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Alfonso S, Mente E, Fiocchi E, Manfrin A, Dimitroglou A, Papaharisis L, Barkas D, Toomey L, Boscarato M, Losasso C, Peruzzo A, Stefani A, Zupa W, Spedicato MT, Nengas I, Lembo G, Carbonara P. Growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed an environmentally and economically sustainable low marine protein diet in sea cages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21269. [PMID: 38042956 PMCID: PMC10693626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleonora Fiocchi
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arkadios Dimitroglou
- Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Barkas
- Department of Research and Development, AVRAMAR S.A., 19002, Paiania, Greece
| | | | - Marilena Boscarato
- National Reference Laboratory for Fish, Mollusc and Crustacean Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- Laboratory Medicine Service, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Ioannis Nengas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
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Toubanaki DK, Efstathiou A, Tzortzatos OP, Valsamidis MA, Papaharisis L, Bakopoulos V, Karagouni E. Nervous Necrosis Virus Modulation of European Sea Bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) Immune Genes and Transcriptome towards Establishment of Virus Carrier State. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16613. [PMID: 38068937 PMCID: PMC10706053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of teleost fish have great environmental and economic implications in aquaculture. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a pathogen affecting more than 120 different species, causing high mortality and morbidity. Herein, we studied the course of NNV experimental infection of D. labrax, focusing on survivors which indicated viral carrier state. To determine the carrier state of D. labrax head kidney, we performed a gene expression analysis of selected immune-related genes and we profiled its transcriptome 14 days post infection (dpi). All tested genes showed clear differentiations in expression levels while most of them were up-regulated 14 dpi suggesting that their role is not limited in early antiviral responses, but they are also implicated in disease persistence. To gain a better understanding of the fish that survived the acute infection but still maintained a high viral load, we studied the differential expression of 124 up-regulated and 48 down-regulated genes in D. labrax head kidney, at 14 dpi. Concluding, the NNV virus persistent profile was assessed in D. labrax, where immune-related gene modification was intense (14 dpi) and the head kidney transcriptome profile at this time point offered a glimpse into host attempts to control the infection in asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K. Toubanaki
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (D.K.T.); (A.E.); (O.-P.T.)
| | - Antonia Efstathiou
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (D.K.T.); (A.E.); (O.-P.T.)
| | - Odysseas-Panagiotis Tzortzatos
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (D.K.T.); (A.E.); (O.-P.T.)
| | - Michail-Aggelos Valsamidis
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Lesvos, 81100 Mytilene, Greece; (M.-A.V.); (V.B.)
| | | | - Vasileios Bakopoulos
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Lesvos, 81100 Mytilene, Greece; (M.-A.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Evdokia Karagouni
- Immunology of Infection Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (D.K.T.); (A.E.); (O.-P.T.)
