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Oliveira LR, Trein MR, Assis LR, Rigo GV, Simões LPM, Batista VS, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS, Nascimento-Júnior NM, Tasca T, Regasini LO. Phenolic chalcones as agents against Trichomonas vaginalis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106888. [PMID: 37839143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated and anaerobic protozoan, is a causative agent of trichomoniasis. This disease is among the world's most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection. A single class drug, nitroimidazoles, is currently available for the trichomoniasis treatment. However, resistant isolates have been identified from unsuccessfully treated patients. Thus, there is a great challenge for a discovery of innovative anti-T. vaginalis agents. As part of our ongoing search for antiprotozoal chalcones, we designed and synthesized a series of 21 phenolic chalcones, which were evaluated against T. vaginalis trophozoites. Structure-activity relationship indicated hydroxyl group plays a role key in antiprotozoal activity. 4'-Hydroxychalcone (4HC) was the most active compound (IC50 = 27.5 µM) and selected for detailed bioassays. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated 4HC was not toxic against human erythrocytes and Galleria mellonella larvae. Trophozoites of T. vaginalis were treated with 4HC and did not present significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. However, compound 4HC was able to increase ROS accumulation in neutrophils coincubated with T. vaginalis. qRT-PCR Experiments indicated that 4HC did not affect the expression of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) and β-tubulin genes. In silico simulations, using purine nucleoside phosphorylase of T. vaginalis (TvPNP), corroborated 4HC as a promising ligand. Compound 4HC was able to establish interactions with residues D21, G20, M180, R28, R87 and T90 through hydrophobic interactions, π-donor hydrogen bond and hydrogen bonds. Altogether, these results open new avenues for phenolic chalcones to combat trichomoniasis, a parasitic neglected infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia R Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Trein
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Assis
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziela V Rigo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P M Simões
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor S Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J Macedo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Trentin
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nailton M Nascimento-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Professor Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luis O Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Lopes FB, Aranha CMSQ, Corrêa MF, Fernandes GAB, Okamoto DN, Simões LPM, Junior NMN, Fernandes JPS. Evaluation of the Histamine H 3 Receptor Antagonists from LINS01 Series as Cholinesterases Inhibitors - Enzymatic and Modeling Studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:722-729. [PMID: 36050829 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is involved in several CNS processes including cognition. In the last years, H3 receptor (H3 R) antagonists have been widely explored for their potential on dementias and other cognitive dysfunctions, and the cooperative role between histamine and acetylcholine neurotransmissions on cognitive processes is widely known in literature. This motivated us to assess the potential of 1-[(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-1-yl)methyl]piperazines (LINS01 compounds) as inhibitors of cholinesterases, and thus this work presents the inhibitory effect of such compounds against acetyl (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). A set of 16 selected compounds were evaluated, being compounds 2d and 2e the most potent inhibitors of both cholinesterases (IC50 13.2 - 33.9 μM) by competitive mechanism, as indicated by the kinetic assays. Molecular docking simulations suggested that the allylpiperazine and dihydrobenzofuran motifs present in these compounds are important to perform π-interactions with key tryptophan residues from the enzymes, increasing their affinity for both H3 R and cholinesterases. Metric analysis support that compound 2d (LINS01022) should be highlighted due to its balanced lipophilicity (ClogP 2.35) and efficiency (LE 0.32) as AChE inhibitor. The results add important information to future design of dual H3 R-cholinesterases ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia B Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecília M S Q Aranha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle F Corrêa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A B Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora N Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P M Simões
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nailton M Nascimento Junior
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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