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Sevcikova A, Fridrichova I, Nikolaieva N, Kalinkova L, Omelka R, Martiniakova M, Ciernikova S. Clinical Significance of microRNAs in Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092658. [PMID: 37174123 PMCID: PMC10177548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are a group of neoplastic conditions that can develop from any stage of the hematopoiesis cascade. Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Mounting evidence highlights the role of miRNAs in malignant hematopoiesis via the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors involved in proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. In this review, we provide current knowledge about dysregulated miRNA expression in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. We summarize data about the clinical utility of aberrant miRNA expression profiles in hematologic cancer patients and their associations with diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of treatment response. Moreover, we will discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and severe post-HSCT complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). The therapeutical potential of the miRNA-based approach in hemato-oncology will be outlined, including studies with specific antagomiRs, mimetics, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Since hematologic malignancies represent a full spectrum of disorders with different treatment paradigms and prognoses, the potential use of miRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers might lead to improvements, resulting in a more accurate diagnosis and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sevcikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nataliia Nikolaieva
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Fridrichova I, Kalinkova L, Ciernikova S. Clinical Relevancy of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Epithelial or Mesenchymal Characteristics, Single Cells or Clusters? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12141. [PMID: 36292996 PMCID: PMC9603393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is typically an incurable disease with high mortality rates; thus, early identification of metastatic features and disease recurrence through precise biomarkers is crucial. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) consisting of heterogeneous subpopulations with different morphology and genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiles represent promising candidate biomarkers for metastatic potential. The experimentally verified role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer dissemination has not been clearly described in BC patients, but the stemness features of CTCs strongly contributes to metastatic potency. Single CTCs have been shown to be protected in the bloodstream against recognition by the immune system through impaired interactions with T lymphocytes and NK cells, while associations of heterotypic CTC clusters with platelets, leucocytes, neutrophils, tumor-associated macrophages, and fibroblasts improve their tumorigenic behavior. In addition to single CTC and CTC cluster characteristics, we reviewed CTC evaluation methods and clinical studies in early and metastatic BCs. The variable CTC tests were developed based on specific principles and strategies. However, CTC count and the presence of CTC clusters were shown to be most clinically relevant in existing clinical trials. Despite the known progress in CTC research and sampling of BC patients, implementation of CTCs and CTC clusters in routine diagnostic and treatment strategies still requires improvement in detection sensitivity and precise molecular characterizations, focused predominantly on the role of CTC clusters for their higher metastatic potency.
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Kalinkova L, Nikolaieva N, Smolkova B, Ciernikova S, Kajo K, Bella V, Kajabova VH, Kosnacova H, Minarik G, Fridrichova I. miR-205-5p Downregulation and ZEB1 Upregulation Characterize the Disseminated Tumor Cells in Patients with Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010103. [PMID: 35008529 PMCID: PMC8744876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dissemination of breast cancer (BC) cells through the hematogenous or lymphogenous vessels leads to metastatic disease in one-third of BC patients. Therefore, we investigated the new prognostic features for invasion and metastasis. Methods: We evaluated the expression of miRNAs and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in relation to CDH1/E-cadherin changes in samples from 31 patients with invasive ductal BC including tumor centrum (TU-C), tumor invasive front (TU-IF), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and CD45-depleted blood (CD45-DB). Expression of miRNA and mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR arrays and associations with clinico-pathological characteristics were statistically evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We did not verify CDH1 regulating associations previously described in cell lines. However, we did detect extremely high ZEB1 expression in LNMs from patients with distant metastasis, but without regulation by miR-205-5p. Considering the ZEB1 functions, this overexpression indicates enhancement of metastatic potential of lymphogenously disseminated BC cells. In CD45-DB samples, downregulated miR-205-5p was found in those expressing epithelial and/or mesenchymal markers (CTC+) that could contribute to insusceptibility and survival of hematogenously disseminated BC cells mediated by increased expression of several targets including ZEB1. Conclusions: miR-205-5p and potentially ZEB1 gene are promising candidates for markers of metastatic potential in ductal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Nataliia Nikolaieva
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (V.H.K.)
| | - Sona Ciernikova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Bella
- Department of Senology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Viera Horvathova Kajabova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.); (V.H.K.)
