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Loayza JJ, Kang S, Schooth L, Teh JJ, de Klerk A, Noon EK, Zhang J, Hu J, Hamilton AL, Wilson-O’Brien A, Trakman GL, Lin W, Ching J, Or L, Sung J, Yu J, Ng S, Kamm M, Morrison M. Effect of food additives on key bacterial taxa and the mucosa-associated microbiota in Crohn's disease. The ENIGMA study. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172670. [PMID: 36852457 PMCID: PMC9980662 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food additives have been linked to the pro-inflammatory microbial dysbiosis associated with Crohn's disease (CD) but the underlying ecological dynamics are unknown. Here, we examine how selection of food additives affects the growth of multiple strains of a key beneficial bacterium (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), axenic clinical isolates of proinflammatory bacteria from CD patients (Proteus, Morganella, and Klebsiella spp.), and the consortia of mucosa-associated microbiota recovered from multiple Crohn's disease patients. Bacterial growth of the axenic isolates was evaluated using a habitat-simulating medium supplemented with either sodium sulfite, aluminum silicate, carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbate 80, saccharin, sucralose, or aspartame, intended to approximate concentrations found in food. The microbial consortia recovered from post-operative CD patient mucosal biopsy samples were challenged with either carboxymethylcellulose and/or polysorbate 80, and the bacterial communities compared to unchallenged consortia by 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling. Growth of all F. prausnitzii strains was arrested when either sodium sulfite or polysorbate 80 was added to cultures at baseline or mid-exponential phase of growth, and the inhibitory effects on the Gram-negative bacteria by sodium sulfite were conditional on oxygen availability. The effects from polysorbate 80, saccharin, carrageenan, and/or carboxymethylcellulose on these bacteria were strain-specific. In addition to their direct effects on bacterial growth, polysorbate 80 and/or carboxymethylcellulose can drive profound changes in the CD mucosa-associated microbiota via niche expansion of Proteus and/or Veillonellaceae - both implicated in early Crohn's disease recurrence. These studies on the interaction of food additives with the enteric microbiota provide a basis for dietary management in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.J. Jimenez Loayza
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S. Kang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - L. Schooth
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J. J. Teh
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A. de Klerk
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E. K. Noon
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J. Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (Magic), Hong Kong, China
| | - J. Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (Magic), Hong Kong, China
| | - A. L. Hamilton
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. Wilson-O’Brien
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G. L. Trakman
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - W. Lin
- Microbiota I-Center (Magic), Hong Kong, China
| | - J. Ching
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (Magic), Hong Kong, China
| | - L. Or
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - J.J.Y. Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - S.C. Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Microbiota I-Center (Magic), Hong Kong, China,Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M.A. Kamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia,Department of Medicine, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Morrison
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,CONTACT M. Morrison Mark Morrison Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Woolloongabba, Australia
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Mak JWY, Yang S, Stanley A, Lin X, Morrison M, Ching JYL, Niu J, Wilson‐O'Brien AL, Feng R, Tang W, Hamilton AL, Or L, Trakman GL, Lin WYY, Sung JJY, Chen MH, Mao Y, Kamm MA, Ng SC. Childhood antibiotics as a risk factor for Crohn's disease: The
ENIGMA
International Cohort Study. JGH Open 2022; 6:369-377. [PMID: 35774350 PMCID: PMC9218523 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Environmental factors play a key role in development of Crohn's disease (CD), thought to be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota. We aimed to delineate the potential contribution of antibiotic exposure to subsequent development of CD, across diverse geographical populations. Methods This case–control study in Australia and three cities in China (Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Kunming) included four groups: patients with CD, at‐risk individuals including non‐affected first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and household members of CD patients (HM), and unrelated healthy controls (HCs). Environmental risk factors, including childhood antibiotic use and 13 other categories, were assessed using a self‐developed questionnaire. Logistic regression and conditional logistic regression were used to determine environmental factors associated with CD development. Results From 2017 to 2019, a total of 254 patients with CD (mean age: 37.98 ± 13.76 years; 58.3% male), 73 FDR (mean age: 49.35 ± 13.28 years; 46.6% male), 122 HMs (including FDR) (mean age: 45.50 ± 13.25 years; 47.5% male), and 78 HC (mean age: 45.57 ± 11.24; 47.4% male) were included. Comparing CD patients with their FDR and HMs, antibiotic use before 18 years old was a risk factor for CD development (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–8.69; P = 0.008). There were no significant differences in other childhood environmental risk factors between CD and their FDR or HMs. Subgroup analysis showed that antibiotic use <18 years old was a risk factor for CD development in the Chinese (adjusted OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.62–12.24; P = 0.005) but not in Australian populations (OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.33–9.95; P = 0.498). Conclusion Use of antibiotics <18 years was a risk factor for CD development. Attention should be paid to identifying modifiable environmental risk factors in early childhood, especially in at‐risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce W Y Mak
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Sun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Annalise Stanley
- Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Mark Morrison
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jessica Y L Ching
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Junkun Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Amy L Wilson‐O'Brien
- Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Rui Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- LKS Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Microbiota I‐Center (MagIC) Hong Kong
| | - Amy L Hamilton
- Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Leo Or
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- LKS Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| | - Gina L Trakman
- Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Winnie Y Y Lin
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Microbiota I‐Center (MagIC) Hong Kong
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Ming Hu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yinglei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming Yunnan China
| | - Michael A Kamm
- Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- LKS Institute of Health Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
- Microbiota I‐Center (MagIC) Hong Kong
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