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3
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Oikonomou S, Kazlari Z, Loukovitis D, Dimitroglou A, Kottaras L, Tzokas K, Barkas D, Katribouzas N, Papaharisis L, Chatziplis D. Genetic Parameters and Genotype × Diet Interaction for Body Weight Performance and Fat in Gilthead Seabream. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13010180. [PMID: 36611788 PMCID: PMC9817679 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been thorough research on the genotype by diet interaction and the extent of its impact on the genetic evaluation, using a partly replaced marine animal protein on the gilthead seabream. To do that, 8356 individuals were gathered from two batches and followed different diets: a high-plant-protein diet containing 85% plant proteins and a standard commercial one containing 30% marine animal protein. During the experiment, body weight, growth and fat content were recorded. High heritability estimates were detected for the body weight performance and fat content. A small effect of genotype by diet interaction was detected in all phenotypes (presented as the genetic correlations from 0.95 to 0.97) but a medium-high ranking correlation between the breeding values for each trait was estimated (0.72-0.70). A higher expected response to selection for the body weight performance was detected using the standard commercial rather than the plant-based diet. Based on the findings, the establishment of a plant-based diet breeding strategy can be achieved provided the reduction of the cost of aquafeed is attained, though a lower genetic gain is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoi Kazlari
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loukovitis
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO Demeter, Paralimni, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Arkadios Dimitroglou
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Lefteris Kottaras
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tzokas
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Barkas
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katribouzas
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Leonidas Papaharisis
- Department of Research & Development, Avramar Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Chatziplis
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, Sindos, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Farmaki EG, Thomaidis NS, Pasias IN, Rousis NI, Baulard C, Papaharisis L, Efstathiou CE. Advanced multivariate techniques for the classification and pollution of marine sediments due to aquaculture. Sci Total Environ 2021; 763:144617. [PMID: 33385839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture production has globally increased and its environmental impact is not well understood and assessed yet. Therefore, in this work nine metals and metalloids (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn and As) and three nutrients (P, N and C) that seem to accumulate in marine sediments, were determined under the fish cages (zero distance) and about 50 and 100 m away from them, in three aquacultures in Greece. The analysis of these data is crucial due to the negative impact of the intensive aquaculture activities on fish population, human health and marine environment. This study investigated the environmental impact associated with aquaculture cages on marine sediments, using Supervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in parallel with Classification Trees (CTs). Optimised models were constructed in order to detect the significance of each variable, predict the origin of the sediment samples and successfully visualise their results. Three popular ANN architectures, as multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), radial basis function (RBF) and counter propagation artificial neural networks (CP-ANNs) were used to assess the impact of the intensive aquaculture activities on marine sediments. In addition, more traditional multivariate chemometric techniques like CTs were applied to the same data set for comparison purposes. The modelling study showed that P, N, Cu, Cd were the most critical (and polluting) factors of those metals studied. Moreover, single-element models achieved elevated predictive percentages. The results were justified due to the usual practices used for fish feeding or cages maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni G Farmaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis N Pasias
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Cecile Baulard
- Nireus Aquaculture S.A., 1st klm. Koropiou-Varis Avenue, 19400 Koropi, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos E Efstathiou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Chatziplis D, Oikonomou S, Loukovitis D, Tsiokos D, Samaras A, Dimitroglou A, Kottaras L, Papanna K, Papaharisis L, Tsigenopoulos C, Pavlidis M. QTL for Stress and Disease Resistance in European Sea Bass, Dicentrarhus labrax L. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091668. [PMID: 32948016 PMCID: PMC7552151 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in selective breeding in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), especially regarding family selection based on growth performance. In particular, quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification in sea bass enhances the application of marker-assisted breeding for the genetic improvement of the production traits. The aims of the study were to identify potential QTL affecting stress and immunological indicators, body weight, and mortality after vibriosis injection in sea bass as well as to estimate heritability and genetic/phenotypic correlations for the aforementioned traits. To this end, stress test was performed on 960 offspring and a sub-group of them (420) was selected to explore the mortality after vibrio injection. Selective genotyping was performed in 620 offspring for 35 microsatellite markers and distributed into 6 linkage groups. The length of the genetic linkage map was 283.6 cM and the mean distance between the markers was 8.1 cM. QTL affecting body weight in three different growth periods detected on linkage groups LG1, LG4, LG6, and LG14. A QTL associated with weight in early growth stages (290-306 days post-hatching) was also identified on LG3. QTL analysis confirmed the existence of QTL affecting cortisol levels, on LG3 and LG14. Moreover, new QTL affecting only cortisol and glucose levels were detected on LG1 and LG23. No QTL affecting hormonal or biochemical marks was found on LG4 and LG6. Heritability of cortisol, lysozyme levels, and mortality were high (0.36, 0.55, and 0.38, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Chatziplis
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Dept of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, 57 400 Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.O.)
| | - Stavroula Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, Dept of Agricultural Technology, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, P.O. Box 141, 57 400 Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.O.)
