wk, mice were housed in metabolic cages, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Sixty germ-free mice fed HFHS diet received FMT from one of the above groups biweekly for 8 wk, followed by an OGTT. PAC-treated mice were leaner than HFHS controls although they had the same energy intake and were more physically active. This observation was reproduced in germ-free mice receiving FMT from PAC-treated mice. PAC- and ANT-treated mice showed improved insulin responses during OGTT, and this finding was also reproduced in germ-free mice following FMT. These results show that blueberry PAC and ANT polyphenols can reduce diet-induced body weight and improve insulin sensitivity and that at least part of these beneficial effects are explained by modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Morissette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Kropp
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Songpadith
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rafael Junges Moreira
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janice Costa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault V Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Dudonné
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lemia Boutekrabt
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vanessa P Houde
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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