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (N.N.); (S.C.); (K.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-02-32295188
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Fridrichova I, Kalinkova L, Karhanek M, Smolkova B, Machalekova K, Wachsmannova L, Nikolaieva N, Kajo K. miR-497-5p Decreased Expression Associated with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E127. [PMID: 33374439 PMCID: PMC7795869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current guidelines for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), based on clinicopathological factors, are insufficient for numerous reasons; therefore, we investigated the relevance of miRNA expression profiles for the discrimination of different EC subtypes. Among the miRNAs previously predicted to allow distinguishing of endometrioid ECs (EECs) according to different grades (G) and from serous subtypes (SECs), we verified the utility of miR-497-5p. In ECs, we observed downregulated miR-497-5p levels that were significantly decreased in SECs, clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), and carcinosarcomas (CaSas) compared to EECs, thereby distinguishing EEC from SEC and rare EC subtypes. Significantly reduced miR-497-5p expression was found in high-grade ECs (EEC G3, SEC, CaSa, and CCC) compared to low-grade carcinomas (EEC G1 and mucinous carcinoma) and ECs classified as being in advanced FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages, that is, with loco-regional and distant spread compared to cancers located only in the uterus. Based on immunohistochemical features, lower miR-497-5p levels were observed in hormone-receptor-negative, p53-positive, and highly Ki-67-expressing ECs. Using a machine learning method, we showed that consideration of miR-497-5p expression, in addition to the traditional clinical and histopathologic parameters, slightly improves the prediction accuracy of EC diagnosis. Our results demonstrate that changes in miR-497-5p expression influence endometrial tumorigenesis and its evaluation may contribute to more precise diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Miloslav Karhanek
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarina Machalekova
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Lenka Wachsmannova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Nataliia Nikolaieva
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.M.); (K.K.)
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Zmetakova I, Kalinkova L, Smolkova B, Horvathova Kajabova V, Cierna Z, Danihel L, Bohac M, Sedlackova T, Minarik G, Karaba M, Benca J, Cihova M, Buocikova V, Miklikova S, Mego M, Fridrichova I. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 23 hypermethylation predicts decreased disease-free survival in low-risk breast cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1695-1704. [PMID: 30815959 PMCID: PMC6500989 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 23 (ADAM23), a member of the ADAM family, is involved in neuronal differentiation and cancer. ADAM23 is considered a possible tumor suppressor gene and is frequently downregulated in various types of malignancies. Its epigenetic silencing through promoter hypermethylation was observed in breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ADAM23 promoter methylation for hematogenous spread and disease-free survival (DFS). Pyrosequencing was used to quantify ADAM23 methylation in tumors of 203 BC patients. Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in their peripheral blood was detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of epithelial (KRT19) or mesenchymal (epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT]-inducing transcription factors TWIST1, SNAI1, SLUG and ZEB1) mRNA transcripts was examined in CD45-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ADAM23 methylation was significantly lower in tumors of patients with the mesenchymal CTC (P = .006). It positively correlated with Ki-67 proliferation, especially in mesenchymal CTC-negative patients (P = .001). In low-risk patients, characterized by low Ki-67 and mesenchymal CTC absence, ADAM23 hypermethylation was an independent predictor of DFS (P = .006). Our results indicate that ADAM23 is likely involved in BC progression and dissemination of mesenchymal CTC. ADAM23 methylation has the potential to function as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Zmetakova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Lenka Kalinkova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | | | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- Department of PathologyFaculty of MedicineComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Martin Bohac
- 2nd Department of OncologyFaculty of MedicineNational Cancer InstituteComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular BiomedicineFaculty of MedicineComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular BiomedicineFaculty of MedicineComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Marian Karaba
- 2nd Department of OncologyFaculty of MedicineNational Cancer InstituteComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
- Department of OncosurgeryNational Cancer InstituteBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Juraj Benca
- Department of OncosurgeryNational Cancer InstituteBratislavaSlovakia