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loukovitis
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO Demeter, 58100 Paralimni, Giannitsa, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-013-337
| | - Dimitrios Tsiokos
- Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO Demeter, 58100 Paralimni, Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Samaras
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, GR-714 09 Heraklion, Greece; (A.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Arkadios Dimitroglou
- Department of Research & Development, Nireus Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece; (A.D.); (L.K.); (K.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Lefteris Kottaras
- Department of Research & Development, Nireus Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece; (A.D.); (L.K.); (K.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Kantham Papanna
- Department of Research & Development, Nireus Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece; (A.D.); (L.K.); (K.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonidas Papaharisis
- Department of Research & Development, Nireus Aquaculture SA, 341 00 Chalkida, Greece; (A.D.); (L.K.); (K.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Costas Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Michail Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, GR-714 09 Heraklion, Greece; (A.S.); (M.P.)
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Kyriakis D, Kanterakis A, Manousaki T, Tsakogiannis A, Tsagris M, Tsamardinos I, Papaharisis L, Chatziplis D, Potamias G, Tsigenopoulos CS. Scanning of Genetic Variants and Genetic Mapping of Phenotypic Traits in Gilthead Sea Bream Through ddRAD Sequencing. Front Genet 2019; 10:675. [PMID: 31447879 PMCID: PMC6691846 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is a teleost of considerable economic importance in Southern European aquaculture. The aquaculture industry shows a growing interest in the application of genetic methods that can locate phenotype–genotype associations with high economic impact. Through selective breeding, the aquaculture industry can exploit this information to maximize the financial yield. Here, we present a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of 112 samples belonging to seven different sea bream families collected from a Greek commercial aquaculture company. Through double digest Random Amplified DNA (ddRAD) Sequencing, we generated a per-sample genetic profile consisting of 2,258 high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). These profiles were tested for association with four phenotypes of major financial importance: Fat, Weight, Tag Weight, and the Length to Width ratio. We applied two methods of association analysis. The first is the typical single-SNP to phenotype test, and the second is a feature selection (FS) method through two novel algorithms that are employed for the first time in aquaculture genomics and produce groups with multiple SNPs associated to a phenotype. In total, we identified 9 single SNPs and 6 groups of SNPs associated with weight-related phenotypes (Weight and Tag Weight), 2 groups associated with Fat, and 16 groups associated with the Length to Width ratio. Six identified loci (Chr4:23265532, Chr6:12617755, Chr:8:11613979, Chr13:1098152, Chr15:3260819, and Chr22:14483563) were present in genes associated with growth in other teleosts or even mammals, such as semaphorin-3A and neurotrophin-3. These loci are strong candidates for future studies that will help us unveil the genetic mechanisms underlying growth and improve the sea bream aquaculture productivity by providing genomic anchors for selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kyriakis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | | | - Tereza Manousaki
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsakogiannis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Tsagris
- Deparment of Economics, University of Crete, Gallos Campus, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Department of Computer Science, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Chatziplis
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Alexander Technological Education Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Potamias
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR) Crete, Greece
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7
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Samaras A, Dimitroglou A, Sarropoulou E, Papaharisis L, Kottaras L, Pavlidis M. Repeatability of cortisol stress response in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and transcription differences between individuals with divergent responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34858. [PMID: 27703277 PMCID: PMC5050510 DOI: 10.1038/srep34858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the stress responses of organisms is of importance in the performance and welfare of farmed animals, including fish. Especially fish in aquaculture commonly face stressors, and better knowledge of their responses may assist in proper husbandry and selection of breeding stocks. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species with high cortisol concentrations, is of major importance in this respect. The main objectives of the present study were to assess the repeatability and consistency of cortisol stress response and to identify differences in liver transcription profiles of European sea bass individuals, showing a consistent low (LR) or high (HR) cortisol response. The progeny of six full sib families was used, and sampled for plasma cortisol after an acute stress challenge once per month, for four consecutive months. Results suggest that cortisol responsiveness was a repeatable trait with LR and HR fish showing low or high resting, free and post-stress cortisol concentrations respectively. Finally, the liver transcription profiles of LR and HR fish showed some important differences, indicating differential hepatic regulation between these divergent phenotypes. These transcription differences were related to various metabolic and immunological processes, with 169 transcripts being transcribed exclusively in LR fish and 161 exclusively in HR fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Samaras
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Dimitroglou
- Research and Development Department, Nireus Aquaculture S.A., Greece
| | - E Sarropoulou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - L Papaharisis
- Research and Development Department, Nireus Aquaculture S.A., Greece
| | - L Kottaras
- Research and Development Department, Nireus Aquaculture S.A., Greece
| | - M Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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8
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Farmaki EG, Thomaidis NS, Pasias IN, Baulard C, Papaharisis L, Efstathiou CE. Environmental impact of intensive aquaculture: investigation on the accumulation of metals and nutrients in marine sediments of Greece. Sci Total Environ 2014; 485-486:554-562. [PMID: 24747247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of intensive aquaculture activities on marine sediments along three coastal areas in Greece was studied. The content of nine metals/metalloids (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, As), and three nutrients (P, N and C), that seem to accumulate in marine sediments, was determined under the fish cages (zero distance) and away (50 or 100 m) from them. Elevated concentrations for phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, zinc and cadmium were recorded in the areas where farming establishments are moored. In parallel, the intrinsic differences between the aquaculture facilities and their seasonal variations were investigated. The individual characteristics of each farm (local water currents, facilities' capacity, transferring mechanisms or the geological background) were the determinant factors. On the contrary, significant seasonal differences were not recorded. Statistical techniques, as the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests and principal components analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), were used for the evaluation of the results. These chemometric tools succeeded to discriminate the sampling points according to their distance from the cages or the origin of the sample. Variables' significance, correlations and potential accumulation sources were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni G Farmaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis N Pasias
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Cecile Baulard
- Nireus Aquaculture S.A., 1st klm. Koropiou-Varis Avenue, 19400 Koropi, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos E Efstathiou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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9
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Nasopoulou C, Smith T, Detopoulou M, Tsikrika C, Papaharisis L, Barkas D, Zabetakis I. Structural elucidation of olive pomace fed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) polar lipids with cardioprotective activities. Food Chem 2013; 145:1097-105. [PMID: 24128590 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to structurally characterise the polar lipids of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), fed with an experimental diet containing olive pomace (OP), that exhibit cardioprotective activities. OP has been added to conventional fish oil (FO) feed at 4% and this was the OP diet, having been supplemented as finishing diet to fish. Sea bass was aquacultured using either FO or OP diet. At the end of the dietary experiment, lipids in both samples of fish muscle were quantified and HPLC fractionated. The in vitro cardioprotective properties of the polar lipid fractions, using washed rabbit's platelets, have been assessed and the two most biologically active fractions were further analysed by mass spectrometry. The gas-chromatrograpy-mass spectrometric data shows that these two fractions contain low levels of myristic (14:0), oleic (18:1 cis ω-9) and linoleic acids (18:2 ω-6), but high levels of palmitic (16:0) and stearic acids (18:0) as well as eicosadienoic acid (20:2 ω-6). The first fraction (MS1) also contained significant levels of arachidonic acid (20:4 ω-6) and the omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (22:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). Electrospray-mass spectrometry elucidated that the lipid composition of the two fractions contained various diacyl-glycerophospholipids species, where the majority of them have either 18:0 or 18:1 fatty acids in the sn-1 position and either 22:6 or 20:2 fatty acids in the sn-2 position for MS1 and MS2, respectively. Our research focuses on the structure/function relationship of fish muscle polar lipids and cardiovascular diseases and structural data are given for polar lipid HPLC fractions with strong cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Nasopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
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