- Department of MedicineSt. Elizabeth UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Marina Cihova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Verona Buocikova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Svetlana Miklikova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of OncologyFaculty of MedicineNational Cancer InstituteComenius UniversityBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Cancer Research InstituteBiomedical Research CenterSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
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Smolkova B, Miklikova S, Kajabova VH, Babelova A, Yamani NE, Zduriencikova M, Fridrichova I, Zmetakova I, Krivulcik T, Kalinkova L, Matuskova M, Kucerova L, Dusinska M. Global and gene specific DNA methylation in breast cancer cells was not affected during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Neoplasma 2019; 63:901-910. [PMID: 27565328 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2016_609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) significantly affects the risk of metastasising in breast cancer. Plasticity and reversibility of EMT suggest that epigenetic mechanisms could be the key drivers of these processes, but little is known about the dynamics of EMT-related epigenetic alterations. We hypothesised that EMT, mediated by autocrine and paracrine signals, will be accompanied by changes in DNA methylation profiles. Therefore, conditioned medium from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells was used for induction of EMT in human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line. EMT-related morphological alterations and changes in gene expression of EMT-associated markers were assessed. To reverse EMT, 20 nm size gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized by the citrate reduction method were applied. Finally, DNA methylation of LINE-1 sequences and promoter methylation of TIMP3, ADAM23 and BRMS1 genes were quantitatively evaluated by pyrosequencing. Despite the presence of EMT-associated morphological and gene expression changes in tumour cells, EMT induced by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells had almost no effect on LINE-1 and gene-specific DNA methylation patterns of TIMP3, ADAM23 and BRMS1 genes. Although treatment for 24, 48 or 72 hours with 20 nm AuNPs at a concentration of 3 µg/ml slightly decreased gene expression of EMT-associated markers in SK-BR-3 cells, it did not alter global or gene-specific DNA methylation. Our results suggest that changes in DNA methylation are not detectable in vitro in early phases of EMT. Previously published positive findings could represent rather the sustained presence of potent EMT-inducing signals or the synergistic effect of various epigenetic mechanisms. Treatment with AuNPs slightly attenuated EMT, and their therapeutic potential needs to be further investigated.
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Kalinkova L, Zmetakova I, Smolkova B, Minarik G, Sedlackova T, Horvathova Kajabova V, Cierna Z, Mego M, Fridrichova I. Decreased methylation in the SNAI2 and ADAM23 genes associated with de-differentiation and haematogenous dissemination in breast cancers. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:875. [PMID: 30189837 PMCID: PMC6127923 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In breast cancer (BC), deregulation of DNA methylation leads to aberrant expressions and functions of key regulatory genes. In our study, we investigated the relationship between the methylation profiles of genes associated with cancer invasivity and clinico-pathological parameters. In detail, we studied differences in the methylation levels between BC patients with haematogenous and lymphogenous cancer dissemination. METHODS We analysed samples of primary tumours (PTs), lymph node metastases (LNMs) and peripheral blood cells (PBCs) from 59 patients with sporadic disseminated BC. Evaluation of the DNA methylation levels of six genes related to invasivity, ADAM23, uPA, CXCL12, TWIST1, SNAI1 and SNAI2, was performed by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Among the cancer-specific methylated genes, we found lower methylation levels of the SNAI2 gene in histologic grade 3 tumours (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.97; P = 0.038) than in fully or moderately differentiated cancers. We also evaluated the methylation profiles in patients with different cancer cell dissemination statuses (positivity for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and/or LNMs). We detected the significant association between reduced DNA methylation of ADAM23 in PTs and presence of CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.90; P = 0.023). CONCLUSION The relationships between the decreased methylation levels of the SNAI2 and ADAM23 genes and cancer de-differentiation and haematogenous dissemination, respectively, indicate novel functions of those genes in the invasive processes. After experimental validation of the association between the lower values of SNAI2 and ADAM23 methylation and clinical features of aggressive BCs, these methylation profiles could improve the management of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Zmetakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Horvathova Kajabova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 83310, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Smolkova B, Horvathova Kajabova V, Zmetakova I, Kalinkova L, Czanner G, Markova A, Furdova A. Role of epigenetic deregulation in hematogenous dissemination of malignant uveal melanoma. Neoplasma 2018; 65:840-854. [PMID: 30334454 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2018_180420n261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that epigenetic deregulation plays a fundamental role in cancer. Although the understanding of molecular, genetic and transcriptional alterations involved in the initiation and progression of uveal melanoma (UM) has grown significantly in recent years, little attention has been paid to the role of epigenetic changes. In cancer, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enables trans-differentiation of epithelial tumor cells, endowing them with migratory and invasive properties. EMT-inducing transcription factors have been shown to interact with multiple epigenetic modifiers, thus reflecting the reversible nature of EMT. Therefore, the epigenetic therapy targeting these interactions may provide a promising therapeutic option, especially since no improvement in survival of patients with metastatic UM has been achieved using traditional approaches. This review summarizes current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of EMT in UM and emphasizes the need for deeper understanding of these highly dynamic and reversible processes. The potential for targeting individual members of the epigenetic machinery is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Smolkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy od Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Horvathova Kajabova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Zmetakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - G Czanner
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Markova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - A Furdova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Smolkova B, Mego M, Zmetakova I, Kajabova VH, Miklikova S, Kalinkova L, Minarik G, Sedlackova T, Cierna Z, Fridrichova I. PO-394 DNA methylation of ADAM23 is negatively associated with haematogenous spread in breast cancer. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Jurkovicova D, Smolkova B, Magyerkova M, Sestakova Z, Kajabova VH, Kulcsar L, Zmetakova I, Kalinkova L, Krivulcik T, Karaba M, Benca J, Sedlackova T, Minarik G, Cierna Z, Danihel L, Mego M, Chovanec M, Fridrichova I. Down-regulation of traditional oncomiRs in plasma of breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77369-77384. [PMID: 29100393 PMCID: PMC5652785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of microRNAs has the oncogenic or tumor suppressor function in cancer. Since miRNAs in plasma are highly stable, their quantification could contribute to more precise cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy prediction. We have quantified expression of seven oncomiRs, namely miR-17/92 cluster (miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a and miR-20a), miR-21, miR-27a and miR-155, in plasma of 137 breast cancer (BC) patients. We detected down-regulation of six miRNAs in patients with invasive BC compared to controls; however, only miR-20a and miR-27a down-regulations were statistically significant. Comparing miRNA expression between early and advanced stages of BC, we observed statistically significant decrease of miR-17 and miR-19a. We identified down-regulation of miR-17 and miR-20a in patients with clinical parameters of advanced BC (lymph node metastasis, tumor grade 3, circulating tumor cells, higher Ki-67-related proliferation, hormone receptor negativity and HER2 amplification), when compared to controls. Moreover, decreased level of miR-17 was found from low to high grade. Therefore, miR-17 could represent an indicator of advanced BC. Down-regulated miR-27a expression levels were observed in all clinical categories regardless of tumor progression. Hence, miR-27a could be used as a potential diagnostic marker for BC. Our data indicates that any changes in miRNA expression levels in BC patients in comparison to controls could be highly useful for cancer-associated pathology discrimination. Moreover, dynamics of miRNA expression changes could be used for BC progression monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jurkovicova
- KRD Molecular Technologies Ltd., Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Zuzana Sestakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Horvathova Kajabova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Iveta Zmetakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Kalinkova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Krivulcik
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Karaba
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Benca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Medical Department of St. Elizabeth University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Pathological-Anatomical Workplace, Health Care Surveillance Authority, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- 2 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fridrichova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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